1.5.SAP Work Center Capacity Tutorial - Free SAP PP Training

5/8/2018 SAP Work Center Capacity Tutorial - Free SAP PP Training
Home » SAP PP » SAP PP Training » SAP Work Center Capacity
SAP Work Center Capacity
Written by Velmurugan Saravanavelu and last updated on April 30, 2017.
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Welcome to the tutorial about SAP Work Center

Capacity. This tutorial is part of the SAP PP training
course. You will learn what is capacity in SAP PP, how to
use capacity categories, the difference between available
and required capacity, intervals of available capacity,
usage of shifts in capacities and individual capacities.
Also, we will discuss different units of measure for
capacities and cumulation of capacities in hierarchies of
work centers.
What is Capacity?
Capacity means capability to do certain work. In SAP, capacity is closely related with work
centers, i.e. capability of a work center/machine to do certain operations. In general,
capacity will be measured in “Time” unit. We can also use other units of measure
depending on production business processes.
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Role of Capacity in SAP PP
In SAP Production Planning, capacity data in work center is used for calculation of:
1. Required capacity for an order or an operation

2. Available capacity of a work center
Integration with Other Business Functions
SAP work centers are integrated with the following business functions (SAP modules):
Human Resources
We can assign an HR object to a work center which will be helpful for determining
qualification of an employee.
For example, certain operations might need special skillsets like CNC
Operator/programmer. We can assign this information to the work center.
Different Skills Required for Operation of a Machine
Plant Maintenance
When a particular machine/work center is scheduled in PM order for maintenance

activities, its capacity will be locked for production uses.
SAP Capacity Category
SAP capacity category is used to distinguish various capacities within a work center. If you
want to maintain different capacities for labor and machine in a work center, we can define
it by means of capacity categories:
Machine Capacity
Labor Capacity
Example
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Consider a Lathe machine which requires 3 labor units to perform the operations and it is
available 9 hours per day. In this case, we have the following capacities:
Capacity Category Available hours No of Capacity Total hours
Machine 9 1 9 Hrs.
Labor 9 3 27 Hrs.
Lathe Machine Work Center with Two Capacity Categories
SAP Work Center Capacity
Available Capacity
In general, capacity means available hours of a machine or labor. These available hours
excludes breaks or halt hours.
Assume that a Lathe machine is available in a production plant from 9 AM to 9 PM and

there will be a break time of 2 hours for lunch and evening snacks. The capacity of the
Lathe machine is calculated as follows:
Available Capacity = 12 Hours (Total hours) – 2 Hours (Break)
Available Capacity = 10 Hours
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Required Capacity
Required capacity is hours required for a work center to produce a particular quantity of an
assembly. The SAP system uses the following information to calculate required capacity for
a work center:
Capacity formula. It uses standard value key parameters (Basic tab of work center
master data screen).
Operation time in a production order. It uses time defined in routing operation for the
base quantity.
Example
A process in a steel cutting unit uses a machine called Plasma cutting with the following
standard value parameters:
Setup time
Machine time
Labor time
Let’s say in routing we have maintained the following times for the above parameters:
Base Quantity: 120 PCs

