Cassie Jeng

IR-3/ AP 11

Annotated Source List

An Evolution of Eating Disorder Treatment

American Dance Therapy Association. “Dance/Movement Therapy and Eating

Disorders.” American Dance Therapy Association.

This talk session from the American Dance Therapy Association was performed by
board-certified dance/movement therapist, Susan Kleinman. The talk was used to educate the
benefits of dance/movement therapy on eating disorder patients. During the talk, Dr. Kleinman
explained how patients with eating disorders often become closed off and distant from the rest of
the community, as they are isolated by the symptoms of the mental illness. She explains how
dance/movement therapy is a new strategy that therapists are starting to use in order to
communicate with these individuals by having them assess their inner emotions through
movement. Dr. Kleinman explains that movement is one of the simplest and most basic forms of
communication, dating back farther than humans have been alive. Because of this, dance allows
the patient and therapist to observe things that the brain is not allowing to be expressed with
words. This therapy method, while new, is beginning to have as much credibility as others
because it is showing that patients are able to creatively discover what their mind is hiding.
This researcher found validity in this talk session because the speaker is an accredited
expert in the field. Along with starting a board-certified dance/movement therapist, it was also
published on the American Dance Therapy Association website, showing how it was reviewed
for accuracy of information. Since this researcher also conducted an interview with the speaker
in the video, she was also able to prove the credibility by matching the information presented to
the information gathered in the personal interview.

Dieterich-Hartwell, Rebekka. “Dance/Movement Therapy in the Treatment of Post Traumatic

Stress: a Reference Model.” The Arts in Psychotherapy, vol. 54, 28 Feb. 2017, pp. 38–46.
Science Direct, dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.aip.2017.02.010.

This journal article from The Arts of Psychotherapy explains the neurological effects of
trauma on the different parts of the brain and the different methods of therapy to treat them. It
specifically talks about the effects of dance-movement therapy on those who have experienced
trauma. Rebekka Dieterich-Hartwell explains the concept of interception and neuroception in
relation to post traumatic stress disorder and how dance-movement therapy can be used to access
the sensitive thoughts of the conscious and subconscious in patients. The author explains how the
plasticity of the brain can be altered during stressful events and trauma, and how the slow,
repetitive movement of basic steps can help enforce the plasticity and allow for rewiring of the
brain. The author then describes methods for treating through dance-movement therapy. She
provides a general model for the beginning stages and then emphasizes the importance of first
establishing safety in the therapy environment between the therapist and the client. Later, the
therapist must slowly regulate hyperarousal and later attend to interception.
This researcher found the article to be very credible. The author cites all of her references
throughout the research and uses medical professionals and other journals. In addition, this
article is from a peer-review journal in psychology, therefore containing reviewed information.
The use of over thirty sources shows the validity of the article, as well, because it shows the
collaboration between different people to form a single research article that agrees in claims.
“Eating Disorders Statistics.” Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders,
ANRED, www.anred.com/stats.html.

This report presented the statistics for eating disorders in the world based on the
information presented by the National Association of Anorexia Nervosa and Associated
Disorders. It went through all of the most common eating disorders and shared the frequency of
them throughout the world. It also provided some background on the appearances in different
genders based on the type of eating disorder. It explained the anorexia nervosa is more common
in females than males, affecting one in every hundred females across the world. In addition, it
shared information around ages, stating that bulimia is rare in children, while anorexia is more
common in younger women and adolescents. Following the statistics on the number of
individuals suffering eating disorders, the report presented additional information on recovery
rates and treatment. It was stated that around 20% of those who are diagnosed with eating
disorders do not survive, and despite of treatment, there is still this high mortality rate. At the end
of the report, there was data about the average body dimensions of women affected by eating
disorder in comparison to those of a barbie doll. This was used to show the drastically
disporportate dimensions of this toy that becomes one of the most significant causes of body
image issues in the world.
This researcher found that the statistics presented in the report were credible because they
came mostly from the National Association of Anorexia and Associated Disorders. In addition,
the report was published from the Anorexia Nervosa and Related Eating Disorders (ANRED)
website, a credible organization for eating disorder research. All of the information presented
was supported by sources, showing the accuracy of all the statistics and information presented.

