Department of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics Laboratory Manual Iii Year / V Semester

Dynamics Laboratory Manual
DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

DYNAMICS LABORATORY MANUAL
III YEAR / V SEMESTER
Name of the student :

Branch / Section :
Roll Number :
Prepared by
V Sathrudhan Choudhary,M.E
Asst Professor/Mechanical
Dhaanish Ahmed Institute of Technology
Coimbatore 641105
Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 1

GENERAL INSTRUCTION
 All the students are instructed to wear protective uniform, shoes & identity
card before entering into the laboratory.
 Before starting the exercise, students should have a clear idea about the
principal of that exercise
 All the students are advised to come with completed record and corrected
observation book of previous experiment.
 Don't operate any instrument without getting concerned staff member's prior
permission.
 The entire instrument is costly. Hence handle them carefully, to avoid fine for
any breakage.
 Utmost care must be taken to avert any possible injury while on laboratory
work. In case, anything occurs immediately report to the staff members.
 One student from each batch should put his/her signature during receiving the
instrument in instrument issue register.
Student’s Signature

CONTENTS
Marks Signature
Ex. No. Date Name of the Experiment (20) of staff
1. Study of Gear parameters
2.
Study of Kinematics of mechanisms
3. Determine moment of inertia of unknown member by
using the Turn table apparatus.
4. Determine the speed at which cam jump occur for
various spring loading condition.
5. Draw the displacement diagram experimentally for
various cam profiles and followers.
6.
Determine the critical(whirling) speed of the given rotor.
7. Determine the natural frequency of a cantilever beam by
applying Transverse vibration
8. Determine the Natural frequency of beam by deflection
method
9.
Determine the Gyroscope couple
10.
Determine sensitivity and effect of Watt Governor
11.
Determine sensitivity and effect of Porter Governor
12. Determine the natural frequency of spring mass system
and damping factor, Influence coefficient-Undamped
Free Vibration
13. Determine the natural frequency of spring mass system
and damping factor, Influence coefficient-Damped Free
vibration
14. Determine natural frequency of torsional vibration
theoretically experimentally in a Single rotor system.
15. Determine natural frequency of torsional vibration
theoretically experimentally in a two rotor system.
Total Average Marks

ANNA UNIVERSITY REGULATION : 2013

SYLLABUS - LIST OF EXPERIMENTS
1. a) Study of gear parameters.
b) Experimental study of velocity ratios of simple, compound, Epicyclic and differential gear
trains.
2. a) Kinematics of Four Bar, Slider Crank, Crank Rocker, Double crank, Double rocker,
Oscillating cylinder Mechanisms.
b) Kinematics of single and double universal joints.
3. a) Determination of Mass moment of inertia of Fly wheel and Axle system.
b) Determination of Mass Moment of Inertia of axisymmetric bodies using Turn Table
apparatus.
c) Determination of Mass Moment of Inertia using bifilar suspension and compound
pendulum.
4. Motorized gyroscope – Study of gyroscopic effect and couple.
5. Governor - Determination of range sensitivity, effort etc., for Watts, Porter, Proell, and
Hartnell Governors.
6. Cams – Cam profile drawing, Motion curves and study of jump phenomenon
7. a)Single degree of freedom Spring Mass System – Determination of natural Frequency and
verification of Laws of springs – Damping coefficient determination.
b) Multi degree freedom suspension system – Determination of influence coefficient.
8. a) Determination of torsional natural frequency of single and Double Rotor systems.-
Undamped and Damped Natural frequencies.
b) Vibration Absorber – Tuned vibration absorber.
9.Vibration of Equivalent Spring mass system – undamped and damped vibration.
10.Whirling of shafts – Determination of critical speeds of shafts with concentrated loads.
11. a) Balancing of rotating masses.
b) Balancing of reciprocating masses.
12. a) Transverse vibration of Free-Free beam – with and without concentrated masses.
b) Forced Vibration of Cantilever beam – Mode shapes and natural frequencies.
c) Determination of transmissibility ratio using vibrating table.

