Chapter 5 BIG REVIEW CC

Name___________________________________

MULTIPLE CHOICE. Choose the one alternative that best completes the statement or answers the question.

1) The type of learning in which reflexive behaviors that would automatically follow one type of 1)
stimulus are elicited by different, formerly neutral stimuli, is called ________.
A) classical conditioning B) cognitive restructuring
C) operant conditioning D) vicarious learning

2) The transfer of a response from a natural stimulus to another, previously neutral stimulus, is 2)
called ________.
A) classical conditioning B) desensitization
C) operant conditioning D) modeling

3) We associate the name ________ most closely with classical conditioning. 3)

A) E. L. Thorndike B) B. F. Skinner
C) Albert Bandura D) Ivan Pavlov

4) A researcher trains a dog to salivate to the sound of a bell by pairing the ringing of the bell with 4)
the presentation of meat. This type of learning is known as ________.
A) classical conditioning B) cognitive learning
C) vicarious learning D) operant conditioning

5) A researcher trains a little boy to fear a rabbit by making a loud, frightening noise every time the 5)
boy approaches the rabbit. This type of learning is known as ________.
A) cognitive learning B) classical conditioning
C) operant conditioning D) vicarious learning

6) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to 6)
the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the presentation of the
meat was the ________.
A) conditioned stimulus B) unconditioned response
C) unconditioned stimulus D) conditioned response

7) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to 7)
the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, the ringing of the bell
was the ________.
A) conditioned stimulus B) unconditioned stimulus

8) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to 8)
the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the meat
was the ________.
A) unconditioned stimulus B) conditioned response
C) unconditioned response D) conditioned stimulus

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 9) By pairing the ringing of a bell with the presentation of meat, Pavlov trained dogs to salivate to 9)
the sound of a bell even when no meat was presented. In this experiment, salivation to the bell
was the ________.
A) conditioned stimulus B) conditioned response
C) unconditioned response. D) unconditioned stimulus

10) A response that takes place in an organism whenever an unconditioned stimulus occurs is a(n) 10)
________.
A) conditioned response B) vicarious response
C) unconditioned response D) reflex

11) An originally neutral stimulus that is paired with an unconditioned stimulus and eventually 11)
produces the desired response when presented alone is a(n) ________.
A) reinforcer B) conditioned stimulus
C) antecedent D) unconditioned stimulus

12) After conditioning, the response an organism produces when only a conditioned stimulus is 12)
presented is a(n) ________.
A) vicarious response B) conditioned response C) reflex

13) Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come 13)
running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the
unconditioned stimulus is the ________.
A) cat food B) cat
C) cupboard door opening D) running of the cats

14) Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come 14)
running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the conditioned
stimulus is the ________.
A) running of the cats B) cupboard door opening
C) cat D) cat food

15) Rachel has found that when she opens the cupboard door to get the cat food, the cats come 15)
running to the kitchen. Rachel knows that this is classical conditioning and that the
unconditioned stimulus is the ________ and the conditioned stimulus is the ________.
A) cat food; kitchen B) kitchen; cat food
C) cupboard door opening; cat food D) cat food; cupboard door opening

16) An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he 16)
hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of
music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased
heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the unconditioned response is
________.
A) the sound of the buzzer B) an increased heartbeat
C) the piece of music D) listening to the music

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17) An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he 17)
hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of
music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased
heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the conditioned response is
________.
A) an increased heartbeat B) listening to the music
C) the piece of music D) the sound of the buzzer

18) An experimenter finds that a certain male subject always has an increased heartbeat when he 18)
hears a certain piece of music. The experimenter sounds a buzzer and then plays the piece of
music. The experimenter repeats this procedure until the man responds with an increased
heartbeat to the sound of the buzzer alone. In this situation, the unconditioned response is
________ and the conditioned response is ________.
A) an increased heartbeat; an increased heartbeat
B) listening to the music; an increased heartbeat
C) listening to the music; listening to the music

19) Gloria, the star in the school play, must cry when her “father” tells her to leave home. During 19)
rehearsal, Gloria holds an onion near her eyes when her “father” tells her to leave. The onion
serves as the ________ while being told to “leave home” is the ________.
A) US; UR B) CS; US C) US; CS D) CS; UR

20) “Every morning a train goes by my house at 6:30 when I am just sitting down to breakfast. 20)
Lately, however, the train has been coming by at 4:30 and I am having a terrible time getting
back to sleep because I'm so hungry.” In this example of classical conditioning, the conditioned
stimulus is ________ and the conditioned response is ________.
A) the sound of the train; going back to sleep
B) the sound of the train; hunger
C) eating breakfast; hunger

21) Classical conditioning has been demonstrated ________. 21)

A) only in dogs B) in all forms of animals except insects
C) only in mammals D) in humans and in other animals.