“Eating Disorder Statistics and Research.” Eating Disorder Hope, Eating Disorder Hope,
www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/statistics-studies#Female-Eating-Disorder-
Prevalence-Rates.

This report on the statistics surrounding eating disorders was created to show the
frequencies of the different versions of this mental illness. There were subsections for each of the
most common eating disorders, each providing numbers for the prevalence in the world,
mortality rates, and the access to treatment. Similar to the report by Anorexia Nervosa and
Related Eating Disorders (ANRED), this report shared that one in every hundred females suffer
from anorexia nervosa. It also presented other information about the prevalence in males and
older adults, information that is harder to find since most eating disorders appear in adolescence
women. An unique aspect of this report was its access to statistics surrounding the treatment of
the different eating disorder types. Each individual section analyzed how easily a patient could
find treatment and how successful it generally was.
This researcher found this report to be credible because the statistics presented matched
the other collected information from other sources like ANRED. In addition, it was from the
Eating Disorder Hope website, a reviewed organization, while also providing all of the sources
from which it cited its information. This report served to be very beneficial in the research
because it shared information of treatment for the different eating disorder types, the major focus
of the research.
“Eating Disorders: Symptoms, Signs, Causes & Articles for Treatment Help.” Eating Disorder
Hope, www.eatingdisorderhope.com/information/eating-disorder.

This article by Eating Disorder Hope describes, in detail, the basis of an eating disorder
and other general medical information. It starts off with a general definition of an eating
disorder, providing examples like a video of a talk session by Demi Lovato where she discusses
her experience with an eating disorder. The article then discusses the different types of eating
disorders and their general characteristics and symptoms. Following that, the articles reports on
common causes and symptoms of eating disorders in general, such as a negative body image,
self-esteem issues, family dynamic issues, and more. It also explains how certain sports like
wrestling, ballet, diving, gymnastics, and long-distance running can be causes of eating disorders
because of the pressure implemented by the sport. There is a section at the end of the article
about treatment methods and the way to obtain certain treatments for different types of eating
disorders.
This researcher found this article to be credible because it was published by Eating
Disorder Hope, the credible site on eating disorder information. It was also peer reviewed by
Jacquelyn Ekern, MS, LPC before being published to the public. This shows that there was a
check of the information before spreading it and strengthens the accuracy of the statistics
presented. In addition, there are sources throughout the article with links to where the
information was collected from.

“Eating Disorders.” The Center for Eating Disorders, Sheppard Pratt Health System, 2015,
eatingdisorder.org/eating-disorder-information/overview/.

This article by The Center for Eating Disorders describes general information about
eating disorders. It provides detailed overview on the information that is essential to understand
from an outsider's perspective when living or being around someone with this mental illness. The
article explains how it is important to remember that an eating disorder is not a choice to eating
less or more, but rather an actual mental illness that can and needs to be treated for health
concerns. It explains that as an outsider, it is important to always show support to prevent worse
symptoms from taking place. The article shows that there are around 20-30 million people just in
the United States who suffer from eating disorders, and that many are unaware of the prevalence
of this major health concern. The article closes by reminding the reader that the most important
thing they can do to help a loved one with an eating disorder is to be educated themselves. It is
always beneficial to have someone by one’s side when they are struggling, however it doesn't
help if they have no idea what is actually happening.
This researcher found credibility in this article because it is information to educate the
public about treatment by The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard Pratt, a famous,
successful, top organization for eating disorder treatment. Not only is the information therefore
supported by all of their own professional medical research, but the article also provides links to
other sources that backup the information with similar reports.

Fischman, Diana. “Therapeutic Relationships and Kinesthetic Empathy.”

This report by a medical student, Diana Fischman, describes some important aspects of
dance/movement therapy: kinesthetic empathy and what it entails. The report starts with
background on the basis of kinesthetic empathy, the ability to connect with one another,
especially the therapist during a dance/movement therapy session. She explains how
dance/movement therapy is a form of psychotherapy that has involved non-verbal
communication and expression into therapy for mental illnesses. Fischman describes how
kinesthetic empathy allows the dance/movement therapy session to move past repetitive
cognition to the extremes of thinking from only inside one’s body through subconscious
movement. It is a way to break the separation between the mind and the body to access the real
meaning of thoughts and behaviors, allowing the therapist and patient to understand each other
and themselves in a more detailed way. This contributes to making the therapy session more
personal and successful for treatment.
This researcher found this article to be very useful because it explained one of the three
most important concepts in dance/movement therapy. This significantly helped because it added
to the dance/movement therapy benefits in the research. In addition, this researcher found
validity in the article because it was a reviewed paper by a medical student and contains all of the
sources cited throughout the paper and at the end.

