Watter Benjamin SELECTED WRITINGS VOLUME 2 1927-1934 Translated by Rodney Livingstone and Others Edited by Michael W. Jennings, Howard Eiland, and Gary Smith THE BEIKNAP PRESS OF HARVARD UNIVERSITY PRESS Combe, Messochsets, ndLondos, England. 1999sos = 151 sebhat nena nc amet somes and sonialy ed work ‘Abe Stomon 991-1966, olga plical ssi, was ee of| ecient aa SS SESE et Sra areas n eons ‘esti Rws snd Bid sume of sca De ce ils aot een Sch ac ieee amen me moraramesaieg aula arene atom mcane Trade” (1933), i this volume. a Line History of Photography “The og tat surtnds he heiings of photography i noe ete a ick ss that which showy dhe eri dys of printing more obo than in the case of he printing pres perhaps the ne wasp forthe invention su was sensed by more than one~ly er wh sro indepenen foe these objective! yep the ings in theca sac wich Bad been know at eas since Lonard’ ine, Whey afer aboot Sve yeas of ‘os, bod Ngee and Dspace smutneoaly ase in Jong, the ste id by the patenting icles ecoanered by the twenty, ‘omed coal th ener snd mae pb, with cospemaon © the pioneers! This pve the may fora rapid ongeng develo which long prc ay backs lance. Thas tis that he hare 0 Yo like phowopicl ques sagged by the Hse 28 al of porch ave pout unbeed for decade And thy are Bec to eter 0 ances today, the debate rose for The ates wring | ‘he sae pine op he fac that the flowering of pherypapdy—che work ffl ad Cameos, go and Nadarcame Rie decade Ba hs tr the decade which peda it ndrrliatin, Not ha shri ‘Bidstae did wor appropriate the new tachaiqus fo gai sven ha ‘Si period inde thy io en ase, Bhat was lust thea Of the fargound, whet photography i a home shied than © Indie Industry made ns tre road wth te Wingard pre, tnhon ist manutcrares gna, hese a monn I wold ot espe ifthe phoeographi mets wich toa for he Bin ine, ‘charg bck tthe prendstal heyday of photostspy bad an unde. found connection with thee of cpa ndury. Butta doege ot post bjt, sch res bad ong fc, the ube of pune: Where he punang romana nthe posts of & parte family now and then someone would sk abo the pres ws wo = hme ru yo the ato th poco fap, ower thing new aod seange in lls Ne ven bie, ber in sich inden sce mosey ee Fenn somching tha goss eyo tsimony to te photoes om wt er same way the wornan Who wav alive thew, who een ow isl eal and wl cer coset to be whey avorbed a“ (Or you tun ap the pce of Dasher resp the father of he Px, rom thee of his eget that woman whom he ONE bis Moscow bousc with her veins slashed. Here she can be seen with He seme to be holding he Srl reaze to bat extent opposes toch, ee pe ‘chology en gies product 3 maga ae sachs» pated pau ve frat No tne how atl the pe ‘ater ow eacfally pe i subnet fee ‘th hich o speak) seared the spina ofthat lang oraten mame {es another notre which see to the camer sth than tothe ee valle eae bt space infra by an conse lace tht, for example, we have some sea what i avlned in ee at of ne fe nie sll what a yale a rte tec Of ht cf Protgeabypial uncoacouyjsas we dcover he nants consous hough prschonalss: Det of sate car tis, wth ech echnclgy tothe camer than the stoner ndscape othe soll porta. Yes the same re, photograny eel rs mate physogomi image worlds, wach del inthe smal things—rcannga ee covet out Bo kg place in walang est bt which, eld sd “Spal onion, uke the difernce ewe holy a age oihe a thocowhly tora varabs Thun, Blonde with: hs stoishing pane phorogespa” revel bef iRine wll 2 bitho' crser inthe oxich fem sue plein end Cnlarenne of cesta td np shoots and gre acy in he falls ‘Bae Hil