Setup time: 30 Mins
Machine time: 90 Mins
Labor time: 90 mins
Capacity formula defined for this machine is as follows:
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Machine time * Quantity to be produced / Base quantity
When a production order for the quantity of 300 PCs is created, capacity is calculated as
follows:
Required Capacity = 90 mins * 300 PCs / 120 PCs
Required Capacity = 225 mins
It is also possible to have several similar machines to increase the capacity. SAP has a
field called “Number of Individual Capacity”. This is number of individual machines
available with similar capacity. When the SAP system calculates required capacity, it
divides the amount to the number of individual capacities in formula. When the SAP
system calculates available capacity it multiplies the amount to the number of individual
capacities.
Capacity formula defined for the machine with 2 individual capacities is as follows:
Machine time * Quantity to be produced / Base quantity / No of splits
Required capacity = (90 mins * 300 PCs / 120 PCs) / 2
Required capacity = 112.5 mins
Calculation of Capacity
Pooled Capacity
Work centers which are having same capacity type can be assigned with a pooled
capacity. This capacity is defined globally and assigned to the all work centers. For
example, let say you have 7 lathe machines with similar capacity.
C R E AT I O N O F P O O L E D C A PA C I T Y
Pooled capacity can be created by accessing following menu path.
Create SAP Pooled Capacity (Transaction CR11)
Create SAP Capacity – Initial Screen
Create SAP Capacity – Header
A S S I G N M E N T O F P O O L E D C A PA C I T Y
Once a pooled capacity is created (in transaction CR11), it can be assigned to a work
center in transactions CR01/CR02 in Capacity tab.
SAP Pooled Capacity
Capacities Tab in SAP Work Center Master Data
Interval of Available Capacity
When standard available capacity of a machine needs to be replaced for certain periods,
we can use interval available capacity. For example, a work center which has the standard
available capacity of 8 hours per day but from 20 June to 28 June due to higher demand a
company wants to run this machine for 16 hours per day. In this case we can define the
interval of capacity for these period as 16 hours.
Create Interval of Available Capacity
To create an interval of available capacity, go to the header part of a capacity (transaction

CR11).
SAP Work Center Capacity Header (Transaction CR11)
Then, click on button.
Intervals of Available Capacity
Next, click on button. The system will add a new line for the interval.
Intervals of Available Capacity – Adding a New Interval
Now press Enter button on the keyboard.
Intervals of Available Capacity – Adding a New Interval (20 to 28 June)
Here, you can find that during the period from 20 June to 28 June (interval of capacity)
available capacity is 16 hours, whereas for rest of the days it is 8 hours (standard available
capacity).
Intervals of Available Capacity (8 and 16 hours)
Shift Definitions, Shift Sequences, and Breaks
Capacity and planning calculations can also take into account shifts. Let’s see how to
define shifts and breaks in SAP.
Shift Definition
The following parameters are maintained in definition of a shift:
Validity period of a shift (start date and end date)

Start time and end time
Example
A company operate with 2 shifts:
“A” Shift —- 06 AM to 14 PM
“B” Shift —- 14 PM to 22 PM
Shift definition will be maintained as show on the picture below.
Definitions of Shifts A and B
Shift definition in SAP is part of customizing activity which needs to be performed in the
transaction OP4A.
Shift Definition in SAP Customizing (Transaction OP4A)
Shift Sequences
Next, we should define the sequence of our two shifts. The sequences of the shifts are
defined in the same transaction as shown on the picture below.
Definition of Shift Sequences in SAP (Transaction OP4A)
Break definition
Additionally, we can define break times for each shift and assign them in shift definition
later.
Define Breaks (Transaction OP4A)
Assign Breaks to Shift Definitions (Transaction OP4A)
Use of Shift Sequences in Work Center
Shift timings and breaks will be used at the time of capacity and scheduling calculations.
By default, the SAP system schedules the break time to be distributed equally over the
working hours. When we want the system to uses exact break times defined in the shift the
indicator “Scheduling with Break” needs to be maintained in the production order type.
Note: this topic will be discussed in more details in the tutorial about production orders.
Usage of Shifts in SAP Capacity
Shift Group Specified in SAP Work Center Capacity Master Data (Transaction CR11)
Individual Capacity
Individual capacity in SAP is used for detailed capacity requirement planning. This can be
explained with the following example:
Let’s say you have Lathe machines A and B