“Going to Extremes: Eating Disorders.” CNN, Cable News Network,

www.cnn.com/interactive/2012/03/health/infographic.eating.disorders/index.html.

This interactive infographic shows statistics for eating disorders in America. The image
describes the mortality rates for eating disorders as well as body image information. According
to the infographic, the highest mortality rate in America comes from eating disorders, and from
1999 to 2006 there was an overall 18% increase in the amount of hospitalizations from this
mental illness, showing the increasing danger. There are millions of Americans, both male and
female who suffer from eating disorders just in America, and an increase in likelihood of
developing this illness with an increase in female adolescent’s social media use. There is a
correlation between the amount of social media use and the distorted body images developed in
these adolescent years that lead to unhealthy eating habits and eating disorders. This infographic
contains images, as well, such as one of the average females and the average female model. This
provides a conceptualizable representation of the influence that is causing girls to resort to these
habits.
This researcher found this infographic to be very relevant for the research in representing
the need for treatment of eating disorders. It was found to be credible as is was published on the
CNN website, a reviewed news channel. In addition, the information on the infographic was
taken from the National Eating Disorders Association, showing professional statistics.

Halprin, Daria. “Somatic Psychology.” The Expressive Body in Life, Art, and Therapy, Jessica
Kingsley Publishers, pp. 56–58.

This chapter explains the origins of somatic psychology, the connection between the
body’s movements and cognitive thinking. The chapter contained information regarding the
original thinkers that discussed somatic psychology such as Feldenkrais and Reich. They were
scientists who worked with a number of body-oriented therapies to research the relationship
between physical movement and human emotions and behavior. They believed that every
emotion or behavior that is expressed by an individual is a cause of trauma that was experienced
by a certain part of the body. Each system of the body - the nervous system, skeletal system,
muscular system, and more - are interconnected in the brain. Since voluntary actions are easier to
perform when they are familiar patterns, working with involuntary actions can make involuntary
emotional patterns more recognizable. This therapy can help explain and process certain
emotions and behaviors. Feldenkrais created a map of the body to explain which emotions were
associated with the different parts of the body. By studying this map, he proposed that we could
better understand why people expressed different emotions. Because of recent links between
different scientific fields, the found relationship between psychology and body-oriented therapy
is increasingly beneficial for individuals such as dancers who work with both emotion and
physical movement
This researcher found validity in this article because it references the origin of somatic
psychology. In addition, it is written by Daria Halprin, a dancer, dance/movement therapist, and
pioneer of the dance/movement therapy field. Her expertise in the field increases the validity of
the information in her book, The Expressive Body in Life, Art, and Therapy: Working with
Movement, Metaphor, and Meaning.

Hoban, Sandra. “Motion and Emotion: The Dance/Movement Therapy Experience.” American
Association of Homes and Services for the Aging, Nov. 2000, pp. 33–34.

This report for the American Association of Homes and Services for the Aging focuses
on describing a new aspect to be offered to the elderly living in assisted living facilities. It
describes the benefits of dance/movement therapy in these circumstances and how it can be used
to improve the lives of the elderly living there. The report also describes the therapy program
that it is proposing to incorporate in the homes. At the Maplewood home in Cheshire County
there are professional dance/movement therapists working to implement this program. It
describes how this program will have benefits by creating a positive outlook for the patient
within small groups. The therapist will analyze the resident’s movements and create a personal
relationship with them to not only improve their movement and activity level but also their
emotional status and relationship with others.
This researcher found this report to be credible information about dance/movement
therapy programs because it is published by the American Association of Homes and Services
for the Aging. The information is also presented alongside the names of accredited
dance/movement therapists who are working with the program. In addition, the information
related to the benefits of dance/movement therapy itself is similar to the information found in
other sources by therapists like Dr. Susan Kleinman, who was personally interviewed by this
researcher.

