A po-0N mareriar FoR Puler IFSC) CHAPTER 13 SPECIFICATIONS Speciation pesifesor debs the ature and theca ofthe work materials a bese in ‘the work, workmanship, etc., and is very important for the execution of the work. The cost of a work depends much on he spceaon.Speriealions oud hat, and here told ot be 2 anbigaly anywhere: From th ty of he spcteations one can ea understand he nate of the work aad wha the work shall be. The ravings of buling or src how the arangenentf th roomsand varios par, and he dimesions—length, breath and ight, with ‘ey bi! dseiptions of illest parte. Drawing donot furnish te details of ifr er of ‘wrk, the qual af materi, proportion of morarand workmanship which ar cesrbed in {ecieations. Thus the combinations of drawings and specications dfn copie the ‘rc, Drawings an peciiations form important part of contract document Daring wtng speciation ateps should be made o expres all be reguirenens fhe ‘wore ery and in eonee form avoiding teplton. fat ax pone, the cle of the $pecfaion shouldbe arangd fa the sae order in we the work wil beard ou. The Specifications are writen in alanguageso that hey inate wha the work should e, and words Shall te or hold be ace wed S petitions depend onthe nature of the wotk, the purpose for which th workis equi, sucagth ofthe mates, avaabltyof meters, ql of materials, Speieaton ae of wo type — (1) General speticaon or rit pein, and (2) Det speciation. ‘Geer orbit speiston Geer speifeaton gives he nature and clas of the wrk and tran gee tec, to be ued in the vais part of he wok, om te futon 10 the superatuctre Te short dsrpion of flret pats of te ork speiig mata, proportions, qualiis et. General peicatins give general dea ofthe whol work orstvture and ac fl or preparing the tia. For gee ide, the general peiations of dileent cls of buildings ae given blow. “These wil of our vary acordiag to the ect and ipo wrk, LL General Specs ofa Fit Clas Bling osnéstion and pinth—Foundation an pinhshl be flrs inline mortaror 1 6cement mortar ove line cones o 14:8 cement coer. amp poo corse—D.P hal e 25cm (thick cet core 143, mixed wid one kof pero per bag of ent or ther standard waterproofing materials ar etd and pant wih vo cot of Bmen. Supertuctare—Superctrsall ofls brckwork wihlie mortar oc :6semeat sorte Lint ove dear a winds sal eof RCC Roofing—Roof sh bof RC. slab with an nation Iyer ad lime conn ering hove, oppo oer RS Joitsor RCC beam equi. Height eros hal ot ees than 39 m2 ee, ooring Drawing room and dining room oorsshallbe of mosaic teraz0). Bathroom and 'W.C. floors aad dado shall be of mosai (Lrcaz}, Floor of bedrooms shall be ccloured and polished of 2 Sem (1") exment concrete aver 7.Sem(3") line conree.Florsof thes shall be ofse ESTIMATING AND COSTING 25 em ({") cement concrete over 7.5 em 3" lime coneee polished. Flnishing—Iosde and ouside walls shall eof 2. mm (") cement lime plastered 1: 1: 6. Drawing, ining and bedrooms—insde shall be distempered, and others—inside white washed 3 ‘coats, Outside shall be coloured snowoem wathed to coats ovr one coat of wate wash ‘Doors and windows-~Chankats hall be seasoned wood, Shutters shallbe teak wood 43 ‘ma (14 thik panelled gazed or partly paneled and par glazed as require, with addtional ‘wre gauge shutters, All itigs shal bof ras. Doorsand windows shal be varnished or painted two coats with hgh ls enaiel paint over one coat of pining. Windows halle provided with inon gratings or ils ‘Miscllaneous—Rain water pipes of cation or of asbestos cement shal be provided and finshed painted. Building shall be provided with Ist class Snstary and Water tings and Blectrcal intalations etre wide 75cm thick C.C,1:3:6apronshallbe provided allround the building 1. General Spectiestions of a Second Class Building Foundation and plinth—Foundation and plinth shall be of Ist class brickwork with lime ‘mortar over lime concrete, Damp proof course~D.P.C, shal be of cm ("thick cement concréte 1: 2mixed with kg. ‘of Impermo pes bag of