sajocm, to, were probably ttf rr he ath ha they ‘decribed "the phenomenon of photography” el being "a Bet and tmytenous experene=ores fa themy thes wat ao moe than the ‘Cssiounes of "tanding efor deve wbih in she ce ie ook ‘pure the viable enirnment n'a pure dn ceed fel dle ‘oat "Iv has been sid of Hil amen ha i ep 4 cat sane Bat hi soja, fr het at 0 fers hey asin 5 Sera shes btoe the camera andthe water of phot Taper fom the yay ofthe ac Doo oak ate aera” sou Be ‘Srned fom dcr aide Bu tha dad not mess te They looking a you of anna ppl, an babies, which o discal pe te Tiger and vo which tc ro beer cont ha he way olf avendey tal aw daguteunyp"We did us oan ot he ene, tng tthe nr pictues He developed, We were abashed y he ‘dss of hese hams tes sol bee that he iy faces the pare oul see 30 powell was everyone aed bythe wa ted clay and the unarmed Silty (oso of oe fet dr The fi pope be reproduced ents the vital pace of photosenhy with the tanence itct-o rather, without aston, Newapapre ‘etl alumuy tem whch pope som bough, peering to com ‘hem inthe cles phenpanky ad not ye cine joni took andy pee had ye ose tse names ens Te ama Suita hada lence sb i wih the gees In shor be pra ft prin oe lf the shen feta bee ‘Sontemporey relevance and sbewgraphy. Many of His pore mere tad nthe Edinburgh Grea cemetery and png more haa tec of ths early pened, excep prtags che way ie sis were 3 home thr And ind the seer none f Hs cae ok Tike an terion «pra coef space where the patemnes popped aginst ae Walshe up fom the gas, bllwed ot ike caeypce,su 18 wih imtoo inside ited of aes. Bt this ei conldvever have Sons ite iba at hen conn on cl onde Te ow Teieectivay he eany plans made prolonged expose odor toi, Tin tu mae karl oak me sew some oo ‘Keway spr who hve wat o ob to que consson “The ‘pubs Chaar ofthe expesion which war cated by Be lng of ne te sbjet had trea s mays Ot of eay oeraphy. it {ie man eon tine phoogaphe pun rom thir spy eee setrawn or welhpind pars abd proce a move vid and ang ‘Doce on he lesan more sr toga The ree ited camed th ject fos fs en she memeber han baying Gm pst daring considerable prod the expose te sate (st Sto) ret the rn he harps coral appearances Shapaoc~atich appropate tt chnged ernment whee Keseaoer har apey tee the spt son the expose dries htc sporaman bs fame fh phos kg Uk psa forthe sated papers” Evething aout hse aly pcre stb la Not nthe nomparele rope nich people ce Together—and whose sppeatince was suey oe othe tse pecoe ‘Sots of what was hapeng in soccy the second bal Of he ‘ory bur evry oe a peal cos ave mar of permanence, ur cosidrSchling on ellly pin mor gh ii the shape thas borrowed fom fi were m0 swore Cr in een sds ht Bra von Beane ‘sik snc pooper of 1950 waa a wih Itrumese™—for he ft ine, oa ong whe the lat.” 5 ares he ll pact ade byte dagen the ae of is isco one shoals beara mind thst plo pining wa hen ‘ening op etl new pepe forthe st araned pets: Con ‘ous tat in tha very arr poogtaphy fad to ake the baton om Bln Argh Ta hit Baal revew of the sty anger ‘rove Bain Bela Pore exit commen “As egret produce by the inpst ranpaey of ot amosphre which has en TSoedy termed “amongber degraaton’, or een expeeced pines {Soest the camera obra”, the copying of imap appearing in “trp hen o ener actuate” At the momen when Dagiee sete eng eae of farms ch, pore eel so yoni pon wh cca The el nO Persp How fe, wastelands ping the pore miner Things ev ‘ped soapy tha by 1840 ow of the mame mie had steady bee pool photographer tt only dle, at ‘eforelong exc Hee he exer of i iil eon ood ‘hen