Machine A is available from 06:00:00 to 17:00:00 hours
Whereas Machine B is available from 06:00:00 to 22:00:00 hours
A possible way of mapping in SAP for this scenario is:
Create two work centers with different capacities
Create only one work center but two individual capacities need to be created inside
the work center capacity
To see how it works in SAP, go to the transaction CR11.
SAP Work Center Capacity Header (Transaction CR11)
SAP Work Center Capacity Header – Go to Individual Capacities
SAP Work Center Capacity Header – Individual Capacities
Select each item in the list and click on button. The SAP system will show individual
capacities for machines A and B.
Machine A Capacity
Machine B Capacity
When creating a production order it will be necessary to assign the individual capacity that
we are going to use to perform the operation.
Capacity in Different Unit of Measure
In general, capacity is defined in the unit “Hour”. But there may be a case when a different
unit of measure (UOM) can also be maintained. UOM may be Cubic Meter (M3) or KG or
TON, etc.
For an example, let’s consider the casting industry where casting is formed from molten
metal from furnace. Here furnace capacity can also be defined in “TON”. But the relation
between TONs and Hours must be maintained in the work center capacity. This will be
used to evaluate the capacity in TONs.
SAP Work Center Capacity – Go to Units of Measure (Transaction CR11)
SAP Work Center Capacity – Define Conversion of Units of Measure
Capacity and Work Center Hierarchy
Capacity can be cumulated by means of work center hierarchy. Hierarchy of work center
enables cumulation of available capacities from child work centers to their superior work
center.
There are two types of cumulation available in SAP:
Dynamic Cumulation
Static Cumulation
Dynamic cumulation is used to cumulate both available capacity and required capacity,
whereas static cumulation cumulates available capacity of a hierarchy of work centers.
Static Cumulation and Period Pattern Key
In static cumulation, available capacity cumulation is calculated using Period pattern key.
Period pattern key is used for:
Cumulating available capacity

Displaying available capacity
In static cumulation, cumulated available capacity of a superior node will not be changed
automatically when there is a change in the available capacity of a subordinate work
center. So, we must cumulate available capacity periodically.
Definition of Period pattern key is part of customizing activity using transaction OP11.
Example
Let’s image that you want to cumulate available capacity as three segments on the time
axis. The first segment, cumulate next 7 days of available capacity. The second segment,
cumulate next 3 weeks from last period of the segment 1. The third segment, cumulate 1
month of available capacity from the last period of the segment 2.
Three Periods of Static Cumulation
Work center Hierarchy for the above diagram is as shown on the picture below.
SAP Work Center Hierarchy
Here, available capacity of work center A and B are cumulated in a higher hierarchy. That
is, cumulated available capacity is displayed in available capacity of the work center C.
Creation of a period pattern key is part of customizing activity in the transaction OP11.
Periods in a period pattern key may be work days, calendar days, weeks, months or years.
Definition of a Period Pattern Key (Transaction OP11)
Let’s say that available capacity of SAP work center A is 12 Hours and work center B is 18
hours. Then, available capacity of work center C will be calculated as 30 hours. If period
pattern key is defined as a week, then available capacity for a week will be cumulated.
Dynamic Cumulation
In dynamic cumulation, the SAP system cumulates the available capacities and the
capacity requirements for all capacity categories of the work centers specified in a
hierarchy.
This is defined in Option Profile which is part of customizing activity for the case of
available capacity cumulation (transaction OPA3).
Dynamic Capacity Cumulation Option in Option Profile (Transaction OPA3)
This is defined in Evaluation Profile which is part of customizing activity for the case of
required capacity cumulation (transaction OPD0).
Dynamic Capacity Cumulation Option in Evaluation Profile (Transaction OPD0)
Example
Let’s consider the same example given for the static cumulation. When Lathe machines
are loaded with capacity by order (say 4 hours each), dynamic capacity cumulation
cumulates this required capacity (4 hours + 4 hours) into the work center hierarchy C as 8
hours.
This will be discussed in more details in capacity requirement planning tutorial.
Indicators Influencing Capacity Planning
Finally, let’s discuss several important checkboxes in SAP work center capacity master
data (transaction CR11).
Relevant to finite scheduling indicator
When this Indicator is activated the SAP system considers the existing capacity load while
calculating available capacity.
Let’s say Machine ‘A’ which has available capacity of 8 hours was scheduled for an order
on 10 July for 4 hours 30 mins. When a new order is created for this machine on same
date, the system will propose only remaining hours (3 hours 30 mins).
Can be used by several operations indicator
When this Indicator is activated, that particular work center capacity can be utilized by
more than one operation. This allows the SAP system to consume the available capacity
for other production orders.
For example, let’s say you defined a storage tank as a work center in the chemical industry.
When two production orders try to use this storage tank to fill the finished chemical, the
SAP system will only allow this when this indicator is activated.
A Storage Tank is Utilized by Two Operations at the Same Time
Long term planning
When this Indicator is activated, this work center capacity can also be used to calculate
capacity requirement of long term planning.
Note: long term planning in SAP is also called simulation MRP where we can upload
demand simulation to calculate required raw materials and capacity for an
assembly/subassembly.
Did you like this tutorial? Have any questions or comments? We would love to hear your
feedback in the comments section below. It’d be a big help for us, and hopefully it’s
something we can address for you in improvement of our free SAP PP tutorials.
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NAVEEN KUMAR
May 1, 2017 at 2:30 pm
IT WOULD BE SUPERB IF THE TUTORIAL IS PRINTABLE …….
VIDEO VERSION WILL DEFINITELY ACCELERATE LEARNING….
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Home » SAP PP » SAP PP Training » SAP Work Center Capacity