22) Pairing the conditioned stimulus and the unconditioned stimulus on only a portion of the 22)
learning trials is called ________.
A) intermittent pairing B) sporadic pairing
C) partial reinforcement D) shaping

23) The use of intermittent pairing ________ the rate of learning while it ________ the final strength 23)
of the learned response.
A) increases; increases B) reduces; increases
C) increases; reduces D) reduces; reduces

24) Intense, irrational fears of particular things, activities, or situations are called ________. 24)
A) phobias B) response generalizations
C) generalized anxieties D) idiosyncrasies

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25) One of the best known examples of classical conditioning was the Little Albert study, conducted 25)
by ________.
A) Skinner B) Pavlov C) Freud D) Watson

26) In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned stimulus was ________. 26)
A) Albert B) the loud noise C) the rat

27) In the experiment with Little Albert, the conditioned response was fear of the ________. 27)
A) loud noise B) experimenter C) rat D) laboratory

28) In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned response was fear of the ________. 28)
A) laboratory B) rat C) experimenter D) loud noise

29) In the Watson and Rayner study of Little Albert, the white rat was the ________ and the loud 29)
noise was the ________.
A) CS; US B) US; UR C) US; CS D) CS; CR

30) In the Watson and Rayner study of Little Albert, the UR was ________ and the CR was ________. 30)
A) the loud noise; the white rat
B) crying and crawling away; crying and crawling away
C) crawling toward the rat and playing with it; crying and crawling away

31) An experimenter attempting to classically condition a new behavior in a dog unintentionally 31)
presents the CS without the US several times during the conditioning process. She finds that this
intermittent pairing ________.
A) has no effect on the rate of learning or the strength of the final learned response
B) reduces the rate of learning and the strength of the final learned response

32) Mary Cover Jones first demonstrated that children's fears can be ________. 32)
A) learned through classical conditioning
B) unlearned through operant conditioning
C) unlearned through classical conditioning

33) A kind of therapy closely related to classical conditioning that is designed to gradually reduce 33)
anxiety about a particular object or situation is known as ________ therapy.
A) desensitization B) conditioned
C) response D) psychoanalytic

34) Desensitization therapy is based primarily on the principles of ________. 34)

A) operant conditioning B) vicarious learning C) classical conditioning

35) Wolpe's therapy for treating anxiety, which involves the pairing of relaxation training with a 35)
hierarchical list of fearful situations, is called ________.
A) desensitization B) aversive conditioning
C) operant conditioning D) shaping

36) The person most closely associated with the development of desensitization therapy is ________. 36)
A) Joseph Wolpe B) B. F. Skinner C) Sigmund Freud

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 37) Desensitization therapy is most closely related to ________. 37)
A) avoidance learning B) operant conditioning C) classical conditioning

38) Researchers have discovered that many autoimmune disorders can be successfully controlled 38)
without drug treatments through the use of ________ procedures.
A) operant conditioning B) vicarious learning
C) classical conditioning D) desensitization

39) The process by which some stimuli, such as snakes, serve readily as conditioned stimuli for 39)
certain responses, such as fear in humans, is called ________.
A) response acquisition B) the diathesis-stress model
C) preparedness D) mental set

40) The psychologist most closely associated with the concept of preparedness is ________. 40)
A) Wolpe B) Jones C) Bandura D) Seligman

41) Conditioned taste aversions are typically learned after ________ pairing(s) between the aversive 41)
food and the nauseous reaction to it.
A) two to four B) six to eight C) only one D) four to six

42) Conditioned taste aversions are found ________. 42)

A) only in humans
B) in virtually all animals
C) only in nonhuman animals
D) in humans and other animals with a well-developed sense of taste

43) In the experiment with Little Albert, the unconditioned stimulus was the ________. 43)
A) laboratory B) loud noise C) rat D) experimenter

TRUE/FALSE. Write 'T' if the statement is true and 'F' if the statement is false.

44) Learning that involves transfer of a natural response from one stimulus to another previously 44)
neutral stimulus is called classical conditioning.

45) Ringing a bell usually makes a dog's mouth water. 45)

46) Learning by classical conditioning plays a significant role in the lives of most animals. 46)

47) Classical conditioning usually occurs after only one pairing of the US and the CS. 47)

48) In classical conditioning, intermittent pairing reduces both the rate of learning and the final level 48)
of learning achieved.

49) Watson's Little Albert study demonstrated the effectiveness of classical conditioning in humans. 49)

50) Desensitization therapy is based on classical conditioning techniques. 50)

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Answer Key
Testname: CH 5 BIG REVIEW CC

1) A
2) A
3) D
4) A
5) B
6) C
7) A
8) C
9) B
10) C
11) B
12) B
13) A
14) B
15) D
16) B
17) A
18) A
19) C
20) B
21) D
22) A
23) D
24) A
25) D
26) C
27) C
28) D
29) A
30) B
31) B
32) C
33) A
34) C
35) A
36) A
37) C
38) C
39) C
40) D
41) C
42) D
43) B
44) TRUE
45) FALSE
46) TRUE
47) FALSE
48) TRUE
49) TRUE
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Answer Key
Testname: CH 5 BIG REVIEW CC

50) TRUE