cement or otber standard waterproofing materials ‘Superstructure—~Supersiructure shall be of 2nd cass brickwork in ime mortar, Lintels over doors and windows shall be of RB. Roofing—Roof shall be RB. slab with 75cm lime concrete terracing above or fal teraced roof supported over wooden battens and Beams, or Sack arch roo). Verandah oot may be of A.C. ‘sheet or Allahabad tls. looting—Floors shall be 2 cr (1") cement coneete over 7S em (3").C. Verandah loor shal be of brick tle or flag stone over lie concrete, Finished cement painted, ‘inlshing Inside and outside walls shall be of 12a cement mortar plastered 1:6. Ceiling shall be cement plastered 1:3 Inside shall be whitewashed 3 coats, colour washed two coats over ‘one coat of whitewash, Doors and windows—Chav'at shall be of R.C.C. orwell seasoned sal wood, shutters of | shisham wood ot deodar wood 4 cm (1") thick, panelled, glazed or partly panelled and partly ‘slazed os required, ted with iron tings. Doors and windows shall be pated two coats over one oat of priming. _ Miscellaneous—Rain water pipes shall be of cas iri finished painted. Elearification, and sanitary and water fittings may be provided if required. IML General Speciation of Third Cas Building Foundation and plinth Foundation and path sll be of nd las brickwor in lime mortar ‘ovgrlimeconeret. Damp proof sours shallbe 2em thick ment mortar: rmixed with standard ater proofing compound prt Sepeinir hal a ndash na, Dorn window opening shal be provided with arches of Zn} las rigkwork inline rao vith wooden pants aSPECIFICATIONS ms Roofing—Roof shall be of mud overs or bricks or planks over wooden beamsor of of Gl. sheet of A.C. sheet sloping roof looring—Floor shall be of brsk-on-dge Noor over well rammed earth. Foshing—Inside and outside wall shall be plastered with ime mortar nd white washed hes coals, Doors and windows—Chaukhat shal be of salood, and shutters of chr mango or otber oustry wood. Doors and windows shall be punted two coats with ordinary pint overonecoat of priming 1V, GENERAL SPECIFICATIONS OF A FOURTH CLASS BUILDING Foundation and supersiructure—Foundation and superstructure shall be of sundried or ‘kucha bricks in mad mortar. Door and window openings shall be provided with arches 2nd clas brickwork in lime mortar oF with wooden plank. Ins.de and outside shall be water roof mud plastered Roofing—Roof shall be of tile oof aver bamboo and wooden supports ‘looring—Floor shall be Zutcha or earthen floor finshed with “gobi” washing (ondung, repping). Doors and windows—Doots and wisdowsshll be of chit or mango Wood, or cote Wood. (See also Speciications of Vilage House, Chapter 19) DETAILED SPECIFICATIONS “The detailed specification isa detailed deseription and expreses the requirement in deta “The detailed pecfcation ofan item of work petites the qualities and quantities of materials, the proportion of mortar, workmanship, the method of preparation and execution and the methods of measurement. The detailed specifications of diferent items of work ae prepared separately, and describe what the works should be and how they shall be exeuted and gnstruted. Detailed specifications are writen to express te requirements leary in a concise form avoiding repetion and ambiguity. The detailed specications ae arranged a far ab posible inthe same sequence of order asthe work i carid out. The detailed specifications if prepared properly are very helpful for the extcution-of work. The detailed specications form an imposaut pat of contrat document. Every engineering department prepares the detailed specification ofthe various items of works, and ge them printed in book form under the name ‘Detailed Speciation’: When the work, orastrucure of projects taken up, istad of weing dalled specification evry ime, he rinted Detaled Specifications are refered. ‘The dete speceations of various items of works ae as follows — 1. Barthwork in excavation in foundation— “Excavation Foundation reaches shall be dug out tothe exact width of foundation coneete and the sdes shal be vertical If the soi i ot good and doesnot permit vertical ies, the sides ‘should be sloped back or protected wih timber shoring. Exeavated earthshll tbe placed within. 1m 3) ofthe edge of the tench Finish of trench—The bottom of foundation trenches shall be perfectly levelled oth longitudinally and transversely andthe sides ofthe tench chal he Arora meats56 ESTIMATING AND COSTING ‘bottom up tothe east thickness of loose concrete so that coneetemay be lit theexact width as per desig, Thebed of he each shal be ighly watered and wel rammed. Exes ding ifdone through ‘isle hall billed with concrete atthe expen of th contactor. Soft or defect sposshallbe dug ‘ut and removed fled wit concrete or with sable soi I recks or bouldes are found during ‘excavation, these sould be removed and the bed of the reaches shal be evel and made ard by ‘consalidaing the cath, Foundation concrete shall not be aid before te inspecionandapprovalof the trench by the engineer i-charge. Finds —Any eared valuable or materials found during the excavation shallbe property of the Government, Water foundation Water, any accumulates inthe teach, should bé billed or pumped ost without any extra payment and necessary precautions shall be taken o prevent suiace water tener int the trench reach filing Afr he covert bas bn lid masonry bas ben construed the remaiing orton of he teseesshall be filed up with eatin yes of 5 cm(6" and watecel and wel rammed. ‘Theeath ling shal be ree from rubbish ad refuse artes andallelodsshallbebrokenbfore filing. ‘Surplus earth not required, shal be removed and dipased, and site hall be leveled and dressed Measurement ‘The measurement ofthe excavaton shall be taken incu m cu aor etangular reach bottom width of cones muliped bythe vertical depth of foudaton from ground lee and ‘upd by the egth of trenches ve though the contractor might haveexcavat with stoping side forhisconvenience- Rate shallbe fr complete wor for 30m (1001 ead and 1.0.5, icing altoos and plans required forthe completion of the works. For every entra ea of 30m and every centr it of 15 m septate extra rates provided. xearation in saturated scll—Excavation in strated solo below sb sl water evel shall be {akenunder a separate tem and hall be crridout inthe some manner as above. Pumping or baling ‘ut of water and remoal of nh sl be ecladed in the er. Timberng of theses of trenches if reid shal be taken under a separate item anf paid separately, Note—Excavatin in diferent kinds fo mised with mooram or kankar rhage ot rock or decomposed rock or shal hard oc, et, shallbe taken under spaateitems, The excavation shall be ‘done on the same principle as above item I. 2 Lime coneree in foundation — ‘Materias—All materials shale as persed speciation. Coarse agree shal bof har, wel burt ofoverburnt brick bala of 0 mm gauge. Ishallbe deep chery redo oppeclou shall be clean, rs fom dus, in, and ober foreign mater. shall be homogeneous texture and ‘oughy cubical in shape, Ballast which appears porous or shows signs of salipetre shall ot be use, ‘Beck ballast shal passthrough square mesh of 525 mim and not more than 20 ger cent sal pass through amesh of 25 ma, Any rected materi shall be removed fom ite of work within 24 hours, Fine agrepte shal be of suki or sand o; cinder a specifi, and clean and fie fom dat, it, and foreign eaters Surthi shall be made of wel burt bik or bik at (not orebur) and shall as through a sieve of 25 meshes pe qm (144 meshes prin). Suri pefeable for beter Lime sal be white atime (unless otherwise speifed) and shal be ly buat and free rom ses and other foreign mates. Lime sl be sacked a site of work and serened trough ase of 3 recs t .cm (B meses to an inch) _ Proportion ~The concrete shall consist of | cu of bic ballast, 0.32 cu m of suri (and or inde) and 0.16 eum of wit fine ie proportion of 10 32: 1 by volume.SPECIFICATIONS $61 MicigMining al be don msn wate masonry porn suet sie. Bi ‘att sabe acd tanga er of norm ks ny 30 e(2) igh ed Wel tke wih clan water for pero of ta te ous Line rd suri ors ond shale messed wih wooden ox inte proportion 120d tie thorugh yah nif! Te dry mit ne and rh (orn i) ha be spread ove the tacked balla fo the eed tikes to ge he pected poporion. The ‘alr shl hen be mine ry tring et st ties elem water then ae sony frou yvateean othe eure quai whe singed te materia ie thru iytumingat nthe ines hat whol rae ofeach blag cond wither and hem ‘ee ptf wim cour of works oeteney an hol be sihtht heals donot ‘epartffom te mortar Cort hl ie ony for dy’ work old and stents 2 ‘ced Forblgwork te mikng sal oy machine thie ares ane mors tepourcd inthe drm, wei revhing The wer shalbe added sol fo te eid uuny tnd theming sl be coniued fr tone mia, lam of nfo clowrand workable ‘Srna shud te ch tht th alt Go not prt from he roar Laying and comping Re ot ondation ec sal be ight ih wat tere conc ad Conte sa bi sy 8 py (hove ner oo mae hn 2. {Gand thoroughly coated vo 15cm (6) ws 6g (12 bs) to raners Ding eosin ona shoul eet efrmearh dies ad eer ore mate. The conan shal tthe by at tt by igpnga ole abot 7 Sona an 7 Sem erp mth concetad filing wt The water eve shoul ot sik ore Ban 125m io 15 mints cots ben oso Join ad coecv yer-—Whin it nner of oe ae waite end shal be slop ata ange of 30° and junctions often pc all break oi. In ying sper eto onze tht ome sree hl bead ough nd cael and warble pera | CrigConsee ate competin sal ep etfraperod of et yan masoay soa beconscted upon tung ths eb. Te coring hl te an by pading uy bot Sando epg her et by walercam a repli Menrement~Measurenen sale ng (a forthe ihe conse. Teeth ant eins be mesred ere to Ion sd deplore oO cm The a al or ie Srp wor indigo of form work gre, od al to and pen. Note1katar line ised 038eu mf kaka lice sll wd wit cum als (8c ‘ana inewith 10 eu alist) a 0 sr ou oid sl beaded We rik balstis oan bir tone bal 4 mm 11"gnu und ad white line maybe sed nth sae propeton 07 3 Lie conrete prof tealng— ‘Materias—All materials shall bof tandad specications. Cons aggegte shale of well burnt or overburat rick blast of 2 mm gauge. Isha be deep chery ed orcoper color and shall ‘eclea, fe from dat, dit and other foreign mats Isha be homogeeois in txtreand roughly cube in shape, Balls which appears porous or shows sgn of sper shall nat be we Pals shllbe suchas to passthrough asguare mosh of 7 Sem and nol moce than 20 peccrat sha ‘as trough «mesh of 0m, An rected mata sal be removed fom le of work wii 24hous Fie aggregate hall eof suri elean fe from dst dit a for mate. Sut shall be smadefrom wel brat rico brick bts (nt ovrburt and shal pss though aserenof 2 meses pe cm (14 meses pe i)st ESTIMATING AND COSTING Lime shall be white ft tine and shall be freshly buat and free from aes and other orien rmattrs. Lime shal beslaked at ste of work nd sreenedthrgughasiev of meshesto acm (Brmeshes ‘oan ict). te shallconsist ofl cum bre balla 0.36 of surkhi and O18cum white Sie repurion 10:36:18 ye) ‘Mixing—Mixing shal be silat time concrete in foundation (te 2, Laying and consodationSutae Sal ighly pale with water andthe cosets lad sowly and ently (oothrownin less asthe th que slope and speed ick ater compaction. The corte tall hen be Highly amoed with 6 kg (121s) ammes and during preliminary raring the surface shal then eft leveled by means of rove right edge and ‘pistlevel. Thecooaeeshalthea be ep fer coma by wo row of aboure ting cose an beating he concrete wih Wooden‘ an ving forward and bckwar exveingte Whole Sura. Th esting hal cotnue foals seven days un te conte thoroughly compacted {uni he Yop rebound rom tbe surface when srs. o th cant Spel earesalbe taken {oconaate the contete propery athe ant wt the prapt wall abd he jun shal be Whea teatngsinprogs he suraccf the concrete shallbefequetysrake vithamixtue ‘of ine molasses and oiled solstion of ‘se! frit for water prfing Bal rit soliton shal be ‘ropared by boing 2k of baa uitin 1010 130 ites of water