COMPOUND AMOUNT PROPERTIES USE HAZARD

248.28 g/mol
Sudan I C16H12N2O
Hazardous in
brick red crystals
case of skin
MP: 131°C
to be synthesized contact (irritant,
soluble in ethanol, acetone, ether,
from aniline and 2- sensitizer), of eye
pet ether, carbon disulfide, concd
naphthol contact (irritant),
HCl, and benzene; insol in water
of ingestion, of
max absorbption in etOH: 514-
inhalation
516NM
λmax 418 nm

C10H8O
144.17 g/mol
2-naphthol colorless crystalline solid
faint phenol-like odor starting material for Harmful when
MP: 121-123°C the synthesis of inhaled or
BP: 285°C Sudan 1 swallowed
Soluble in water, alcohol, ether,
chloroform, glycerol, oils, alkaline
solutions

Contact may
sodium hydroxide, caustic soda severely irritate
to be used for the
39.997 g/mol skin, eyes, and
preparation of the
white crystalline odorless solid, mucous
NaOH sodium 2-
hygroscopic membranes.
naphtholate
MP: 318°C Corrosive to
solution
soluble in water, ethanol metals and
tissue.

C6H5NH2
Aniline 93.129 g/mol
colourless oily liquid with carcinogenic
to be used in the
characteristic odour. turns brown on produces toxic
synthesis of the
exposure to air or light. oxides of
diazonium salt
MP: -6°C nitrogen during
(benzenediazonium
BP: 184°C combustion
chloride)
slightly soluble in water
Miscible in ethanol, ethyl ether,
benzene and acetone

HCl
to be used in the
colorless, transparent liquid
muriatic acid synthesis of the highly corrosive
36.458g/mol
diazonium salt
BP: -85.1°C
 sodium nitrate
NaNO2 68.9953 g/mol
toxic if
white or slightly yellowish solid to be used in the
swallowed. may
MP: 271°C synthesis of the
intensify fire;
Sol in water; moderately sol in diazonium salt
oxidizer
methanol; sparingly soluble in
diethyl ether

CH4N2O
60.06 g/mol
Urea can cause skin
white crystalline solids
irritation when in
may gradually develop slight odor of to be used in the
contact. may also
ammonia, esp in presence of synthesis of the
cause respiratory
moisture diazonium salt
irritation when
MP: 133-135 °C
inhaled.
Very soluble in water; Soluble in
ethanol

CH3CH2OH
46.069 g/mol
clear colorless liquid with a highly flammable,
ethanol characteristic vinous odor and harmful if
pungent taste for recrystallization swallowed. can
BP: 78.2 °C of sudan 1 cause eye
MP: -114.1 °C irritation when in
soluble in water contact.
Miscible with ethyl ether, acetone,
chloroform; soluble in benzene

C6H5ClN2
benzenediazonium 140.57 g/mol
chloride diazonium salt. to
colorless crystals The compound is
be used in diazo
soluble in water, hydroscopic explosive.
coupling
MP: decomposes
BP: decomposes
Table 1. Formation of benzenediazonium chloride (diazotization)

STEP OBSERVATION

mL aniline

aniline + 0.50 mL conc’d HCl

aniline, conc’d HCl + 1mL dH2O

warm, agitate reaction mixture

cool in an ice bath 0-5°C

g NaNO2

NaNO2 + 1mL dH2O (sodium nitrite soln)

add dropwise to acidic aniline while stirring

addition of small crystals of urea

Table 2. Azo coupling of benzenediazonium chloride and 2-naptholate

STEP OBSERVATION
g 2-napthol

2-naphthol + 1mL 3M NaOH

cool in ice bath

add small crushed ice cube

dropwise addition of diazonium salt

cool in ice bath for 15 mins with occasional

agitation
Table 3. Isolation and purification of crude product

STEP OBSERVATION
filter reaction mixture thru suction
filtrate
residue
wash with cold dH2O

dry crude product

RECRYSTALLIZATION

dissolve in minimal amount ethanol

slightly heat in hot water bath

cool to room temperature

filter solids through suction
filtrate
residue
dry pure product

Table 4. Product determination

VALUE
g watchglass + filter paper
g watchglass + filter paper + product
g product
theoretical yield
% yield

Table 5. Melting point determination

MELTING POINT MELTING POINT

COMPOUND
solids start to melt all solids dissolved RANGE