Khalil, Alexander K, et al. “Group Rhythmic Synchrony and Attention in Children.” Frontiers in
Psychology, vol. 4, no. 564, 2 Sept. 2013, doi:10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00564.

This article is a report on an experiment conducted surrounding rhythmic synchrony and

attention in children. During the experiment, the scientists evaluated how improvements in
rhythmic synchrony can improve the attention span of children. The article describes how
interacting with others is one of the most important aspects of development for children in their
early years, and improving their rhythmic synchrony works on this development. The children in
the experiment were students who were evaluated on synchrony, the SWAN teacher rating
questionnaire, and the Eriksen flanker task. These three tests evaluated the children’s musical
timing abilities, measured their behavior attention, and measured their attention control with a
computer psychometric task. The article explains each of the tasks in detail and how they
contributed to the data collected in the tables.
This researcher found validity in this report because it was a professionally conducted
research experiment by professors of Psychology, Alexander K. Khalil, Victor Minces, Grainne
McLoughlin, and Andrea Chiba. In addition, the article is published in a peer review journal,
Frontiers, a credible psychology publisher.

Kleinman, Susan. “Connecting Mind and Body Through Dance and Movement Therapy.” Eating
Disorder Hope, 14 June 2013, www.eatingdisorderhope.com/treatment-for-eating-
disorders/types-of-treatments/body-movement-dance-therapy/professional-techniques.

This article explains eating disorders and the way that dance/movement therapy can be
used to help with treatment. It explains the three most important aspects of this type of therapy,
kinesthetic empathy, kinesthetic awareness, and rhythmic synchrony. Kinesthetic empathy is the
ability of the therapist to foster a shared relationship where kinesthetic awareness is the ability
for one to understand themselves on an internal level in order to understand others. Rhythmic
synchrony is being about to sync thoughts and actions with others to share expressions and
feelings. These techniques form the basis of dance/movement therapy and are the reason that this
method is so successful in accessing the origins of eating disorders. The article also provides
examples from actual patients who reflect of their experiences both with eating disorders and
dance/movement therapy. Each patient explains how they felt isolated with their mental illness
but, by using dance/movement therapy, they were able to become more in charge of themself and
their emotions.
This researcher found this article to be extremely beneficial for the research. It offered
very detailed insight on the structure of dance/movement therapy, while also providing first
person reflections of actual patients with their experience in this treatment method. The article is
published with Eating Disorder Hope, and written by Susan Kleinman, BC-DMT, NCC, CEDS,
showing that the article is both accredited and accurate.

Kleinman, Susan. “The Body Speaks: Dance/Movement Therapy Creates Movement towards
Eating Disorders Recovery.” Gürze- Salucore Eating Disorders Resource Catalogue, 3
Jan. 2016.

This article by Dr. Susan Kleinman addresses examples of dance/movement therapy and
how it works to benefit those with eating disorders. There are quick definitions of the three main
aspects of dance/movement therapy provided. However, the main focus of the article is the two
real life examples of patients and what happened for them in their therapy. One example was of a
woman who was diagnosed with anorexia nervosa because of extreme anxiety and trauma
history. Her first couple sessions were very short, as she was unengaged and not willing to
participate. Dr. Kleinman described her as being closed off and distant when trying to perform
the movement activities. However, later in their relationship, she become more comfortable with
the environment and how the dance/movement therapy is actually benefiting her. They ended up
discovering the meaning of her restrictive behavior by analyzing her movement. The patient
ended up describing how she was incredibly changed and more open after coming from sessions.
 This researcher found this article to be very helpful because of the real experience
reflections that were provided based on patients who actually went through dance/movement
therapy sessions. In addition, the article is published by a board-certified dance/movement
therapist and expert in this field. It was accessed on the Eating Disorders Resources Catalog, a
professional association for eating disorder research sources.

Kleinman, Susan. “Movement Dance Therapy in the Treatment of Eating Disorders.” Eating
Disorder Hope, 8 Aug. 2014, pp. 1–11.