ano thssohuionalercoobing3 Shs, of molass gu) andthe required quant of ie hl be mined Fishing—As soon as beating hasbeen completed the marta that has com te top sal be softezed by the sddtion of line, moles and “al rut solution and smootheaed bobbing ard essing with tron or oat io afin pos. No plier sal bewsed onan account finishing the Suc: The ished surface shall have a minimum soe of in 5 and maximus shpe of 1.36 tovards the inva out. Forever 40 sqm of roo ren, 10 mm ameter algae pie shale provided. ‘Caring—The concrete shal be kept wet fora fortnight. Te wing shouldbe done by covering wih raw orsand and watering quent by water-an or dividing int Squares by mod Kiri which Shall be kept floded with wat. Measurement —The measurement shal bs taken forthe fished work of opel rein san (sa stating the average thickness. The average ticks salle measured conettoGriandengh sd bead shall be messed comet lem, No deduction in measurement shall be mae opening ‘p t004sq mand extra payment sal not be made fr extra material or labour igvohed informing such opening, For opening excenting 043 mdeductions wll be ma ia the measurenet bu etra ‘syrent shall ot be made for teria ad abourinvoedin forming ch opening Rateshal befor {he finished work inci tol and plat Instead of Dae fait the soliton of Terminala Chola kaduka) may be used, as sed in South ndia. Drynus of kadai shllbe broken o smalls, and love to soak in water. Tae solution be repatedto havea proportion of 00 gofkaduka, 200 of mlases an 40 ies of water for 1009 m setofoofeonsete. Tesolin seve or to Mound brendan and ts forthe work Note—() If kantar ei wed, 045 cum of kankar lime shal Be mined with U cum bck ‘alla (Grogortion 5° 10) @ stove ballstis used the proportion shall be cu. of stone ballast ofS me gauge, (05 eum of sand and 025 cum of whi line (proportion 2:4.‘SPECIFICATIONS 56 (i) The finished thickest of ine concrete in ro teracing may 8 7 Santo 2c B04), (i) The sue fishing may be taken in qm unde a sepaat ten 4. Cement cnet 12:4 ‘Matz ~Aggregue shall eof invert materials and shouldbe cen, dase, har, sound, durable, no-absoebest and eapale of developing good bond with mora ‘Cons aguegse shal bofhad broken ston of gant osnilarstone, fe from dust, it adobe foreign matics: The stone alt shall be of 20 mn") ie and dow anal shouldbe ‘aid ina Sm square mesh" square) and wel graded such hat be ois Go not exceed escent. (The gaugeof he ston ballast shallb aspect depending nthe hens ena! And nature of ork Forbulding work 20m gauge sudo road workand mass ork 01060 0% sage may be wed Fn garegite shall be ofcourse sand consisting of hard, sharp and angular nd shall pas through sereen of nm 2/16") square mesh. and shall be of tanderd peentions can fd re from us, dita orgnic mater. Se sand shall not bewed (Fae agregate mayo be of erated stone specie). Cement shall be fesh portand cement of standard 1. specication, dal hae the required tense and eompresie tee nd ene. Water shall be clean aod fe fom sbaline and acd mates and stale for dking purposes Proportion The proportion of concrete shale 1: 2:48 cement snd soe ballast by Volume Unless otherwise specie. Minimum compreivestengt of corre of 1 2:4 ‘proportion shal be 140 per gem (200 Pb) 087 3. ‘Stone aggregate ad sa sal Be memsued by volume with boxes, Cemex need not be seasured by bor one bag feet (SO) shoud be considered s1/3Dcumm (12008). Sine of smeared box maybe Dem a0 em 3m o 38cm 38em> 28cm equivalent tocontnt of ne bag of coment. All mater shal be dr). If damp sand i used compensation shill be made by ding aditonl snd tothe extent requted for the ulin of damp sad. Mig sil be of ‘machine mixing, For smal work hand mixing Batches ny be allowed. Hand miing-Mising hl done in masonry lator oe sheet ion te. For concrete of 1:2: 4 proportion, ist no boaesof-and and ne ba of cement salle ated ery throughly and then thi ry nx of cement and sandshallbe placed over astakof boxes of tone agra nd the whole mixed dry trning a