godsend aa ttc soe chs thet ole ory of Potrahy = 5 reining a cafe that we hae to thank for he big let of ei ‘hotogapicschewenent. Tht tansonlgonestion sksppeael ery {eal nde hte se ohare Hees 2 kid of bib besay on {hose fist phororapers the Nady, teers Peso, apis al ed tral into hr sghes and nee Ia the end though, hones invaded professional potogiphy fo every si nd whe tron the Feroned ep, which was th bad pun erage on poor ‘rcumeubignton, a sary deli eset in This waste me Pho tegrph lbs came sto vogue, They were mom at home i he clit Spot, 08 scan tis or Hee stands a the drawing commer und ome wt repent tal hasp and thon pledged paps 2 tk Sr you Ber, where aay draped or sores figures were dpe {Vall Ate and Aunt Rikon ie Trl when she wes by, Papa inhi eter a unenty ad aly o make oa shame comple, sve ourlesas a patlor Tyrolean, yodeing, wavise ur bat before 2 Frise sowsape et x may tro el ding iy wth ‘right on on le, proper, ening gaits & led doe mh ‘The usar ued in these poate deals aod balsas sod Iie oval tbls ae sll smut the period whey beease of the lang expr nat ad to Be ien sports that hy ould tows And i at ss eal amps and Knew res week be sate, “amher inpediment wee soon add, sch 5 were to Be een fou Dninings and aero bao he aise’ Fie was plo crn” {The mone capable stare esting ths nonsense a ny a the T8608 As sn Englah ede oral of the ie pct in piting the pl hs some Plain bt he ey is ed i photography absurd since tually ‘Eandt ona cape, Bu anyone eas sett pls of are of Sone a for etetal on's foundation oi crpeting” Th was the pend of hose Utadon—wih hie draperies sd pln tes, dh tapsies an exe trhichocuped ae ambiguous late Beweenexccton abd seperation (weer tore chamber ad throne on ad 9 which am ely porta Katka ters paten mites. There the boy stands pebaps si rears ‘dyes up I hating tis childs sit oeroaded wih cin ‘ning nro rons landscape. The Bacgroun thik wth alm ond An! si tomate ths opolered opis eves ele ad more fppresne, the saber hole hs Tet hand an noel lange Boa ‘Ehmed at sath Spaniards eye He wold marly be ot is Sting ‘ere no fr his immeny ad eye whch dominate ths Lndsepe Fredonia for then “Tiptree infie snes forms a pena to the early photo ‘ap wich pope di nor yee oo ot atte wold in 0 ede hel gofoshen sana atts boy There was an ara about the, 2 mel thr fen filles aod ccs thi ge een pemetatedWI bs ale sary oF Fictpophy = 517 dat meio, And onc again the technical equivalent i iva cons ‘the sala continaun fam gti to darker Shao, Hes, te so aperaton the lw hat rw advances se eigen le schigy, tov he cra of porate dppeaesn, fa prods the srange ower ofthe mec. The mec pcs Was Of cone areca of epredacion, which was oul ler combined Wik dhe mow photopic repoduron: The way ight gale ou of Ure ine wrk of il sonnet of enzo Ori als about the scompreheaste uminaion™ trong abou by the lene exposure times, enh aly photograph ir gress. Rad song the mento’ contemporary Delaece had lead aotd the sunpece ‘ded and equ” general impression, sin whch ote urs the ‘tangily othe competion." So much forthe ecnial detetmedss ff he aura apperins, Many group photos sa parole tll perv in of snioaedsoivily for te onthe plat, Defoe beng. ‘ind bythe pi, I wo th Breath halo sat war sometine apared wih decay aed dep bythe now e-fashion oval frame That why IToald Bet mead of thew insunaua of phongaghy 0 make to ruc ofthe “aie pfston® ot thi eat” Thee pcre ae tae in rooms where ery chen wat onfored ithe prs othe Phoographer, wth sec of the late schoo wheres the photog {iss upped wit maura shat had scoped tt