9.9.

16

Haydn Mozart Beethoven

Popular forms:

Sonata di Chiesa
Sonata da Camera
(used by Handel, Correlli, Purcell, Vitali)

Sonata di Chiesa (sonata for church) -Slow,Fast,Slow,Fast

Sonata da Camera (sonata for chamber)

Trio Sonata- 2 vlns and continuo

1745 Tellemann added viola and minimized continuo

Cello later finished replacing keyboard continuo instruments

1753- approx. date when classical chamber music starts taking shape

Mannheim School

Contempories of Haydn were influenced by Mannheim School

J. Schobert was too

Mozart- Equal treatment of all the music- used to be the violins got all
the spotlight

Haydn- wrote 45 keyboard trios- more elaborate keyboard part

68 string quartets

9.16

Hayden early works- quartets

Haydn String Quartet Op.1 no.1 (listened in class) “La chasse” 1755-57

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven -names and dates and opus numbers

how the writing reflected their lives
how many string quartets each wrote

F. Hayden 1732-1809
didnt invent the string quartet form, but pioneered the tropes of the
genre
wrote 68 string quartets over a peroid of 45 years

classical form- Sonata Allegro form

exposition, development, recapitulation
(tonic key, ends in dominant, second theme is in dominant key, recap in
the tonic key)

Hayden helped establish the standard of 4 movements

1. allegro sonata form, slow introduction
2. slow movement andante moderato
3. Minuet trio
4. Allegro- fast Sonata or Rondo

Raised in Austria, trained as a choirboy in Vienna

employed by the Esterhazy family.

early string quartets were written to play for fun with musicians from
his orchestra

Published quartets in groups of 6 quartets at a time

1769 started writing his second “Phase” of quartets

Op. 9,17,20 (comprised 18 quartets)

assignment: pick one quartet from op. 20 Sun Quartets (1772) -listen,
be able to talk about it- look for fugal procedures

Haydn- Lark Quartet 1790 op 64 no 5

9.23

second phase of quartets by Haydn- after 1769

sometimes the minuet and trio switched with the slow movement

Sonata form- usually used in the first movements

-Beethoven used this form too- monothematic exposition (where
the music that established the dominate key is same as the tonic key)

Haydn would sometimes change the order in which the themes would
appear in the recap

Haydn op. 20 was a set of 6 quartets- three of which incorporated

fugues
(Anthony van Hoboken 1887-1983 catalogued Haydn’s music)

Op. 20 was known as the “Sun” quartets

- considered a milestone in the history of composition- Haydn
developed techniques that would define the genre
-4 movements
-incoporating fugues
-minuet and trio (sonata form)

op 20 no 5 f minor- last movement is finale (fugue)

fugues appear in nos. 5,6,2

Opus 33 “Russian” Quartets

1781- written in the summer and autumn of the year for his Viennese
publisher Artaria
cello lines and other instruments start to have a larger presence in the
counterpoint.
motives were becoming longer and more fluid

nicknamed Russian because they were dedicated Grand Duke Paul of

Russia
premiered on christmas day 1781 at Grand Duke’s wife’s home

G major op. 33 no.5 “How do you do” quartet

no. 2 “the joke” end of the rondo, grand pause… confusing moment

op. 50 “Prussian” Dedicated to King William the 2nd of Prussia who

was an amateur cellist- therefore Haydn wrote a more important cello
lines

Op.54 and 55 “The Tost” quartets after Johann Tost, a musician in

Haydn’s orchestra at Esterhazy’s place from 1783-1789

Op 71 and Op 74 “Apponyi” Quartets

1779 Nicholas Esterhazy allowed Haydn to publish with whomever he

wanted

op1 no1 listen

op64 no 5 the lark
op20 no 2 fugue
op20 no 5 or 6 (fugues)

Haydn Piano Trios- Haydn wrote 31 piano trios

Mid-1780’s
full musical maturity
critics loved them
representative of 18th and 19th century writing

Correli- wrote figured bass lines, not for piano

piano sonata was the forerunner to the piano trio, string quartet wasn’t
the precursor

