Higher Institute for Applied Science and Technology

Telecommunication department
Fifth year
2015-2016

Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying

(GMSK)
Raafat Ali Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar Zarka

Supervisor: Dr. Nizar Zarka

Jan 2016
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Outlines:

• Introduction to GMSK.
• Generation of GMSK & its Waveform.
• GMSK Demodulator
• Power spectrum of GMSK
• Advantages.
• Disadvantages.
• Applications.
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Introduction To GMSK (1)

Gaussian Minimum Shift Keying (GMSK) is a
form of continuous-phase FSK (CPFSK)

That Mean: the phase is changed between symbols

to provide a constant envelope.
So: GMSK allows efficient class C non-linear
amplifiers to be used.
The RF bandwidth is controlled by the Gaussian
low-pass filter.
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Introduction To GMSK (2)

The degree of filtering:
It is expressed by multiplying the filter 3dB
bandwidth (B) by the bit period of the
transmission(T).
BT = 0.3 for GSM networks.
Data rate: 270.8 kbps.
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

GENERATING A GMSK WAVEFORM(1)

• GMSK as implemented by quadrature signal processing
at baseband followed by a quadrature modulator

1-2

 

Time

2T T 0 T 2T
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

GENERATING A GMSK WAVEFORM(2)

Modulation
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Generation of GMSK & its Waveform(3)

Pulse Shaping
• Input: Binary pulse train (+1/-1)
• Each binary pulse goes through a LPF with a Gaussian
impulse response
• This process results in a train of Gaussian shaped pulses
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Generation of GMSK & its Waveform(4)

Summing and Integration
• The pulses are summed together (left)
• The signal is integrated over time to obtain a
continuous waveform which captures the bit
transition information (right)
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Generation of GMSK & its Waveform(5)

I&Q Signals
• The resulting waveform is divided into In-Phase
and Quadrature components
▫ In-phase: Left
▫ Quadrature: Right

• The two signal components are then up-converted

to the carrier frequency
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

GMSK Demodulator
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Power Spectrum Of GMSK(1)

• GFilter Is a Partial Response So it increases ISI.

 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Power Spectrum Of GMSK(1)

GMSK Spectra

• Improved spectral efficiency

• Requires more power to transmit data than
many comparable modulation schemes
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

GMSK Bit Error Rate

• Bit error probability for GMSK is:

Notice that: BER Is a Function of BT.

 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Advantages
• High spectral efficiency.
• Reducing sideband power.
• Excellent power efficiency due to constant
envelope.
• reducing the interference between signal carriers
in adjacent frequency channels.
• Self synchronizing capability
• Good choice for voice modulation.
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Disadvantages
• causes (inter symbol interference[ISI])
• Higher power level than QPSK.
• Requiring more complex channel equalization
algorithms such as an adaptive equalizer.
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

Applications
• Most widely used in the Global System for
Mobile Communications (GSM).
• Used for CDPD (cellular digital packet data)
overlay network.
• Used for GPRS & EDGE systems.
 Raafat Ali & Dr. Nizar
Zarka

THANK YOU