the ey fl of the ans Frock castor Hop cravat shs ara way no mean he ee prod te protie cae, Rathers thie eely poo sje and thie Sree a xa consent atthe hecome incogroent the pid. Uline that media owed. For soon advances opis ade ts ‘nents aval that whol eran darken and ecrded sppersnes 2 atlas ay are Afr 1880, though, photographers made thar fan to silts the aura whch hed esate fom the pre ‘igh the stppresian of dares evouph fate ens, eae 8 ab tei banished rm eat bythe deepening deeeratin ofthe iperiist ume They st cei ak oleh sur sing all gy and especially the soled gum pit. Thus ees a Fagen [Are Nowvesl parte tone eeroped by acl Tigh ame ino vor: Notastang ts oshioable wip, bower, = pone wat mo and mote cal a evidence whe righty Beye ingore af that geestion in te fave of ciel Progr Rnd yo ate psn snd pis date or poeogapy ithe photog rapherh atid he ectniqis, Camile Rech ho found ap et for The voi” he mss sat se proce the note, mat sek fut, Bd st oan tt te lpi sie he hy and he noe rings 0 The sinter and he oozes ave isrment thd.sw Drawing an caoig foe he pine, oespond othe vin rode th of sound: the phonograph pn ss te ada of Imesh deve that sje 0 rete aw whe te vse Under no wach ein, No Padres wil ever ep he fac everest {hese fabulous pl ha agi i" Thee bower con tinue he etapbor—a son’ of photgphy anda Ag Bh were ‘rors butt is zens pesos The combination of para orp tt work and eons pecon i ommon vo bth Thee (ete eten fil recmlans, Me was am actor who dagaed we the rolsooy wiped the mask and Sen set sbowe removing the makeup ou ety tn He Uren Far por and now sling he pres fora il fo phomyraph ends scaly ow coer han Rs fe daa rece leving Pain an oe oF more tah 4.00 pcre Beenie Abt om New Yor as ated tha pte, ns eon eu appeared nan cepa taal von plied by Care Rech" The cometary jours sknew nothing he man, wo for ‘mot prt hawk hr phrograns aroan he soa ld then for next nothing often forthe rie of one Of howe piste onan tric sou 1900, bowed sch prety town ves, athe nmi Tex complze wih onchskap moon He reached the Pole of no tse Ut wh the Der dey of ren cairn who says es Inde shadows, henge to plant hi ag here. Thertore may arse tole hes tha ry Mave coed the eventos gt tro the bfore them." nde ae Pari powo arte franc of Sorel photgipiy—a advance party of honey bod col ‘Srakenmgel a tinmans enn tae hg stmobere ened by omental prea phxoggby in thea ‘in He anus he atmosphere, Beige agri Re inate the emancipation of ob rom aura, which he mest ial sthevemee ofthe lst sce! of pheogespy, When santa ps ‘Sl ike ofr or Vente pblsh pictues re capuoned “Wea Se "ile" sAnnwer or “Bree ut that show oly dea, het pee of bala there» oetop when bre ranches cisco Fam, or age wal o a Lamppout witha hfe buoy baring hema oF the owe ting but Inary reGnemcne of that At ‘Sse: He look for what was nent, forge, cst a And ‘hs such plsures, fo, woek spit the exe, romately sonorous umes ofthe ces they sock de arn ow ey ike water at ing Ship —What sur actly Asvange weave of pce nd ne he uniahe “prearance or semblance oda, oo mate bow cose ty be, Whe Seon summers noo, to et rang of onan on he rn, es beanch thar howe Be shadow onto nl he momo ‘he hour become pt of thi appearanceshir what mane Bethe Lie ery ot atopy «519 the nas of hose mountain shat rach, Now to bring hig oer 0 Ura tothe sat us ptonate a inlinaon nour dy asthe “Shecoming of whavere une in vey sngun by ean of peo ‘Bon, Evry dy she nnd poses the objetin closeup the fom of ‘pute, ox fthe copy Boe snore pertive. And he difece istween th copy, which lated apes ad beware