1795 Gyspy Rondo G major Piano trio

well known
rondo finale in Hungarian style
Haydn was first composer to incorporate gypsy music
later trio-full musical maturity

1797 started in London, finished in Vienna two years later

dedicated to Therese Bartalosi, a pianist Haydn met in London
composed with string playing amateurs in mind, but virtuoso pianist

wrote

125 trios for bariton (6 gut strings)

Piano Trios became popular in Paris and London in 1770’s

10/14

W. A. Mozart 1756-1791

String Quartets
2 periods- early and late

early period

Quartet in K.156 G maj- 3 movements

1. presto
2. adagio
3. tempo di minueto

1761 started to compose- touring in 1763

1769 studied with Martini in Italy

it was around this time Mozart started composing quartets
1773- Quartets K.168-173 written in Viennese Style
didnt write any more Quartets until 1783
1781 Met Haydn in Vienna

Chamber Music Output:

Quartets: 26
Quintets (2 viola): 5
String Trios: 2- 1 for vln,vla,vcl and another for 2 vlas and bass
Sontatas for vln and piano 42
Piano Trios: 7
Piano Quartets: 2

he liked to compose in clusters of 6

Not particularly nationalistic- had an Italian sort of style, but could

also compose contrapuntally in the German style. Was influenced by
the Rococo style of JC Bach

by the time of his death, chamber styles and symphonic styles had
been defined as separate

Early Period Quartets (1770-1773)- K.173

K. 80 (14 yrs old)

K. 155- K. 160 3 movements only
these were more contrapuntal and decorative than Haydn’s early
quartets

K. 157
1. Allegro
2. Andante
3. Presto

1772-1773 clusters of 6 quartets

k.156-k.160
k.155 D
k.156 G
k.157 C
k.158 F
k.159 Bb
k.160 Eb

Mannheim Influence- loud/soft dynamic contrasts

K. 168- k.173 (1773) in Viennese Style- written after Mozart know of

Haydn’s op. 17 and op. 20 and the idea of 4 movements for strings
quartet

more contrapuntal
4 movements
more independence and importance of 3 lower strings
new economy of material- transitional ideas grow out of the original
theme
sudden dynamic contrast
growing maturity

k.168 Allegro 1st movements Fugal Writing

also k.173 last movement has fugue- Chromatic fugal subject
1st movement is a good example of Mozart’s development style

Haydn influence (op. 17 and op. 20)

slow introduction like k.171
fugue
9 measure phrase divided into 3,2,2,2
andante variations

present on one of the haydn quartets k. 387, 421, 428, 458, 464, 465
makeup of quartet
date
dedication

10/21

Mozarts
early quartets 1769-1773
late quartets 1782-1791

“Haydn Quartets”
k.387 1782 ”Spring”
k.421 1783 d minor
k. 428 1783 Eb Major- minuet mirrors Haydn’s minuet- same key
pause…
k. 458 1784 (The Hunt)
k. 464 1785 - not super popular
k. 465 1785 “Dissonance” was attacked by critic upon first hearing it
because of its use of chromatic extremes and whole tone clusters

Haydn and Mozart played in a quartet together for fun

Haydn was the “creator” of modern string quartet form
Mozart was considered the pinnacle of modern string quartet writing
at the time

Midterm
Listening:
Mozart:

late quartets:
Quartet in C Major k. 465 1785 “Dissonance” was attacked by critic
upon first hearing it because of its use of chromatic extremes and
whole tone clusters movments 1+4
Quartet in Bb major k. 458 “Hunt” all movements
Quartet in G major k. 387 “Spring” mov. 1

String Quartet #8 in F major k.168 -mov. 4 -chromatic fugal subject

String Quintet #3 in C major k. 515 movements 1+4
String Quintet #4 g min k.516 mov. 1+3

Piano Trio k. 542 E Major extra cred

Haydn:

Op. 20 “Sun” Quartet- this is what he was named “father of string

quartets” for
no. 5 last movement (fugue)
Op. 64 #5 “lark” 1st movements
Op 76 “Best known”
no.2 1st mov
 no.3 whole thing
no.4 1st mov
Piano Trio- extra cred