This article describes the long-lasting benefits of dance/movement therapy, as well as the
actual symptoms and effects on the body from the eating disorder. It starts by showing how the
eating disorder affects the body, presenting a controlling relationship where the individual feels
in control of their body while they are not actually determining their feelings. In addition, the
person may reject their body as their own and instead refer to it as “this body,” showing how
they have lost their connection between their body and the mind. This can not only be
detrimental for emotional health but also their relationships and connections with others in their
surroundings. However, dance/movement therapy can help the patient develop a long-lasting
relationship with themselves that improves their self-esteem and their interactions in the world.
This is a vital part of eating disorder treatment and can help the patient recover for longer than
just a temporary connection.
This researcher found validity in this article because it was also published by board-
certified dance/movement therapist, Susan Kleinman. It presented similar information to her
other sources, so it was clear that the information was accurate. In addition, it was published on
Eating Disorder Hope, as well, as a accredited source for eating disorder treatment research and
resources.

Kleinman, Susan. “Show Me the Way to My Soul.” American Dance Therapy Association, 23
Feb. 2015.

This article is about the recovery of an individual who suffered from an eating disorder
and how she used dance/movement therapy as her treatment. Dr. Susan Kleinman describes
movement as the most basic form of communication, the reason for the success of
dance/movement therapy. It allows the patient to uncover their real self and their soul. The
activities in dance/movement therapy work to heighten the awareness that the individual has of
themselves and their authentic communication between mind and body. Jackie Heyen, the
recovered patient of an eating disorder wrote a song about the recovery that she experienced
called “Show Me the Way to My Soul.” This song describes the feelings that she uncovered
during the dance/movement therapy sessions she took part in during treatment and reflect how
she felt that the therapy helped her overcome the subconscious feelings causing her unhealthy
eating habits. In addition to this example, the article also provides an example of another eating
disorder patient who recovered with the help of dance/movement therapy, Melanie. It describes
how she was able to begin to trust herself once again and relieve some of the anxiety that was
causing her binge eating disorder.
This researcher found this article to be a credible source of examples for the success of
dance/movement therapy in eating disorder treatment. There were many supported, first hand
experiences and examples that were also supported by other articles written by the same author.
In addition, the article is published by Dr. Susan Kleinman on the American Dance Therapy
Association website, a very credible, reviewed association for dance/movement therapy.

Koch, Sabine C, and Diana Fischman. “Embodied Enactive Dance/Movement

Therapy.” American Journal of Dance Therapy, vol. 33, 27 Apr. 2011, pp. 57–72.
Springer, doi:10.1007/s10465-011-9108-4.

This article focuses on explaining the history and origin of dance/movement therapy. It
describes this as a form of embodied and enactive psychotherapy that is mainly concerned with
the interaction between the mind, body, and environment around. Embodiment is understanding
the body and its response to the surroundings, while enactive is referring to the ability to move
and feel the body directly during the therapy sessions. Dance/movement therapy revolves around
the response- whether positive or negative- to the surroundings, whether it be people of things
that would affect it. With dance/movement therapy, the patient is working on connecting to every
part of the internal body, all the different systems and parts on the inside that one does not
usually concern their thoughts with. However, this is very important because it encourages the
patient to truly understand all their needs and behaviors in order to access their subconscious.
This researcher found this article to be very helpful in explaining how dance/movement
therapy was actually supposed to help the patient. It was written by two accredited experts in the
field, Diana Fischman and Sabine C. Koch, both of whom are dance/movement therapists
themselves. The article was also published in the American Journal of Dance Therapy, a peer
review journal for professional research on dance therapy, as well as on the American
Association for Dance Therapy website.

Krueger, David W, and Ellen Schofield. “Dance/Movement Therapy of Eating Disordered

Patients: A Model.” The Arts in Psychotherapy, vol. 13, 1986, p. 323.

This journal article explains the necessity to have different modalities for eating disorder
treatment because of the difference in patients and symptoms with each different type. There
tends to be an endless list of possible symptoms depending on the way that the emotions of the
individual handle the eating disorders control over their decision making. This, therefore, makes
it necessary to have a variety of different way to treat eating disorders, otherwise leaving many
of those with this mental illness untreated and in a vulnerable state. Dance/movement therapy is
a relatively new and innovative model that was developed to help with a nonverbal treatment for
eating disordered patients. This journal article describes how the idea of dance/movement
therapy was developed and why this method was chosen to address the needs of these more
reserved types of patients.
This researcher found credibility in this article because it was acquired from the Arts in
Psychotherapy professional peer review journal. This shows that the information is reviewed and
double checked before puslbied, insuring its accuracy. In addition, it was written by a medical
doctor and a Master of Arts, showing the degree of information presented. It was very useful for
the research because it offered the explanation of the need for new types of therapies to reach out
to the many different types of patients with eating disorders.

Ladock, Jason. “Health Benefits of Dance.” Health Guidance,

www.healthguidance.org/entry/10409/1/Health-Benefits-of-Dance.html.
 This article focuses on the health benefits that are part of dance, explaining how the
human body is not designed to stay still for long periods of time unless it is at night when we are
sleeping to recover energy. The article is broken up, explaining each benefit: muscle tone, weight
loss, flexibility, posture, balance, kinesthetic awareness, and mood. Since weight loss is often a
demoralizing and challenging process for people, dance provides a way that is enjoyable and
does not seem like as much work. Because of the physical demands of this art, dancers often
have very toned muscles and amazing posture as a result of their work in different positions. In
addition, flexibility and balance are required as part of the art and are side benefits of working
through this process. Mood is often improved because it is an enjoyable way to gain so many
benefits without suffering through hard core exercises. Kinesthetic awareness is the body
awareness necessary to perform in a given space with other people, and is improved by this art.
This researcher found this article to be very helpful in providing information because of
the way it connected kinesthetic awareness, a focus of dance therapy, to the benefits of dance, as
well as explaining the other benefits of dance that could contribute to some of the challenges
with dance/movement therapy such as weight loss. The article was very credible because it was
published on the Health Guidance news website for research in health benefits and was therefore
reviewed by professionals in health research.

Le Grange, Daniel, and James Lock. “Family-Based Treatment of Adolescent Anorexia Nervosa:
The Maudsley Approach.” Maudsley Parents,
www.maudsleyparents.org/whatismaudsley.html.

This article explains the basis of family-based therapy and where it originated from. This
process first arose as the Maudsley Approach and is the incorporation of parents in the treatment
of patients with anorexia nervosa and other related eating disorders. The purpose of this
approach was to minimize the amount of time it took to fully treat the subject adolescents with
eating disorders with the generic cognitive based therapies that were the only offering prior to
this development. It took around 5 years to report fully treated, whereas there are around 75-90
percent of individuals who come out of the 12-month family-based therapy program fully
treated. This program breaks the treatment into 3 different phases that focus individually on
weight restoration, returning control, and establishing healthy adolescent identity. All of this is
accomplished with the assistance, company, and support of the patient’s parents and other close
family members in order to show the patient that they are not alone, nor isolated with the
therapist.
This researcher found this article to be very useful in explaining the family-based therapy
approach and the goals that lead to its development. It was found to be credible because it
originated on the Maudsley Parents website, an organization for parents of adolescents with
eating disorders, and provides all the sources for information as the end of the article for further
research.

Levy, Fran J. “Integrating the Arts in Psychotherapy: Opening the Doors of Shared
Creativity.”American Journal of Dance Therapy, vol. 36, 24 Apr. 2014, pp. 6–27.,
doi:10.1007/s10465-014-9171-8.
 This article describes the benefits of incorporating different art forms such as dance, art,
drama, and writing into the psychotherapy processes. The article details each of the different art
forms and how they function in correlation to expression and creativity. Drama is believed to
draw out inner emotions because it required truly connecting and becoming one with the
character that one is trying to portray. Art make the individual closer to themselves because one
is depicting that feelings that are within in the form of visual interpretation. Dance and
movement are primarily used for embodiment and release because it can be the act of releasing
anger or stress through actions. Following this, the article provides many examples of different
people that are involved in psychotherapy, that all experiment with the different types of art
incorporation. Chris, diagnosed with schizophrenia, used art as a way of visual interpretation,
and then the embodiment of dance and movement to express her stresses and angers.
This researcher found this article to be credible because it showed information that
connected to that which was researched earlier about the benefits of incorporating dance and
other forms of art into therapies. In addition, it was published in the American Journal of Dance
Therapy, a peer review journal that shows the appropriate information provided by the experts
and professionals involved in writing.

“Psychotherapy.” NAMI: National Alliance on Mental Illness, NAMI,

www.nami.org/Learn-More/Treatment/Psychotherapy.