keep nadine the origina! pcture He aamatakale.Umquepss and dursion are 38 insmatelynectned nce lta age trance and eproduciy fm the formee The esiag aay ofthe objets sel, che desrsion ofthe ltr signature of psepion whore see fo the sabes of things {row tothe pone mere eve henge amie vested oF ie unaqcnese—by mean of report, Ace lost always pase ithe Sent sgh and vosalled nar" Whar hed not pas by was Tiong tow of boo ly o the Pacis couse, where from iB £0 ‘norma the hander ard oss rank or teat after people have nh cating andl the dhs ot yet cleted away they ex by the ened of thous the same bow oe bil at No.8, Rae eNom set numer appear isi a fo diferent places on the inidig sade: Remar however lost al these ptres ae emp. Emp ithe Powe Aral bythe oaons empty ae the mph scp are the coutaempry as it sho te Pace Tete, “Thy scat onl meay owt to he ty tse pierre lok Clete ot ike lodging tht has ot yee oud ane ean. sin the [SNiNemens har Susan photography sete see fora satay © ‘Sangement ferwect man and be savoundinge fe ges ee ply he Polly educated ee, wader whove sae altima are acts © The iastion of de. ici obvios that see way of eg and 0 gin Hatin a a vhese hee hs be he oat slinlpence: commercial coments Torrat photpany. On the oder hand, wo. do wthow pple i for hotoray the mo imposible of emanation. An! anyone who did Tex kow was nhc byte best Rasa ls thar mle a andes too eee hemes mo renily to howe photoes who eed ‘Storing her ssoayoae pogo as were sen hem at face Salo, Whee the pi hoever, depends ery mach os he subst ‘The generton ha eas or shed wth ing own 0 poste hoxotopsebe syly denwing ac to hi vat pace in the ace Ef seck prnedingr the way Sopher wide ino the depths of {heh in he Franko pcre then sow 1880—fr this vy emo Allowed hn pce te space a which hey lve, ro et ont che pate wth fhe Th emerson id hw a 9 #8 Nis So the Russian ate Hat yar th aor oppor n decade o pt before the camera pple tro ad mo ase for thet poteraps. And immediately the human face0 18 appeared on film with new and imenorable significance at it was no moc 9 porta, What was i lr he cutanng service of a German phorgraer have sserel ds gueron. Aas Sandee hss compe ane of acs hatin no way ing t the temendows pyogenic falery moines by an Entel crs Padova he Bas de om x comp work om re gous ih crip eth exsting soil err, ard toe pad ‘Spl volume comeing sty rpg, which offer incxhanse ‘Batra fore “Sander ar olf whe pean the exten {ake he cbwrves rong every oval eat ad evry wale of He up forte hae regress of com an then pos ack down af the way tote Ho” The posopapes no aren th cnomous deaking 54 shale, or with he aie of hngraer an soi [tba he pls ye om re obseraton” ewe nud {ery impart ded tld vr station, bt dle so, very mach inthe spr of Goethe vnahs “There i delste emp whe se invimatiy twee nlf wa the obj that Bcomes foe theory” So trast nore for an osrer lke abl ro have hit oo postal the Sse aspects of this work smmening: "ox atthe ampere natn wesc bps oro ude the tre ad ory of orn ‘hs photographer doing compare photography adopig sc andpoa peor coche of he photopapher of es.” woud be 8 py if economic coneatgs sould peeve the cntoing pub ‘this exaodiary body of work- Apa om this sk enccragenen, thar is a ore apecte cent Ov mike oer he publahe Wonk the Sender oul orcight samme looked or opty, Sen a power such a are now over s u soc can make the by ofa El rypes a aero val importance Whether one ofthe Leto he Right one wil ave to gr ed to cing looked at in terms of provenance. And one wil hae 1 look steers the wine wy, Siar