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How to make
your own
hovercraft
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Curriculum links
SCIENCE
FORCES - Balanced and unbalanced forces, forces
measured in newtons
PRESSURE IN FLUIDS - Atmospheric pressure, upthrust
effects, floating and sinking, pressure measured by ratio of
force over area – acting normal to any surface
FORCES AND MOTION - Forces being needed to cause
objects to stop or start moving
MATHEMATICS
ALGEBRA - Substitute numerical values into formulae
and expressions, including scientific formulae
GEOMETRY AND MEASURES - Areas of circles
How it works
The hovercraft that features in the
Bosch ‘All Around You’ Roadshow
FIGURE 1
is made using two standard Bosch
The leaf blower’s impeller
cordless leaf blowers powered by rotates at high speed,
rechargeable lithium-ion batteries. sucking in air and forcing it
downwards into the space
It works by blowing air into the space underneath the board
underneath the hovercraft on which the
operator kneels (see Figure 1).
Impeller
03
Hovercrafts help to save lives
FIGURE 3
The photograph in Figure 3 shows the Royal National Lifeboat Institution’s (RNLI) hovercraft,
which operates on the coast around Morecambe, Lancashire. The hovercraft can travel on
shallow water and over difficult types of terrain such as the mud at Morecambe Bay.
Hovercraft Skirt
Propeller
craft and creates a ‘cushion’ of air pressure. The skirt also helps
to force air against the surface directly below the hovercraft.
When this force equals the weight of the hovercraft, it hovers.
Engine
Figure 4: The propellers draw air into the space underneath the hovercraft
Pressure can be described as the ratio of force to area and it can be calculated using
the following formula.
The unit of measurement for pressure can
P = F ÷ A be newtons per square metre (N/m2) or the
pascal (Pa). 1 N/m2 is the same as 1 Pa.
Pressure Force Area
Time to think: 1
How much pressure do the Bosch leaf blowers need to create in order to lift the Bosch ‘All Around
You’ Roadshow hovercraft?
Try to solve this problem yourself. If you get stuck, there are some steps below to help you.
1
Calculate the force exerted by the Bosch ‘All
Around You’ Roadshow hovercraft, and its pilot, F = M x G
on the area directly below it using the formula:
Force Mass Gravity
(which is 9.81 m/s2)
In order to complete step 1, you Table 1: Bosch ‘All Around You’ Roadshow hovercraft components
need to know the combined mass
2 of the Bosch ‘All Around You’ Component Quantity
Mass In
Kilograms (Kg)
Roadshow hovercraft components
Bosch cordless electric leaf blower 2 3.6
and its pilot before you can
Chassis - The structure the leaf blowers
calculate the force it exerts. Table 1 1 10
are attached to and the pilot kneels on
will help you to calculate this.
Pilot 1 50
Total Mass kg
As explained above, the Bosch ‘All Around You’ Roadshow hovercraft hovers on the
air that leaves the ‘cushion’ through the six circular holes that are cut from the sheet
3 material underneath the craft (see Figure 2).
Each circular
You must now calculate the total area of these six holes, as this is the area upon hole has a 10 cm
which an opposite and equal force has to act in order to lift the hovercraft and its pilot. diameter (0.1 m).
You will need to use Pi (π) to calculate the area of these circular holes. Remember,
there are six circular holes and you will need to make sure your final answer is
expressed in metres squared (m2).
05
Time to think: 2 (stretch and challenge)
How much pressure does the Bosch ‘All Around You’ Roadshow hovercraft generate?
This is a tricky one, as the only data we have for the Bosch cordless lithium ion battery powered leaf blower is the velocity of
the air leaving it, which is 210 km/h. You might start to tackle this problem by investigating dynamic pressure, which can be
calculated using the following formula.
Student activity:
make your own model hovercraft
A model hovercraft kit is available from www.mindsetsonline.co.uk (search for
‘hovercraft kit’). Follow the instructions provided in the kit to make the model hovercraft
shown in Figures 5 and 6.
FIGURE 5 FIGURE 6
The completed model hovercraft The completed model
before switching the motor on hovercraft inflated
Your challenge: Modify the hovercraft model so that it can move in a single
direction without being pushed.
07
Royal Academy of Engineering
As the UK’s national academy for engineering, we bring together the most successful and
talented engineers for a shared purpose: to advance and promote excellence in engineering.