Ex. No: 01 STUDY OF GEAR PARAMETRS
Date:
Aim:
To Study the various gear parameters
Simple Gear Train:

A simple gear train uses two gears, which may be of different sizes. If one of these gears is
attached to a motor or a crank then it is called the driver gear. The gear that is turned by the
driver gear is called the driven gear.
Idler Gear:
When a simple gear train has three meshed gears, the intermediate gear between the
driver gear and the driven gear is called an idler gear.An idler gear does not affect the gear ratio
(velocity ratio) between the driver gear and the driven gear.
Compound Gear Train :

Compound gear trains involve several pairs of meshing gears. They are used where large
speed changes are required or to get different outputs moving at different speeds.
Gear ratios (or velocity ratios, VR) are calculated using the same principle as for simple gear
trains, i.e. VR = number of teeth on the driver gear divided by the number of teeth on the driven
gear. However, the velocity ratio for each pair of gears must then be multiplied together to
calculate the total velocity ratio of the gear train:
Total VR = VR1 x VR2 x VR3 x VR4….
𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐁/𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐀×𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐃/𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐂=𝐆𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨
Result:
 Thus the various gear parameters have been studied

Ex. No:02 STUDY OF KINEMATICS OF MECHANISM
Date:
Aim:
To Study the Kinematics of Mechanism
Four-Bar Linkage:
A four-bar linkage or simply a 4-bar or four-bar is the simplest movable linkage. It
consists of four rigid bodies (called bars or links), each attached to two others by single joints
or pivots to form a closed loop.Four-bars are simple mechanisms common in mechanical
engineering machine design and fall under the study of kinematics
Types of four-bar linkages, s = shortest link, ℓ = longest link
If each joint has one rotational degree of freedom (i.e., it is a pivot), then the
mechanism is usually planar, and the 4-bar is determinate if the positions of any two bodies
are known (although there may be two solutions). One body typically does not move (called
the ground link, fixed link, or the frame), so the position of only one other body is needed to
find all positions. The two links connected to the ground link are called grounded links. The
remaining link, not directly connected to the ground link, is called the coupler link. In terms
of mechanical action, one of the grounded links is selected to be the input link, i.e., the link
to which an external force is applied to rotate it. The second grounded link is called the
follower link, since its motion is completely determined by the motion of the input
link.Planar four-bar linkages perform a wide variety of motions with a few simple parts.
They were also popular in the past due to the ease of calculations, prior to computers,
compared to more complicated mechanisms.

Grashof's law is applied to pinned linkages and states; The sum of the shortest and
longest link of a planar four-bar linkage cannot be greater than the sum of remaining two
links if there is to be continuous relative motion between the links. Below are the possible
types of pinned, four-bar linkages
Double crank or crank-crank

 It has the shortest link of the four bar mechanism configured as fixed link or the frame.
 If one of the pivoted links is rotated continuously, the other pivoted link will also rotate
continuously.
 If double crank mechanism is also called a drag link mechanism
Crank rocker:
 It has the shortest link of the four bar mechanism configured adjacent to the frame.
 If this shortest link is continuously rotated the output link will oscillate between limits.
Thus the shortest link is called the crank; the output link is called the rocker.
Double rocker:
The double rocker or rocker-rocker, it has the link opposite the shortest link of the four
bar mechanism configured as frame. In this configuration neither link connected to the frame
will be able to complete a full revolution. Thus, both input and output links are constrained to
oscillate between limits and called rocker. However, the coupler is able to complete a full
revolution.
Slider crank mechanism:

When one of the pairs of a four bar chain is replaced by a sliding pair, it becomes a
single slider crank chain or simply a slider crank chain. It is also possible to replace two sliding
pairs of a four bar chain to get a double slider crank chain In a slider may be passing through
the fixed pivoted O or may be displaced. The distance e between the fixed pivot O and the
straight line path of the slider is called the off-set and the chain so formed an off-set slider
crank chain.
Result:
 Thus the various Kinematics of Mechanism have been studied