Work is more thas pace bok. ating ran “in ous age therein ofa that fe Toked a v9 cst at rhoogrph of onset one's cles laser and frend oe’ wesc woe Liha ck in 1907, theseby moving thingy bt of he ein faerie ditnctons ito that of socal fancons* Only. ors his “tage poi can be cae fart Irs ned igus tha the debt ‘av raed met erely round the asthe f phoography ae wheres the far soquesionae scl aso! tray ghotprapy wo get ey sence, And ye te impacto the phtopapticeprodaton ose flee articy of» phowarapay tha aeal experince fae pe {ee he camera The amar wh return home wih ren pit of ta shots infact be more app ge hate har wh comer askM31 ith quanti of game hassle to anyone ut the merchant, And he {ay des indeed sem 0 hea hand when there wil be more anaes nazis thn game merchants So mach for the soups. Bat the np Sis changes compel we gun om phoyaphy ara o ae pha Tap Everyone wil have noe bow much cacti 0 feb of Paling, ore purty sapere, and spel acct, Porogrph ans ely eal on tempig to Nae th gar 2 thc dine ofa appreain, on ware on i Bor ones Brought up shore by te my the onderanding of eres rks se transformed 800 ese nthe tecaigues of reps ‘Slag develope. Sich works canny lange be rpaded athe prod be assimilated only through minstaranton Inthe Beal als, mechan fl rprodacon a techige of ciminton tat helps pone vo ahere itt he aneoived enon betwee the wo nsocced by te Pap (of woriy of a Many of how whe, os plocapapios, deerme she Shree fcr ofthis teckoelogr sae outs paar They ren tit ‘puting afer temp to ring exprenine sours ng tod unequivocal reasons eth eden The Kener tee tener of te tims the more problema hi mang pin Decl tion F poegraphy he kes the ton from pining Ae Moa Nap has i And Teta Testa, 1922: When ovehing that called ive art was ken with pli the phorgraper swtched on his thoand cae power lamp at gradually the iehesenstve paper sorbed the dake Fra ew everday objects He bad dacovred wht oul be done by 2 par Sd sense As of ight igh tha was move tpt tha al ge Er the eye leu” The photographs whoea 25-5 wnt ove fom gute a1 poration oppor: round, Try cuncs nt cut of che ns oy ote the avant ade one th legion st ya tv ne ve poe he ‘igrownd again the peste ane cing potoxraphyeodsy: he to tieteconmeci ssn Phompspy-at ye eta Sino "87 Angers Ee "en poography kes isl oat of coment severing the omnes tel Sd oso Grail when al om shiognom, polka and sere ire becomes crate.” The Tea te ok for meng ocapostons; cg trio are ti any urls, “The sik at ovreames mechanic anaes at dings ne paraiso "The more reaching the cis ofthe peat Stl ede" and te more ay individ! Component are ck ‘Spurn hedeath sagt ore he crntve—in i dope ence Pesto lnmuraditon a iestion fathers» fe, ‘stow lens ive ony he Rf umation of changing fin “Reeve iv phongraphy i ty epi to hon. The wold beowfd-chat ts watchword Ine anmesked the pone of & ‘ography that can tad any sop ca with mms pane but ‘ot sp age on ofthe aman cameos which exis ton ‘hens phage mow dresmndn ube ere a ocanner more ‘he ls fan of any toned might prac. Boe ene he ftw fae of ths ind of phompap cet” b the adrtiement oan, loge corterat thet of unmsking or consructin [Sfoeceshs “fe sation complicated by thea ht than eer doc tbe ee econ of ey revel anything abou realy. A photo ffanb ofthe Kea mors or he AEG tsa eX 1 ting bon these Statetons# Asta way has sipped it the fori The retin ‘ot hum stone ctor, sean a thy are no lng x pki So some nse fo Bp, ermehing wal, pose” Re ron ratte Surat wth having ned the poets sch Rotgrapiccnsracon A fre sagen this ome betwen een nd constr phy