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BASED
SMOKE
ALARM SYSTEM
Academic Information
generally issue a local audible or visual alarm from the detector itself.
7805 was used with capacitors circuitry. Output of the regulator was
fed into the microcontroller’s Vcc. Until this task which is common
and fine. Smoke sensor was interfaced with the comparator. As the
the comparator was fed with 3 Volts DC to compare with the output
Similarly smoke output were also being fed into the microcontroller
which deals these inputs similarly like the one stated above and hence
this purpose need for a relay to be used was felt that was energized on
Features
• Peripheral Features
• Operating Voltages
9 2.7 - 5.5V
9 0 - 16MHz
o VCC
+2.7V to +5.5V
o GND
Ground Supply
o AGND
ADC or Analog Ground
o AREF
o PC5 – PC0
Bidirectional In/Out Pin Multiplex with ADC
o RESET
Microcontroller Reset
o PD7 – PD0
Bidirectional In/Out Pin
Piezoelectric Buzzer
The above image shows a very commonly used piezo buzzer also
called piezo transducer operating at DC voltage. Encapsulated in a
cylindrical plastic coating, it has a hole on the top face for sound to
propagate. A yellow metallic disc which plays an important role in the
producing sound can be seen through the hole.
This one is petite but loud! Drive it with 3-30V peak-to-peak square
wave. To use, connect one pin to ground (either one) and the other pin
to a square wave out from a timer or microcontroller. For the loudest
tones, stay around 4 KHz, but works quite well from 2KHz to 10KHz.
For extra loudness, you can connect both pins to a microcontroller
and swap which pin is high or low ('differential drive') for double the
volume.
R
Relay
Now a days mo
ost of thee high endd industriial appliccation dev
vices havve
relays for their effectivee workingg. Relayss are simpple switch
hes whicch
are opeerated booth electriically andd mechanically. Reelays con
nsist of a n
electro
omagnet and
a also a set of coontacts. The
T switcching mecchanism is
i
carriedd out withh the hellp of the electrom
magnet. Thhere are also otheer
operatiing princiiples for its
i workinng. But th
hey differr accordinng to theiir
applicaations. Most of thee devices have the application of relaays.
The main
m operation of a relay ccomes inn places w
where onnly a low
w-
power signal caan be used to conttrol a circcuit. It is also used
d in placees
where only onee signal can
c be used to coontrol a llot of cirrcuits. Thhe
applicaation of relays
r starrted durinng the inv
vention oof telepho
ones. Theey
playedd an impoortant role in swittching caalls in telephone exchanges
e s.
They were also used in long distance telegraphy. They were used to
switch the signal coming from one source to another destination.
After the invention of computers they were also used to perform
Boolean and other logical operations. The high end applications of
relays require high power to be driven by electric motors and so on.
Such relays are called contactors.
ULN-20003 Driv
ver
ULN2003 is a high volttage and high currrent Darllington arrray IC. IIt
containns seven open
o colllector Darrlington pairs
p withh commonn emitterss.
A Darllington paair is an arrangeme
a ent of two
o bipolar transistorrs.
ULN2003 belongs to the family of ULN200X series of ICs. Different
versions of this family interface to different logic families. ULN2003
is for 5V TTL, CMOS logic devices. These ICs are used when driving
a wide range of loads and are used as relay drivers, display drivers,
line drivers etc. ULN2003 is also commonly used while driving
Stepper Motors.
Bridge Rectifier
A diodde is a semicond
s ductor deevice whiich allow
ws currennt to flow
w
through
h it in only
o onee directioon. Althoough a trransistor is also a
semicoonductor device, it
i does noot operatte the waay a diodde does. A
diode is
i specifically mad
de to alloow curren
nt to flow
w through
h it in onlly
one dirrection. Some
S ways in whhich the diode
d cann be used are listeed
here.
Light emitting
e diode
Regulator (lm7805)
Electricity flow
ws throughh a materrial carried by elecctrons, tin
ny chargeed
particlees insidee atoms Broadlyy speakinng, materrials thaat conducct
electriccity well are oness that alloow electrrons to fl
flow freelly througgh
them. In metalls, for exxample, the atom
ms are locked intoo a solidd,
crystalline struucture (aa bit likke a meetal clim
mbing fraame in a
playgroound). Although
A m
most of tthe electrrons insidde these atoms arre
fixed in place, some can swaarm throuugh the structuree carryinng
electriccity with them. Th
hat's why metals arre good conductor
c rs: a metaal
puts up
u relativ
vely little resistance to eleectrons flowing
f th
hrough it.
Plastic are entirrely differrent. Althhough often solid, they don't have thhe
same crystalline
c e structurre. Their moleculees (whichh are typiically verry
long, repetitive chains caalled polyymers) aree bonded together in such a
Way that the electrons inside the atoms are fully occupied. There are,
This is all a little vague for a subject like electronics, which requires
precise control of electric currents. That's why we define resistance
more precisely as the voltage in volts required making a current of 1
amp flow through a circuit. If it takes 500 volts to make 1 amp flow,
the resistance is 500 ohms (written 500 Ω). The relationship written
out as a mathematical equation:
V=I×R
“As Attached”
Software Requirement
processor acts as the brain, and embedded software forms its soul. It
is the embedded software which primarily governs the functioning of
embedded systems.
were developed using assemblers and fused into the EPROMs. There
but they were too costly and were not quite reliable as well.
The circuit has an smoke sensor. This sensor measures the content of
current change, we get the different values from the sensor. Output of
sound.
Conclusion
can be easily implemented in mall and office. Thus we can reduce the
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