eat hee esto have uniform mj. Wat: hl then be ddd sty and eadually wi waercan wile Being mined tothe requied quant 251030 izes (So alos) pe bag cement, ove a plac is ofthe eqiedworkabiy and wer cement ratio, The nol shall be mixed thoroughly turing 3 kat thee nes to give ufo conret. “Machin ming Stone ballast sand and cent shal be pat it th ceo oer miner tohavethe required proportion. Forcocetof 1:24 proportion fist four boxes cso baste ‘thea vo boxes of snd nd then on ag cement shale pt int the CC, Mie te machine shalthen be revolve to mix mately an then war hal be added raul the eqied quay’ 25 to 30 res (30 6 gallon) per Dag of reat o have the equed water cement at, ‘Themixing shuld bethorouh to baveaplastimix of rform colour Kequcsito nue rotation for thorough mixing. Mixed concrete shal be unloaded on a masonry parm oon a ‘het ion. Outpt of ance miter 15 020 mit er hor.~ ESTIMATING'AND COSTING ‘Slamp—Regularslamp tst shouldbe carried out to control the addition of water and to ‘maintain the required consistency. A slump of 7.5 em to 10cm (3" to 4") may ve allowed for building work, and 4 em to 3 em (I14” to 2") may be allowed for road work. Formwork—Formwork centering and shuttering shall be provided as required, as per lard specifications before laying concrete to confine to suppor or to keep the concrete in Postion. The inner surface of shuttering shall be oiled to prevent concrete stickingto it.The base and formwork ove which concrete tobe lad shallbe watered by sprinkling water before conreeis laid, Forms should not be removsd before I daysin general, sie forms may however beremoved ater 3 days of concieting, Formwork shall be removed slowly and carefully wittout dbsturbing and damaging concrete, Laying Concrete shal be laid gently (nt thro) in layers not exceding IS cm (6") and ‘compacted by pinning with rods and tamping with woodsa tamper ox with mechanical vibrating ‘machine until dense concrete is obtained. (For important work mechanical vibrating should be ‘use, for thick or mass concret:iumersion type vibrators ad for thin concrete surface vibrators should be used for cotapacting concrete. Over-bration which wll separate coarse aggregate from ‘concrete should be avoided. After removal ofthe form-work in ue time the eocrte surface hall ‘efee from honey combing, ar hoes or anyother defect Concrete shall be aid continuously flayingis suspeaded forrest or forthe fowing day the nd shall be sloped at an anglsof 30° and made rough for further jointing. When tbe work ‘resumed, the previous sloped potion shall be roughened, cleaned and watered anda grout of eat ‘cement shal be applied andthe fesh concrete shall be laid. For suczessve layer hs upper layer Shall be lid before the lower hae set. CCuring—Atcr about two hours laying when concrete has begun to harden, it shall be kept damp by covering with wet gunny bags or wet sand fr 2: hours, and then cured by flooding with ‘water making mud walls 75cm (3") high or by covering with wet sand or earth and kept damp continuously for 1S day. specified, cuting may be done by covering concrete with specaltype of waterproof paper as to prevent water escaping o evaporating. Note) For neak concrete 1:3: 6,1:4:8, 1:5: 10 et, stack measurenent and band ‘mixing ina puccaplatorm may be allowed asin Mine concrete (item 2). For foundation concrete or weak concrete bic balls or cheap typestone ballast of 40 mm (1") size may be used. “Wo Approximate quantity of water required forcement may be taken 30% by weight (of cement plus 3 by weght of total aggregate. For concrete compacted by ‘mechanical vibrators the guantiy of Water sal be reduced by 36. 5 Reiforced cement consrete (RC.C.