he dream of flying is as old as mankind itself.

However, the concept of the airplane has only been around for
two centuries. Before that time, men and women tried to
navigate the air by imitating the birds. They built wings to strap
onto their arm or machines with flapping wings
called ornithopters. On the surface, it seemed like a good
plan. After all, there are plenty of birds in the air to show that
the concept does work.
The first successful powered airplane airplane was
created by Wilburand Orville Wright in 1903 with a gasoline
powered engine. Before this it isthought Leonardo Da Vinci was
the first to come up with the idea of flight inthe late 1400s.
Before the wright brothers there were balloons and gliders.The
Wright brothers plane was named The Wright Flyer. It started
the ideathat planes could be used for longer range
transportation.
WORLD WAR I
 Guns added to planes

 Manually operated

 Bombing

 Ineffective

 Led to larger twin-engined planes

 Stimulus to advance technology

 Kick-started civil aviation

 1919 – 1st Trans-Atlantic crossing

 Converted Vickers Vimy bomber

 1931-World Speed Record

• Change occurs faster when need is greater

• Advances in civil aviation evolve from military technology

 Bigger

 Faster
҉In
first aeronautical exhibition organized by Royal
aeronautical society of Great Britain
a beautiful triplane model submitted by stringfellow
weighted with of boiler 6kg
҉The model ran along with wire stretched with the ground
҉This was the first experiment of a steam engine
҉H.P=0.75kw
҉Samuel porpoint & secratory of Smithsonian institute
designed many types of aerodromes
҉It can fly up to 3300 feet
҉It has stem engine which contains two propeller
҉The two propeller rotate in opposite direction one in
clock wise and other in anticlockwise
҉If two propeller rotate in same direction then torque
&damped vibration are produced
҉Langley produced first gasoline engine with her
assistants Charles mangley of 52.4H.P
҉Wright brothers are first invented the ailerons used to
increase the flow of flight and also designed a 6 feet
wind tunnel
҉They invented more than 200 designs
҉Wright Brothers tested all the invented flight by the help
of 6 feet wind tunnel
҉Types of wind tunnel
1.Sub sonic ; m=1
2.super sonic ; m>1
3.hyper sonic ;m>25
҉m is called as MAC NUMBER
҉They invented 5 feet glider
then 14 ,, ,,
then 22 ,, ,,
then 32 ,, ,, with vertical rudder
҉Their first successful model is Flyer -1
҉Design = Biplane
҉Constructed by wood , fabric , steel plane , fittings
҉Ailerons = lateral control
҉Propeller is run by piston engine
҉Empennage at tail
҉single pilot with cockpit in fuselage
҉instrument - airspeed , altimeter , engine RPM ,
magnetic compass
 Hybridisation
 Plane  Helicopter

 Pros:

 Removes need for runway

 Cons:

 High fuel consumption

 Low speed

 Helicopter evolves too

 Chinook

 VTOL
 Evolved from car engines

 Lighter

 Higher volume

 Higher power

 Air-cooled

 Carb-heat

 2 Magnetos

 Increasing market

 More pollution

 Health issues become important

• Air Deccan

• Air-India Express

• Air India The Domestic Aviation Market Share

• Air Sahara 1%

• Go Air 2%
Jet airways
6%
• Indian Airlines 8% Indian
34%
8% Air Deccan
• IndiGo
Air Sahara
• Jet Airways Kingfisher
Spicejet
• Jet Lite 21%
20% Goair
• SpiceJet Others

• Paramount Airways

• Kingfisher
Future airplanes

future airplanes will make faster and more

comfortable for passengers, will have more passenger

capacity