Written
mozart- haydn
evolution of chamber music, string quartet for, piano trio form
know dates of composers and major works
how many chamber works did they each write
characteristics of haydn and mozart styles
personality traits- how their life affected their writing- haydn servent,
mozart freelancer
their relationship- they had great respect for eachother- haydn to
leopold compliment- mozart dedicate quartets to haydn
calalogue for the composers- mozart: Köchel, Haydn: Hoboken
catalogue

Mozart wrote 6 string quintets- 2 vln, 2 vla, 1 vcl

Mozart liked to play viola in his own works, helped to market

Quintet #1 Bb Major
#2 c min
#3 C Major
#4 g min k.516
#5 D Major
#6 Eb Major

listened to quintet #4 g minor

listened Piano trio k. 542 E major (1788)
listened to String quintet #3 movements 1+4

Mozart developed Piano trio form by making more relevant strings

parts

list haydns string quartet periods!!!!

11/11
Beethoven quartets
Beethoven 1770-1827

wrote 16 string quartets

3 piano quartets
5 string quintets
10 violin sonatas
5 cello sonatas

born in Bonn Germany

1st peroid
1770-1802
op. 18 (1-6) dedicated to Haydn (op. 74 also dedicated to Haydn)

wrote piano works for himself to perform in his early period

4 movement form- replaced minuet with scherzo

moved to Vienna in 1792

1798 finished op. 18 string quartets

loved to write in small motives

made codas important
elaborated on development sections more than Haydn

op. 18
no.1 F major
no. 2. G Major
no. 3. D Major
no. 4. C minor
no. 5. A Major
no. 6. Bb Major- IV Malinconia (Adagio- Allegretto quasi Allegro)

op. 18 dedicated to Prince Lobkowitz

#4 cminor “homage” to haydn (in Haydn Style)
#5- indebted to Mozart- inspired by k. 464

11/18
Beethoven didnt get a long with Haydn
studied with best counterpoint teacher in vienna: j.c. albrecht
(it had been 6 years since he had been writing quartets)
op. 59 Razumovsky (dedicated to count Razumovsky) 1805-1806
there were 3 quartets

1803 start of second period with “Eroica”

Second period:
op. 59 -3 quartets #1 F major
op. 74 -1 quartet “Harp” - pizzicato effects, arpeggiated writing in all
parts
op. 95 -1 qauartet “Serioso” F minor

Op. 59 is a Tryptich
at the time, people were making quartets concerto-like rather than
symphonic- beethoven went against this- “composing for the future”

Op. 59
#1 F major movement 1
#3 C major movement 1+4

op. 95 all movements listen to the whole thing “Most explosive”

op. 59 is the longest of second period, op. 95 is shortest

op. 59 is expansive and optimistic, op 95 is short and angry- most
radical in terms of modern expression

10/1

Beethoven wrote 16 total string quartets

early period: 1770-1802

op. 18 no 1-6
mastered the classical string quartet form established by Haydn
and Mozart

Beethoven Middle period: 1803-14

op. 59 3 string quartets “Razumovsky”
op 74 “Harp”
op 95 “Serioso”
expanded the form of the string quartet genre and incorporated a
new level of emotional sensitivity previously not found

Late Period: 1816-1827

op. 127 Eb
op. 130
op. 131
op. 132 A minor
op. 135
Grosse Fugue op. 133- originally the last movement of op. 132
Highly individual, complex, personal to Beethoven. Ahead of their
time.

Prince Galitzin commissioned 127 130 and 132 from Beethoven

op 127 (prelude)+135(conclusion) experimental in form- had 4 parts,

but 130,131,132 had 5,6,and 7 parts or movements
130-133 act inter-referentially- tonal centers, motivic material

op. 132 A minor-

1. Assai sustenuto- Allegro
2. Allegro ma non tanto
3. Canzona di vingrazia mento. Molto Adagio
4. Alla marcia, assai vivace
5. Allegro appassionata

Choose a late quartet (not 132) DUE 10am Dec 19 art 203 or music
office
describe
form
keys
new techniques
life influences
impact on future chamber music writing