pied ty Russian fm sot oo mech {Osyth the grat achwerent of Ruan etre were pose oly ih county where photography acs cut nt cha ox Prune, Bt 1 ‘xpement and erat th eae, ad this ony ee el some ‘Senin be rndqac ec fred to phooraphy i 1855 by that out pinerof es Amine Wie.” orsameyis he gy cr apehabeens hie hich dy amas thet sl was eae Hea coy in wl (ethane cst shea te eaprn he ponce he Lie try af Potrophy = 527 ei hf he mie he at aise ‘Spe cori wt hese dh fa 2. Wh th ogee, hat abet pty as resol ere, sd eg ae Snr tol ont ea he ec Ho sber—inded, posi coma arth words in which ae lie ounce new tecoogy tos teat, two yey ates Siw of 1857, Like the preceding quotation, they Ean be read toy oly With ube sf of empass Bats counterpart othe abr, hey Irak sense lene ean othe encanto aries Pints the sory days a new indy hs abe hat bas doe no 4 Tle strengthen se sine le that rt ad ean be nothing ober than the securae eect of ature A venga hes hare 0 the woe of hie mala Dagoere his massa.” And “It ghoogrby |S permite to supplement rome of ae fans, hey wl font Be ‘sped and corapnd by hanks co photography oral alance tk ‘he ok em therefre certo proper day, wich tse the endmaiden of wha an heats” ‘One hing, homever, th Wirz and Sault fled ro gramps the lessons ieee inthe surety of te phorogeaph. The anon be fovevercnmented bys commoner whos cliches mor ch eb trots inthe sewer The camer ie etn salle nd sae vet Tener to copa ding and crt image whowe shock lic pacycs Uheasioitive mechan in te Pho This whee ison st ome ino py, which nla the photography of te eran he endiions of lie aod without which all photographic consmton mat emai art the approximate. ee 90 aden that Ate pow raph have Hen Hkned fo tone ote soe: Bu an een sare ‘teh of ou ge «rime wen? Every pase ya calpat i te ank fhe phovorapherdscentan of the agury ad harspicer evel fulcand‘o pote gr he ay nbn prs? "Te leracy of hare,” Someone has si wl he Ignorance aot of reading or writ, but of phorograph” Bet sholdat's photographer who canoe read is wa Pcie feo ee aceunted am iterate? Wen inspon Beste the Tot important pct ofthe phonograph Such ate the quem whch the ier fit yar tae eps os rom hea ofthe dagen ‘ype dicharge shut enon, nein thee pa fat he Rs phoographe emerge, Baal and unapyoachable, fom te Gn of our sundae daoo ss = 151 1 Die aris Wel Spent Ober 183. Geamete SA amily Emin je ad Rips Se Notes 1. Jp Neigh Nes 1765-193, French ven sal mig EE Eoe pene qeopagtc age to 820-107 be sed 2 cane role vow om hs i war coped o ter pl. Hi th Eire be slsrsooe we Loe gues Mana Dawe (179-185) ‘rocky al sky wh os ne Neprs mor. 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The sca an athena ‘Sty come eter in cpeeting aon inom the os ttf anger be has write, the oe in Which Sore tll hana of he “ocowey he has made onthe shore. His find is puting, bit ory oF ‘mol, or a sialon? AC any fates he objet wasp bythe ie Sul anon be ead wits he lets of Apolo, And Sorter wonders ‘whether te wrk ofa ato fhe wave: He igh san, How lng wold the ocean ae o test this shape ther than lions of ‘thers an how lng the aan Socrates may wel At “tat a0 aE ‘worth thogand cere ora hundedshowsind or many ore Tas Fam nual mesriag rod for werk of Il the admirer of theo thi curtanding work, Expl, ow TArcitacte (Bop, othe ‘rch bad dead vo honor i scieth Birthday by making» pe reson of an Ex Lins i might hae taken te fo of gn inp with one arm ely anchored ic ete andthe or sec ‘twig toward the ha. fr wold be amtapor for he bro san ‘Sxompaned by this tan Tension the dominating tmpresaon of ht