Ex. No: 03 TURN TABLE
Date :
.Aim:
To determine moment of inertia of unknown member by using the torsional apparatus.
Theory:
The principle of working of equipment is determination of moment of inertia by torsional

vibration. This consists of a solid steel disc 300 mm diameter and 27 mm thick mounted on a
6.1 mm round rod 660 mm in length fixed at bottom. A bearing is provided below the disc to
avoid buckling of the rod.
Apparatus Required:
1. Experimental setup
2. connecting rod
Specification:
Disk: diameter – 300 mm: thickness – 27 mm, mass 15 kg, I1 = 0.16875 kg. mm2
Formula used:
 I1= qt12/4 I2 = qt22/4-I1
Where
 I1 is mass moment of inertia of Disc
 I2 is mass moment of inertia of object ( flywheel, connecting rod)
 T1 is time taken for one oscillation of disc
 T1 is time taken for one oscillation of disc with object

 q is torsional stiffness of the rod.
Torsional stiffness of rod ,q =GJ/L

 G – modulus of rigidity
 J – polar moment of inertia = d4 ,where d is wire dia = 6.1 mm
 L – length of the polish rod = 660 mm.
Procedure:
The following are the procedure adapted in the determination of moment of inertia of a member.
 Give angular twist to the disc and measure period (t1) for one oscillation.
 Find out the mass moment of inertia of the disc using formula I1 =qt12/4
 Compare with theoretical value of the disc using the formula,Mass moment of inertia of
disc, =mr2/2
 Take an object Place it on centre of marking and find time taken for one oscillation(t2).
 Find out the mass moment of inertia of the disc and test object using formula given,
I2 = qt22/4-I1
Tabulation:
Time taken for one revolution in seconds
Trials Disc Object Mass moment of Inertia of

object
1.
2.
3.
Model Calculation:
 Time taken for one revolution (t1)of disc is find out ( about five readings.)
 Now mass moment of inertia of test mass is find out by following steps.
If I2 is the moment of inertia of member, (I1 can be taken as 0. 0.1624 kg. m2)

Result:
Thus torsional oscillation equipment is tested and also mass moment of inertia of
unknown object is found out.

Ex. No:04 CAM JUMP PHENOMENON
Date :
Aim:
To determine the speed at which cam jump occur for various spring loading condition.
Experimental Setup:
Apparatus Required:
 Experimental setup
 Spring.
Formula Used:
where,
 d is compression length of spring. = c + lift = c + ( 2 e)
 c is initial compression, in mm
 e is eccentricity of cam. in mm
Where
 g = 9.81 N,
 e = 0.006 m,

 K =0.505 N/mm
 m =0.292 Kg, are constant value.
Only is variable.
Stiffness of spring, K =Gd4/8D3n in N/mm

(Take G = 0.8 × 105 N/mm2)
(coil dia(d) = 1.5mm, D = 26 mm, number of coil n =18)
Procedure:
 Measure the dimensions of the spring such as d, D, n, free length (d and D in mm).
 Calculate the stiffness of the spring.
 Calculate critical speed for with out spring.
 Now start the motor without spring and find out the actual critical speed and compare
with theoretical value.
 Then place spring and give initial compression to c = 0 mm. Find actual critical speed
and compare with theoretical value.
 Do the above procedure for various initial compression to the spring (c = no of revolution
of bolt X pitch of bolt).
Tabulation:
Dimension of the specimen:
Sr. Actual Cam Jump

C in mm δ= c + (2 x e) Theoretical
No Speed in mm values of N
1.
2.
3.

Model Calculation:
Result:
Thus the speed is determined by the cam jump occur.

Ex. No :05 CAM STUDY MODEL
Date :
Aim:
To draw the displacement diagram experimentally for various cam profiles and followers.
Theory:
This consists of a bevel gear box with 1:1 gear ratio. On horizontal shaft, the cam is
mounted. The follower will have vertical movement. The vertical movement is traced on a
paper placed on the drum, mounted on vertical shaft. The obtained graph can be verified with
diagram obtained by graphical construction.
Apparatus Required:
 Flat and roller followers
 Cam profiles
Procedure:
 Take a tracing paper of size 40 Cm × 15 Cm.
 Use scale for x axis, as 1 Cm = 10o of rotation of Cam.
 Take height of lift as 10 Cm.
 Plot displacement diagram for given Cam profile.
 Fix graph paper on drum.
 Set 0o as starting point of lift.
 Give gradual rotation to Cam and plot displacement diagram on graph.
 Compare solution obtained by graphical method
 Do this for other cam profile and followers

Result:
The displacement diagrams are drawn for given followers and various cams.

EX. NO :06 WHIRLING OF SHAFT
DATE :
AIM:
To determine the critical(whirling) speed of the given rotor.

EXPERIMENTAL SETUP:
This consists of a shaft y diameter‘d’ and central mass ‘m’. The shaft is supported on two
bearings and distance between bearings can be adjusted. The shaft is driven by a variable speed
motor with speed indicator. The whole arrangement is mounted on a bed.
SPECIFICATION:
 Shaft diameter = 8 mm
 Maximum Shaft length(between centre) = 750 mm.
 Rotor diameter = 110 mm
 Rotor thickness =14 mm.
 Rotor weight (m) = 1 kg.

APPARATUS REQUIRED:
PROCEDURE:
 Initially set the bearing block at last hole so that it will be maximum centre distance
between pedestals as mm.
 Calculate lateral stiffness of shaft considering thus as both end fixed beam

 Calculate critical speed of shaft Nc = wn ´ (60/2p)
 Run the shaft and gradually increase speed.
 Note the critical speed by observing amplitude of rotor.
 Increase the speed and ensure that amplitude decreases.
 CAUTION: DO NOT RUN THE SHAFT LONGER TIME AT CRITICAL SPEED.
 Do this for centre distance variance of 25 mm, 50 mm…( pitch of the hole was 25 mm)
TABULATION:
S. No L ( length of shaft
NC (rpm) (calculated) NC (rpm) (observed)
between centre)
1.
2.
3.
RESULT:
 Thus the critical speed of given rotor is determined.

Ex. No : 07 TRANSVERSE VIBRATION
Date :
Aim:
To determine the natural frequency of a cantilever beam.

Apparatus Required:
Experimental setup
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Formula:
Theoretical natural frequency
Actual natural frequency n,act =2πN/60
Keywords and notations:

 Theoretical natural frequency, n, in cps

 Actual natural frequency n,act , in cps

 Deviation = (n-n,act) X 100 in %.
 Youngs modulus of rigidity, E = 2 105 N/mm2

Area moment of inertia, I = 1/12 B D3 in mm4
 Breadth, B in mm.
 Thickness T in mm.
 Mean length of bar, L in mm.
 Mass of bar (flat beam), m1 in kg
 Mass of motor & its base, m2 in kg
 Correction factor, K = L load/L.
 Length between pivot and Loading point, Lload
Procedure:
 Measure cross section of beam.

 Weigh the mass on the beam.
 Fix at known distance and vary the speed of motor.
 Observe speed at which amplitude is maximum.
 Increase speed for this and ensure that amplitude is less at higher speed.
 Do this for various values of ‘L’ and compare with calculated value.
 calculate theoretical frequency n
 Find actual frequency of the system n,act = 2N/60.
 Compare theoretical with actual value.
Tabulation: 1
Actual
natural
Length K Actual
frequency,
Lload (correction speed
n,act
in mm factor for N
length) in rpm =2N/60.
= Lload/L

Model Calculation:

Result:
 Thus the natural frequency are determined by given transverse vibration.

Ex. No :08 FREE BEAM
Date :
Aim:
Natural frequency of beam by deflection method

Apparatus Required:
 Experimental setup
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Formula Used:
Natural Frequency, n =K/m

where, m = mass of the system = mass of bar+ hanger + weight added
K = stiffness of bar =P/y
P is load applied on the bar.
Y is deflection measured from the dial gauge.
Procedure:
 Measure cross section of beam.
 Weigh the mass on the beam.
 Fix at known distance.
 Fix the dial gauge in particular position.
 Now place the hanger and find deflection of beam.

 Find actual frequency of the system n =√K/M

 Do it for various weights and various position of hangers .
Tabulation:
frequency
Length Weight Weight Deflection Stiffness of the
Weight on the
S.No Lload added in added in of beam y of bar system
bar
in mm hanger 1 hanger 2 in mm (K) n =√K/M
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Model Calculation:

Result:
 Thus the natural frequency are determined by given free beam setup.

Ex. No :09 MOTORISED GYROSCOPE
Date :
Aim:
To determine the active and reactive gyroscopic couples and compare them.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP : -
Apparatus Required:
 Gyroscope
 Tachometer
 Variable voltage transformer
SPECIFICATIONS
1) Weight of Rotor (W) : 2.7 Kgs or 2.7 x 9.81 N

2) Rotor Diameter (D) : 20 cm ( 0.20 mtr)
3) Rotor Thickness : 10 cm ( 0.10 mtr)
4) Moment of inertia of the disc, coupling and motor rotor about central axis (I) : W x D 2/g x 8

: 0.1376 kg.cm.sec2
5) Distance of bolt of weight pan from disc center (L) : Gyro :- 14Cm
6) Motor : AC/DC, Fractional HP, Single Phase, 2800 rpm.
7) Weights - a) 0.27Kgs b) 0.485Kgs. c) 0.7Kgs.
Procedure:
 Switch on the supply.

 Set the require speed of the regulator as constant.
 Add the load as ½ kg, 1kg etc.
 Angle of precision i.e. Measured.
 Loose the lock screw, start the stop watch and note down.
 Watch the particular interval and time.
 Take the reading n different load.
 Repeat the equipment maintaining load as constant and varying the speed.
 Do the calculation.
TABULATIONS
Speed Load Time Tact

Sr. Degrees Tth
N (w ) (dt) sec P (rad/sec) (Kg.cm) (Kg.cm)
No. (dø )
(RPM) Kgs
1.
2.
3.
MODEL CALCULATIONS
Tactual = I x  x P, where (Kg.cm)

Tact = Gyroscopic Couple
I = M.I. of disc Kg.cm.sec2
 = Angular velocity of precession of disc in radians per second
 = 2πN /60= πN/30 rad/sec
P= Angular velocity of precession of yoke about vertical axis- radians per second.
dø/ dt X π/180 rad/sec
Tactual = I x  x P Kg.cm
L = Distance of weight
Tth = w.L (Kg.cm.) w = weight applied in kgs.
P is to be calculated for short duration of time, as the balance of rotation of disc about the
horizontal axis YY is due to application of torque, and because of which P goes on reducing
gradually.
Results:
It is found that the equation T = I x  x p is verified.

Ex. No :10 WATT GOVERNOR
Date :
Aim:
To determine the speed and sensitivity of the Watt Governor

Apparatus Required:
 Watt governor set up.

 Tachometer
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Formula Used:
 Length of each link - L = 0.125 m.

 Initial height of Governor – ho= 0.105 m.
 Initial radius of rotation – ro = 0.120 m.
 Weight of each ball - W = 0.6 kgs.
 Radius of rotation `r` at any position could be found as follows
 Height h = h0 – (x / 2) in m
 α = cos-1 (h / L) in deg
 r = 0.05 + L sin α
 Angular velocity, ω = (2πN / 60) in rad/s
 Speed of Governor, N = √(895/h) rpm
 Sensitivity= N / (N2-N1)

 Force F = (w/g) X ω2 X r (kg.f)

Procedure:
 Keep the knob of the dimmerstat in zero position before switching on the main supply.
 Switch on the main supply and gradually go on increasing the speed of the motor. Due to
this the center sleeve rises from the lower stop aligning with the marking on the scale.
This is initial lift of the sleeve.
 Note down the readings of the sleeve position and speed for this initial lift. Speed of the
motor is to be measured by hand tachometer, from the counter hole provided on the
spindle.
 Then increase the speed in steps to give suitable sleeve movement and note down the
readings of sleeve displacement and the corresponding speed. All the readings are to be
entered in a tabular observation table.
 This procedure is adopted for all the other three Governor mechanisms by properly
fitting the assembly to the spindle shaft.
 After completing the experiment bring the knob of the dimmerstat to its original position
i.e. zero slowly and gradually. Then switch off the main supply.
 Then the results may be plotted as.
 The graph of speed v/s sleeve displacement for Watt, Porter & Proell Governor.
 Plot the graph of speed v/s governor height for Watt Governor.
 Plot the Governor characteristic after doing the necessary calculations.
Tabulation:
Sleeve Radius of Force

Speed Height
Displacement rotation F = (W/g) x w2 r
S.No.
N rpm X in meter h in m r in m in Kgf
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Following graphs to be plotted :

a) Force Vs Radius of rotation.
b) Speed Vs Sleeve Displacement.
Model Calculation:
Result:
 At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and
sensitivity are calculated.

Ex. No :11 PORTER GOVERNOR
Date :
Aim:
To determine the speed and sensitivity of the porter governor.

Apparatus Required:
 Porter governor.
 Tachometer.
 Weight.
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Formula Used:
 Length of each link - L = 0.125 m.

 Initial height of Governor – ho= 0.105 m.
 Initial radius of rotation – ro = 0.120 m.
 Weight of each ball - W = 0.6 kgs.
 Weight of Sleeve weight = 0.5 kgs.
 Radius of rotation `r` at any position could be found as follows
 Height h = h0 – (x / 2) in m , h0= 0.10 m

 α = cos-1 (h / L) in deg
 r = 0.05 + L sin α
 Angular velocity, ω = (2πN / 60) in rad/s
 Speed of Governor, N = √(895/h) rpm
 Sensitivity= N / (N2-N1)
 Force F = (w/g) ω2 r (kg.f)
Procedure:
 Keep the knob of the dimmerstat in zero position before switching on the main supply.
 Switch on the main supply and gradually go on increasing the speed of the motor. Due to
this the center sleeve rises from the lower stop aligning with the marking on the scale.
This is initial lift of the sleeve.
 Note down the readings of the sleeve position and speed for this initial lift. Speed of the
motor is to be measured by hand tachometer, from the counter hole provided on the
spindle.
 Then increase the speed in steps to give suitable sleeve movement and note down the
readings of sleeve displacement and the corresponding speed. All the readings are to be
entered in a tabular observation table.
 This procedure is adopted for all the other three Governor mechanisms by properly
fitting the assembly to the spindle shaft.
 After completing the experiment bring the knob of the dimmerstat to its original position
i.e. zero slowly and gradually. Then switch off the main supply.
 Then the results may be plotted as.
 The graph of speed v/s sleeve displacement for Watt, Porter & Proell Governor.
 Plot the graph of speed v/s governor height for Watt Governor.
 Plot the Governor characteristic after doing the necessary calculations.
Tabulation:
Sleeve Radius of Force

Speed Height
Displacement rotation F = (W/g) x w2 r
S.No.
N rpm X in meter h in m r in m in Kgf
1.
2.
3.

4.
5.
Following graphs to be plotted :
a) Force Vs Radius of rotation.
b) Speed Vs Sleeve Displacement.
Model Calculation:
Result:
 At different motor speed the sleeve lift are noted and corresponding governor speed and
sensitivity are calculated.

Ex. No :12 UNDAMPED FREE VIBRATION OF SPRING MASS SYSTEM
Date :
Aim:
To determine the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor,
Influence coefficient.
Apparatus Required:
 Electronic timer
 Spring mass 2nos
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Formula Used:
 Stiffness of spring K=Gd4/8D3n

 Natural frequency n ==√K/M
 Damping frequency d =2td
 Damping factor ==√1-(d/n)2
 Influence coefficient c = 2 m n
 Stiffness of spring, K
 Rigidity modulus, G = 0.8X105 kg/mm2
 Coil diameter, d
 Mean diameter of coil, D = outer diameter – coil diameter
 Number of turns n
 Natural frequency n
 Mass attached , m in kg
 Damping frequency, d
 Time taken for one oscillation of mass, td
 Damping factor, 
 Influence coefficient, c
Procedure:
 Keep one spring & mass only
 Keep proximity switch at equilibrium position of mass
 Give 50 mm deflection to mass
 Measure cycle time for vibration, td calculate d=2td
 Calculate K=Gd4/8D3n
 Find natural frequency of spring for mass ‘ m ’ ,n ==√K/M
 Find Damping factor ==√1-(d/n)2
 Do the above step for other springs also.
Tabulation:
Time
Weight
S.No
added
taken for 
d  c
oscillation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Model Calculation:

Result:
 Thus natural frequency of various springs and damping coefficient are found out

Ex. No :13 DAMPED FREE VIBRATION OF SPRING MASS SYSTEM
Date :
Aim:
To determine the natural frequency of spring mass system and damping factor,
Influence coefficient.
Apparatus Required:
 Electronic timer
 Spring mass 2nos
EXPERIMENTAL SETUP
Formula Used:
 Stiffness of spring K=Gd4/8D3n

 Natural frequency n ==√K/M
 Damping frequency d =2td
 Damping factor ==√1-(d/n)2
 Influence coefficient c = 2 m n
 Stiffness of spring, K
 Rigidity modulus, G = 0.8X105 kg/mm2
 Coil diameter, d
 Mean diameter of coil, D = outer diameter – coil diameter
 Number of turns n
 Natural frequency n

 Mass attached , m in kg
 Damping frequency, d
 Time taken for one oscillation of mass, td
 Damping factor, 
 Influence coefficient, c
Procedure:
 Keep one spring & mass only
 Keep proximity switch at equilibrium position of mass
 Place the damper in touching position
 Give 50 mm deflection to mass
 Measure cycle time for vibration, td calculate d=2td
 Calculate K=Gd4/8D3n
 Find natural frequency of spring for mass ‘ m ’ ,n ==√K/M
 Find Damping factor ==√1-(d/n)2
 Do the above step for other springs also.
Tabulation:
Time
Weight
S.No
added
taken for 
d  c
oscillation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Model Calculation:

Result:
 Thus natural frequency of various springs and damping coefficient are found out

Ex. No :14 DETERMINE NATURAL FREQUENCY OF TORSIONAL VIBRATION IN SINGLE ROTOR SYSTEM
Date :
Aim:
To determine natural frequency of torsional Vibration in single rotor System

Apparatus Required:
 Vibration machine
 Shaft
 Chuck
 Stop watch
Formula Used:
T theo =2π√ I/Kt
Procedure:
 Fix the bracket at convenient position along the tower beam.
 Grip one end of the shaft at bracket by the chuck.
 Fix other end of shaft in the rotor.
 Twist the motor rotor to some angle and then release.
 Note down the time for no. of oscillations.
 Repeat the procedure for different length of shaft.
Tabulation:
Length
No. of Time Tth Texp
S.No Of K
oscillation
Shaft
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Model Calculation:
Result:
 The natural frequency of the torsional vibration in single rotor system is ----------------Hz