This article focuses on describing the definition of psychotherapy and the basic function
that it has. Psychotherapy is where a patient works though mental illnesses with trained
professional therapist in a safe and comfortable environment in order to help treat them from
current or past problems. The article then goes into descriptions of the different types of
psychotherapy that are available and the ways that each is different, starting from the most
common and listing many more less common methods to approach this type of treatment for
mental illnesses. Cognitive based therapy was described first as a way of talking through and
exploring the personal thoughts of the patient and their feelings and behaviors. Dialectical
behavioral therapy is focused mainly on treating those who are suicidal, therefore mainly
working to talk them out of such thoughts. There were many other forms described such as Eye
Movement Desensitization and Reprocessing therapy that were each more specific for different
mental illnesses like Post Traumatic Stress Disorder.
This researcher found this article to be credible because it was published for NAMI, the
National Alliance on Mental Illness. This shows how the information is valuable and supported
because it is published by professionals who work with research and development in the
psychotherapy field. It also contains information about cognitive based therapy that was related
to the information presented in other sources like the Maudsley Parents article.

Scully, Deirdre, et al. “Physical Exercise and Psychological Well-Being.” British Journal of
Sports Medicine, vol. 32, 9 Mar. 1998, pp. 111–120.

This article explains how physical exercise is associated with the improvements in
psychotherapy and mental health. It shows different reports and studies that were conducted to
show that suc exercise can be helpful, no matter the type, in improving the mental health of any
person, without depending on their mental illness, age, gender, race, etc. Different physical
activities such as playing sports can reduce stress and anxiety levels which are main contributors
to a variety of different common mental illnesses. Usually either because they allow for
enjoyment or a lack of thought of the overall issue during that time, the carefree attitude offered
by physical activity can encourage the individual to think of things other than what is leading
them to their mental illness. In addition, exercise can improve mood and self esteem which are
major factors in mental health because of the way they cause individuals to perceive the
surroundings or themselves. Such activities can lead to positive outlooks that impact their overall
behaviors.
This researcher found this article to be credible and useful because of the information it
provided and the source. It was very beneficial in describing how physical activity can be
associated with therapy, connecting to the benefits of dance/movement therapy mentioned in the
research. In addition, the article was written by experts in the British Journal of Sports Medicine,
a professional peer review journal for related information.

“Talk Therapies.” Healthtalk.org, July 2015.

This article explains talk therapy and its basic functions, showing how this is the same
thing as Cognitive based therapy, the more formal name for this type of treatment. At first, it
explains the general benefits of cognitive based therapies in treatment for different mental
illnesses and how there are many different variations of this type of treatment in order to adapt to
the different needs of patients. It also explains ways in which one can evaluate which therapist
and type of cognitive therapy is the best fitting for their situation. The article then gives an
overview of the many different types of cognitive therapies, such as family based therapy, group
therapy, and counselling. Family based therapy works with parents or other close family
members to treat the patient with the support and assistance of those that they are more
comfortable with. Group therapy works with others suffering the same illness to come to a group
conclusion, and counselling, often at schools or professions, works to talk out differences in a
closed and safe environment. The article also explains so limitations to talk therapies that can
cause patients to use more than just this verbal method for their treatment.
This researcher found this article very useful because showed the limitations, one of the
sections of the research conducted. In addition, it was puslibehd on an health organization
website as a article by Young People’s experiences. This is peer reviewed information and not
published for commercial purposes.

Taylor, C Barr, et al. “The Relation of Physical Activity and Exercise to Mental Health.” Public
Health Reports, vol. 100, no. 2, 1985, pp. 195–202.

This report was an experiment that tested for the relationship between physical activity
and mental health improvements. The report first explained that mental health was a huge
concern in the world, and that physical activity may be connected to psychological aspects of our
lives. There are proposed benefits such as improved confidence, self esteem, and mood, as well
as anxiety, which can lead to mental illnesses, and a reduction of stress. This improvement could
be the key to treating and preventing mental illnesses by encouraging people to participate in
physical activities. The data collected shows that, with most circumstances and mental health
issues in workers and co-workers, there was a significant improvement of the measured factors
like confidence, self-esteem, and reduction of anxiety. This shows that there is a correlation
between the increase in the amount of physical activity participated in, and the mental health
status of people.
This researcher found this article to be very credible because it was puslibehd in Public
Health Reports. This is a professional journal that contains peer reviewed sources, and therefore
data that is accurate and accredited. The information also was related to the research collected
with other experiments on the correlation between physical activity and the mental health status
of individuals. This related to the research because it worked to support the assumptions made
with the benefits of dance in psychotherapy.