SAP Work Center Capacity

Written by Velmurugan Saravanavelu and last updated on April 30, 2017.

Welcome to the tutorial about SAP Work Center

Role of Capacity in SAP PP

1. Required capacity for an order or an operation

Integration with Other Business Functions

Different Skills Required for Operation of a Machine

When a particular machine/work center is scheduled in PM order for maintenance

SAP Capacity Category

Capacity Category Available hours No of Capacity Total hours

Lathe Machine Work Center with Two Capacity Categories

SAP Work Center Capacity

Assume that a Lathe machine is available in a production plant from 9 AM to 9 PM and

Lathe machine is calculated as follows:

Available Capacity = 12 Hours (Total hours) – 2 Hours (Break)

Available Capacity = 10 Hours

Base Quantity: 120 PCs

Capacity formula defined for this machine is as follows:

Machine time * Quantity to be produced / Base quantity

Required Capacity = 90 mins * 300 PCs / 120 PCs

Required Capacity = 225 mins

Machine time * Quantity to be produced / Base quantity / No of splits

Required capacity = (90 mins * 300 PCs / 120 PCs) / 2

Required capacity = 112.5 mins

Pooled capacity can be created by accessing following menu path.

Create SAP Pooled Capacity (Transaction CR11)

Create SAP Capacity – Initial Screen

Create SAP Capacity – Header

SAP Pooled Capacity

Capacities Tab in SAP Work Center Master Data

Interval of Available Capacity

Create Interval of Available Capacity

To create an interval of available capacity, go to the header part of a capacity (transaction

SAP Work Center Capacity Header (Transaction CR11)

Then, click on button.

Intervals of Available Capacity

Intervals of Available Capacity – Adding a New Interval

Now press Enter button on the keyboard.

Intervals of Available Capacity – Adding a New Interval (20 to 28 June)

Intervals of Available Capacity (8 and 16 hours)

Shift Definitions, Shift Sequences, and Breaks

The following parameters are maintained in definition of a shift:

Validity period of a shift (start date and end date)

A company operate with 2 shifts:

Shift definition will be maintained as show on the picture below.

Definitions of Shifts A and B

Shift Definition in SAP Customizing (Transaction OP4A)

Definition of Shift Sequences in SAP (Transaction OP4A)

Define Breaks (Transaction OP4A)

Assign Breaks to Shift Definitions (Transaction OP4A)

Use of Shift Sequences in Work Center

Usage of Shifts in SAP Capacity

Let’s say you have Lathe machines A and B

To see how it works in SAP, go to the transaction CR11.

SAP Work Center Capacity Header (Transaction CR11)

SAP Work Center Capacity Header – Go to Individual Capacities

SAP Work Center Capacity Header – Individual Capacities

Capacity in Different Unit of Measure

SAP Work Center Capacity – Go to Units of Measure (Transaction CR11)

SAP Work Center Capacity – Define Conversion of Units of Measure

Capacity and Work Center Hierarchy

There are two types of cumulation available in SAP: