James Griffin

Period 3

January 12, 2014

Chapter 23 outlines

 Martin Luther
o 95 theses
o Protestant Reformation
 John Calvin
o Calvinism
o Institutes of the Christian religion
 The Council of Trent
o Between 1545 and 1563, a bunch of Ecclesiarchy folk who got together and re-wrote
catholic dogma based on the works of Thomas Aquinas.
 St. Ignatius Loyola and the Jesuits
o St Ignatius was a former soldier who in the 1540’s got a bunch of his friends together
and decided to make a church.
o This church was to be comprised of all of the smartest and well read religious folk from
the world all over, so they could argue about the validity of religious scripture. These
people are known as the society of Jesus or, the Jesuits. They founded a lot, emphasis
on a lot, of Jesuit missionaries around the world, and turned Christianity into a world
power/global religion.
 Witch Hunting
o You know what, I think I’ll just skip over this part due to the fact everyone knows these
are, Malleus Maleficarum, etc.
o Religious wars = Protestant England vs. everybody else
 Thirty Year’ War
o Holy Roman’s start a knife fight with the rest of Europe, silly Romans haven’t yet
realized they can’t fight everyone without getting a knife between the clavicles.
 Empires
o No major empires were able to come out of this period except for the Holy Romans and
the Hapsburg holdings which were divided and not empires.
 The New Monarchs
o Finances increased by increased fines, nobles could recruit larger staffs, and the Spanish
Inquisition was in full swing.
 Constitutional States
o English Civil war, parliament vs. kings
o Constitutional states include Netherlands and England
o Glorious Revolution culminated into a second civil war
o The Dutch created a republic
 Absolute Monarchies
o The sun king… was a jerk. Louis the 14th’s most redeeming aspect was building himself a
bigger house, at Versailles.
o A bunch of other places like the (P)russia’s and Spain had monarchs also. Peter the 1st
was their greatest monarch.
o Catherine II comes in at a close second.
 European States System
o Remember
 Peace of Westphalia- end of the 30 years war
 Balance of power diplomacy takes shape
 Better militaries are developed, (not in asia)
 Early cap soc
o Americans sell Europeans food
o Europe has a massive population jump
o More cities develop
o Supply and demand takes root
o Joint-stock companies like east Indian company spread the risks of trade
o Capitalism flourished in regions like the Netherlands and England, because people liked
the government not touching their stuff
o Pre-factory years, known as Putting-Out, where materials were sent out to be turned
into product for less of cost.
 Social Change in Early Modern Europe
o People got richer
o Serfdom finally hits Russia head on in the mid 17th century
o Adam Smith creates a capitalist bible, strive towards individual goals
o Nuclear families were more important because they could also make money.
 Science and the Enlightenment
o Ptolemaic universe = terra-centric with the heavenly bodies made up of holy matter
o Copernican= heliocentric, still wrong but more right
 Scientific Revolution
o Galileo- did a bunch of science
o Isaac Newton- discovered gravity
o Emilie Chatelet- Women scientist and Voltaire’s girlfriend
 Enlightenment
o John Locke, Adam Smith, and baron de Montesquieu all wrote political treaties
o Voltaire- candied, need I say more
o Deists= agnostics
o Most philosophers believed people were good and that the world was making progress