The Center for Eating Disorders. “Family Therapy Is about Fostering Growth and
Understanding.” Eating Disorders.

This article was used to explain the specific benefits of family based therapy for patients
with eating disorders. It references how ensuring that family is involved in the treatment process
is essential because it allows for extra support for the patient and a sense that they are not going
through the treatment alone. These sessions can contain members of a family origin, close
current family members, or other trust close individuals. These people can show not only
support, but can also reflect the therapy in other way outside of the actual therapy session.
Family members can bring the therapy activities home to allow the patient to become more
encouraged to work on such methods more than only when they are facing in front of the
therapist directly. This form of therapy, while most common for adolescents, can be used for all
different types of people and all different ages. There are versions of this therapy called couples
therapy where the spouse will join in during sessions, and multi-family sessions where there is a
group meeting of more than one family in the same situation so they have an even larger support
network to work with.
This researcher found this source to be very helpful with its information on the benefits
of incorporating family in therapy for eating disorders. In addition, the information and the
article are very credible because they come from The Center for Eating Disorders at Sheppard
Pratt in Baltimore, Maryland, a well known association for treating eating disorders at a high
success rate. This also shows that the information provided is research from professionals in this
field.

The National Association for Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders. Eating Disorder
Statistics Infographic.

This infographic shows the statistics for the number of individuals in the world who
suffer from eating disorders. It shows how, despite popular thought, 1 out of every 10 individuals
with an eating disorder are male, because this type of mental illness does not only affect the
female population, while it may be a much larger percentage. In addition, only 1 out of every 10
people with an eating disorder actually receive treatment for their mental illness, which is one of
the reasons why 20% of people with eating disorders die prematurely because of complications
met due to the mental illness. This may be caused by things like heart failures or suicide. The
infographic also depicts that only 35% of people who actually receive treatment are treated in a
professional facility for treating eating disorders. The chart shows how this mental illness is
actually a major concern because there are an extreme number of cases in comparison to the
number of people who actually end of being treated properly and recovering from their eating
disorder.
This researcher found this infographic to be very useful because it supports the
background of the research and how severe of a health issue eating disorders have become
throughout the world. In addition, the statistics provided on the infographic are credible because
they originated from the National Association for Anorexia Nervosa and Associated Disorders,
the association for research on eating disorders.

“17 Excuses People Give to Avoid Going to Talk Therapy (and Why They Should Really
Rethink Them).” The Invisible Scar, 20 Mar. 2016,
theinvisiblescar.wordpress.com/2015/06/29/17-reasons-people-give-for-not-going-to-
talk-therapy/.

This article reports on the many reasons and excuses that people commonly give for not
going to get treatment for with talk therapies for eating disorders. It describes how many people
believe that they would not know where to find a good therapist and how to know whether they
were a good therapist or not. This causes issues because people do not want to pay and spend
time going to see a therapist who will not end up benefiting them in the long run. Another reason
is that people think that once they find a good therapist, that they will cost too much money and
they are not willing to pay for this service, believing that it is not that much of a priority. Some
people even believe that they do not need a therapist and are either “trying” to treat themselves
or are in denial of their mental illness altogether. Some people do not seek therapy because they
are embarrassed that they have to go to get help, or that other people will see them as weak. In
addition, others believe that it is rude to go and complain to someone else or to talk about other
people in the closed environment as the source of their issues. Some also believe that there is no
way for the therapist to understand because the issue is very personal.
This researcher found this article to be very beneficial for the research because it
contributed to the section on the complications that arise when using talk therapy individually.
The article was found to have credibility because it was written by the editor of The Invisible
Scar, a journal project started in order to use the experiences of others in order to improve the
programs and resources offered to the community. This shows that the article was written off a
compilation of different first-hand experiences, and with the primary purpose to improve the
available community resources.