Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Submitted by
Name
ID
Year & Semester
must be typed in the middle of (12 font size, Times New Roman, in single spacing and no bold or capitalized)
Note: No border (of any kind/size) shall be designed on the Cover/Title page. No page number shall be printed/ typed on the Cover/Title
page.
Content
[The contents shall be typed at the left side of the page and the right side of the page shall carry the page
numbers of the research report which shall appear in Roman numerical (small letter). Thereafter headings and
sub-headings (in bold and title case but no underline and no column after heading and/or sub-heading). The
same method is required to be followed till the Conclusion/Suggestion in the same order and in the same
methods. The last item in this sequence would be the annotated bibliography (brief details of the book, articles,
case comments, notes, review etc. for each and every references cited in the list), and if Appendix is necessary
that would appear after bibliography as a last item in the Table of Contents. The font size of these items would
be 12, in Times New Roman, no item would be bold or capitalized (only in Title case) and in single spacing.]
Case Laws Format in Table of Cases
Party A v. Party B citation (International Cases, Regional Cases and National Cases- Sorted
by A to Z). Table of Cases includes: name of both the parties in case of ordinary font size 12;
Times New Roman (Italics & title case) with v. (versus in italics) - in alphabetically order and
in one and half spacing. The citations of cases used in the report are not to be given in this list
as the citations have already been given in the report, so no repetition of citation is required.
Table of Statutes
Table of Statutes would appear immediately after the Table of Cases page and it includes:
title of the Statute, year of the Statute without any bold or italicized at the left side of the page
and at the right side of the page, page number of the research report would appear - where the
researcher has used or referred the Statute in the report - in chronological order and in one
and half spacing.
1947 – Los Angeles Air Pollution Control District created; first air pollution agency in the US.
1963 – Clean Air Act (amended in 1965, 1966, 1967, 1969, 1970, 1977, 1990)
1967 – California Air Resources Board established; set emissions standards predating EPA.
Table of Abbreviation would appear immediately after the Table of Statutes page and
it includes: all abbreviations (approved abbreviations in research only) and their explanations
without any bold or italicized at the left side of the page and at the right side of the page, page
number of the research report - where the researcher has used or referred the abbreviation in
the research report - in alphabetically order and in one and half spacing. An alphabetical
order should be maintained.
2. Another
Anr
Chapter
3.
Ch
4. Corpn. Corporation
5. CTC
Current Tamil Nadu Cases
6. Del
Delhi
9. JIPR
Journal of Intellectual Property Rights
10. Ltd
Limited
11. Mad.
Madras
12. Nag
Nagpur
13. OA
Original Application
14. Ors
Others
The Page Numbering
The page numbering on the Table of Cases, Table of Statutes, Table of Abbreviations and
Bibliography shall be in Roman numerical (in small letters) at the bottom of the each page,
and centre aligned.
The page number in English numerical starts from Introduction and ends with
Conclusion/Last Chapter, i.e., main research body.
If there is an Appendix attached to the research report after Bibliography, the Roman
numerical continues in the same order as on Bibliography till the end of Appendix (s).
• Setting objectives
• Formulation of hypothesis
Literature Review
A research question and hypothesis are similar in nature except for the aspect that a research
question does not predict the out come of the research where as a hypothesis predicts the out
come. Research questions are generally used in the exploratory research or in the areas where
a phenomenon is studied marginally. The research is carried to know indications rather than
causality. Hypothesis is a tentative, testable generalisation regarding the relationship between
variables.
Formulating research questions can be very difficult. Moving from topics to aims and
objectives can be useful step towards formulating research questions. Aims and objectives
provide more direction than do topics and can help the researcher, start thinking about exactly
what they want to achieve in their study.
An example of an objective and some corresponding research questions is
provided below:
Objective
To find out why certain individuals and groups adopt new technologies before others.
ResearchQuestions
1. What are the patterns of consumption of new technologies amongst different groups
of adults in the United Kingdom?
2. What reasons do different individuals provide for adopting or not adopting new
technologies?
It is often necessary to break down a single objective into more than one question. This
particular objective could have been broken down into three or even four questions. It is also
important to notice that the language in the research question is much more specific than in
the objective.Questions should always be ‘open ended’. Posing a question suggests that a
dialogue is unfinished and that the questioner seeks additional information.
A paper may be divided into sections with each of these dealing with a particular issue or a
part of the argument sought to be made so that the distinct parts of the argument are made
clear, and each of the research questions explored fully. Here, the substance of each part
should be described in brief so that the reader can understand the entire paper is tied up and
geared.
The entire paper needs to be linked together, starting from the sentences to the paragraphs to
the sections. Each part of the paper should lead to the next part of the paper. The transtitions
between different sections should be smooth rather than abrupt and sudden. The reader
should not be under the impression that the paper is merely jumping from one issue to
another without connecting the various elements with each other. A solution to this is to have
concluding paragraphs at the end of each section tie together all the issues discussed in one
part so as to give closure to that particular element of the argument. In legal projects, judicial
pronouncements need to be discussed to further one’s argument. Quotations may be used in
the paper. However, one should avoid over-quoting.
Conclusion
The conclusion is not a mere reproduction of the introduction. The conclusion is to tie all the
strands of the argument together and to put forward a coherent, lucid and reasoned
proposition. It is in the conclusion that the entire argument is brought together. It contains the
findings and suggestions if any.
Mode of Citation
2. The bibliography should not have any bullets or serial number to it. The bibliography
shall be divided in to different sections to indicate a set of resources used in the research
report, viz., (i) List of Books; (ii) List of Journal; (iii) List of Websites and any other
sources being used. The method of bibliography would be as under:
a. Bibliography of a Book authored:
i. By a single writer:
AshutoshMookerjee, MARRIAGE, SEPARATION AND DIVORCE, 3rd ed.
2002, Kamal Law House, Calcutta.
d. Bibliography of website:
Lon Fuller, “Morality of Law”,http://www.cac.psu.edu/jbe/twocot.html