}= ‘Sie Stel reinforcing shale ot mild ste or deformed seo standart speieations dsl bef rom corrosion, os rst scales, ol gee, aint ee. Tester shale round and capable of being bent (doubled over) without facut. Bary shall be hosked and beat Accurately and paced in postion as pr dri and drawing and bound ger ight with 20 S.W.G.anncle steel wire atthe point ofiaterecon Bas halle bert cold by applying radsl Badeven oto, brs of 40mm (1) ameter shove may be eat y eargodl end ‘lowed to cool slowly thot immersing in wate or quenching Joins in he ar shuld be ‘voided fara possible, when joints have tobe made n overlap of 0 ies diate of the bar ‘hall be given with proper ooks at ends and ot shuld be staged. Digs diameter bars ‘olde joined by weldingand tested before placing positon, WheconeeingstelbarsshallSPECIFICATIONS sm be gven side and bottom covers of conerete by pacing pecs cover blocks undemeath of cement morta 25 em 2.5m I" ")inseton and thickness of specified cove, cm to Sem (04" to 2") for beam and tem to 2m ("to 1°) for lab, During laying and compacting of once the enforcing bars should not mov from ter potions and bars of he laid porns ‘hold not be distrbed (Centering and shuterng—Cznering and shuttering shal be made with inber or ste plate slose and tight to prevent Ieskageor mortar, with nezewary props, bracings and wedges, su sinly tong and stableand should ot yield on nyingcontte and madein such away thal hey Gan eslackened and removed gradually witout staring the corte. No pasteng sould be Imad ontheconcrete surface, A coat ool washing shouldbe applied over the shutring or paper Should be spread to has «smooth and ined surface anda provent adherence ofconret. For ab and beam small amber shoud be given in centering, lem per 2S m ("pe 10) with 8 rumor 1). Centering and shterig should note removedbelos[44aysin general (6d for R.CC.columas, 1 dys for rot sla, and 16 days fr beams), The entering and Shiterng shal be removed slowly and cael tht no pari disturbed or damaged. For ‘etal ofcomering and shutering se tem 3). Proportion of ene conrete—Cemen conte shallbof1:2:4proportonby volume for sts, beams and ltl, nd 11/5: 3 prpaton for columns nls othrvise speci. Mates fr conérete— Cert, sand and coarse aggregate sal esos forcement ones in tm 4 the stone aggregate shall sly be 20mm to 6mm (0° ang oles terse pete, For heavily reaforeed conc soembers asin the at ofits ain eas ‘the maximum size ofegregate should usualy be estcted to mm ess than the minimum lear distance between the rein ars or $a es than the minim caper tothe winfocement whichever is salle’ Where the reiforsment is widely spaced, Hintations ofthe sizeof the ‘agrepate may not be 0 important. ixng-Same ws forcement contin item 4 Laying—Befor lying theconerets, he sharing shale clean fe fom dus drt and other {orsign ater. The contele shal be deposited (nat dropped) nit fal poston. In ease of calumns and walls i is dseable to place cont a hight if practical 0 as to avoid ‘construction joins butthe progress ofconceting inthe erica diecion sll be rested tone mete per hur. Care shou be takenthat he tie between mixing nd plcingofconsete shal nat exced 20 minutes that thal ting process notimtrfered with, During Winters concreting Shall ot be done ithe temperatare fal below £°C. Consete sal be poteted y frost 2 ‘once lft by Fost shal be removed and work redone. Concrete shall be compacted by mechanic vibrating machine wai dive concrete i obtained, The virbation shall contaue during the entire period of pasing concrete. Compaction, Shallbcompleted Before beating tars, e, within 30 mins of conf watertothe dry mitre, Over-ibationwhick wil separate coatie aggregate from concrete shal be eve. ‘Aer se moval ofthe ors work in duet, he conrete sure shal befre from honey combing, Bir oles or any other det ‘Concrete shale i continuous, lying suspended fort othe following day the end shed an ao 7 mato orienting he wos sme, {he previous slaped pion shall e roughened, cleaned and watered ad coat of neat cement Shallbe applied ad thresh concrete shall id Forsuoresse aye theupper a ale lid ‘foc th ove layer hat trusts exeeeding 45 mete ia ength hl eve by one or mor expaasion joints ‘Strstresin which plan dimcaionchanges abrupt shall provided wit expansion its he