Ex. No :15 DETERMINE NATURAL FREQUENCY OF TORSIONAL VIBRATION IN TWO ROTOR SYSTEM
Date :
Aim:
To determine natural frequency of torsional vibration theoretically experimentally in a

two rotor system.
Apparatus Required:
 Two rotor disc

 Shaft
 Chuck
 Stop watch
Formula Used:
T theo =2π√ I/Kt
Procedure:
 Fix two disc of the shaft and fit the shaft in the bearing.
 Deflect the disc in opposite direction by hand and then release.
 Note down the time required for particular number of oscillations.
 Fit cross arm to one end of the disc and again note down the time.
 Repeat the procedure with different and equal masses attached to the ends of cross arm
and note down the time.
Tabulation:
θb Length of No. of Time Tth Texp
S.No K
Shaft oscillation
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.

Model Calculation:
Result:
 The natural frequency of the torsional vibration in Two rotor system is ----------------Hz

Department of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics Laboratory Manual Iii Year / V Semester

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Department of Mechanical Engineering Dynamics Laboratory Manual Iii Year / V Semester

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Dynamics Laboratory Manual

DEPARTMENT OF MECHANICAL ENGINEERING

Name of the student :

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 1

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 2

Total Average Marks

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 3

ANNA UNIVERSITY REGULATION : 2013

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 4

Ex. No: 01 STUDY OF GEAR PARAMETRS

Simple Gear Train:

Compound Gear Train :

𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐁/𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐀×𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐃/𝐍𝐨 𝐨𝐟 𝐭𝐞𝐞𝐭𝐡 𝐨𝐧 𝐂=𝐆𝐞𝐚𝐫 𝐑𝐚𝐭𝐢𝐨

 Thus the various gear parameters have been studied

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 5

Ex. No:02 STUDY OF KINEMATICS OF MECHANISM

Types of four-bar linkages, s = shortest link, ℓ = longest link

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Double crank or crank-crank

Slider crank mechanism:

 Thus the various Kinematics of Mechanism have been studied

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Ex. No: 03 TURN TABLE

The principle of working of equipment is determination of moment of inertia by torsional

 I1= qt12/4 I2 = qt22/4-I1

 T1 is time taken for one oscillation of disc with object

Torsional stiffness of rod ,q =GJ/L

Trials Disc Object Mass moment of Inertia of

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Ex. No:04 CAM JUMP PHENOMENON

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Stiffness of spring, K =Gd4/8D3n in N/mm

Dimension of the specimen:

Sr. Actual Cam Jump

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Thus the speed is determined by the cam jump occur.

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Ex. No :05 CAM STUDY MODEL

 Flat and roller followers

 Take a tracing paper of size 40 Cm × 15 Cm.

 Use scale for x axis, as 1 Cm = 10o of rotation of Cam.

 Take height of lift as 10 Cm.

 Plot displacement diagram for given Cam profile.

 Fix graph paper on drum.

 Set 0o as starting point of lift.

 Give gradual rotation to Cam and plot displacement diagram on graph.

 Compare solution obtained by graphical method

 Do this for other cam profile and followers

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EX. NO :06 WHIRLING OF SHAFT

To determine the critical(whirling) speed of the given rotor.

 Maximum Shaft length(between centre) = 750 mm.

 Rotor diameter = 110 mm

 Rotor thickness =14 mm.

 Rotor weight (m) = 1 kg.

Department of Mechanical Engineering Page 15

 Calculate critical speed of shaft Nc = wn ´ (60/2p)

 Run the shaft and gradually increase speed.

 Note the critical speed by observing amplitude of rotor.

 Increase the speed and ensure that amplitude decreases.

 CAUTION: DO NOT RUN THE SHAFT LONGER TIME AT CRITICAL SPEED.

 Thus the critical speed of given rotor is determined.