Trenchless construction technology

Plus micro letter: DCI China.

Preliminaries:
Angle of the swash plate made in certain circumstances, the larger the area, the stronger the deflecting ability.

The harder the soil build stronger oblique ability.

one. Personal safety and the safety of underground pipelines:

1. transport process.

2. The lifting process.

3. Process-oriented, across the river, over the road.

4. The construction process, unearthed point security.

5. Pit excavation work to prevent landslides, check the pipeline to prevent hypoxia poisoning.

problem 1 : When conflict in safety and construction progress, we are still the main progress

To safety?

To safety.

two. Site survey:

1. Through the constitution of the formation.

2. Identify underground pipeline distribution and orientation.

3. Drill rig, mud and put pullback pipeline. Water locations.

4. Interference testing site. Signal rod without batteries, measure the ambient electromagnetic signal strength, channel

Interference signal strength said that the greater. 1.5 Times the depth of the test.

three. Drilling curve design:

1. A plurality of curves is composed of a right triangle.

Calculated for each triangle of side length, the cumulative depth can be derived.
2. basic concept:

Drill head down tilt angle of elevation is negative, a positive elevation angle of the drill bit upward tilt.

Pour elevation negative increase in depth, tilt angle of elevation is positive in depth reduction.

Calculation problems 1:

Rod length 3 Meters, angle - 30% Buried, continuous drilling 3 Root depth value is how much?

Calculation problems 2 :

Underground drill 2 Meters deep, long drill is 3 Meters, inclination is - 10% Asked the same inclination drill 1

Root depth is how many? Continuous drilling 3 Root depth is how many? Continuous drilling 3 After the root is the horizontal distance

How many?

A drilling depth increases 0.3 M, total depth 2.3 Meter. Continuous drilling 3 To increase the depth of the root

0.9 M, total depth 2.9 Meter. Continuous drilling 3 Root is the horizontal distance forward 9 Meter.

3. Bending radius:

Pullback line curvature greater than the curvature of the drill pipe to the drill rod is calculated curvature.
Pullback line is less than the degree of curvature of the curved rod curved line to pullback calculation, for example.

Steel Pipe.

Pipe bend radius R = 1200d

d Diameter steel pipe.

Calculation problems 3 :

Calculate the diameter 450 Mm steel pipe bending radius is how much?

R = 1200 * 450MM

= 540000mm

= 540 Meter

4. When laying pipe, the bending angle of each rod is calculated:

Calculation problems 4 :
Pipe diameter 450 Mm, a length of drill pipe 3 Meters, calculate the displacement angle α of each rod is

How many?

α= L * 360 °

2 * 540 * 3.14

= 0.318 °

5. When laying steel tube, the depth and length of the relationship:

Right triangle Pythagorean chord law:

Calculation problems 5 :

Pipe diameter 450 Mm. Owner required depth 12 Meters, calculate the minimum horizontal length

How much is?

Radius is the length of the hypotenuse 540 Meter. Adjacent sides of length 540-12 = 528 Meter.
113 + 113 = 226 Meter,

four. Interference, jamming, sounding instrument principle:

And methods of interference. The depth of the principle of interference classification, measurement instruments.

Interference testing:

1 , 2 Who opened the depths 1.5 Times, parallel move forward.

2 , Signal strength measurements.

Interference categories:

Proactive interference

Passive interference

Three methods of interference;

1 Changing time.

2 , Changing (curve) position.

3 , The drill mark.

Fives. Construction Technology

1. Anti-expansion.

2.. Positive expansion.

3. Soil resilience. Process pore explained.

A tube into a soil pipe mud, mud into a tube, a tube into a uniform mud.

4. Select the reamer. Spreader cutting, by a strong ability to drill small consumption, easy to shape

Into a feature dense hole wall. Drum squeeze-spreader, by poor, large power consumption rig,

Characterized easy to form a dense hole wall. Runner-type reamer, given therebetween.
5. Pulling the tube diameter reaming 1.5 Times.

The holes in the tube pulling force analysis: gravity, buoyancy, frictional resistance and traction.

Calculation problems 6 :

Q. diameter 400 Mm steel pipe, the diameter of the final reaming is how much?

400 * 600 = 1.5 Mm.

Exam questions

common problem

six. Slurry Technology:

1 Control water loss.

2 , Suspended solids discharged drill cuttings

3, lubrication

4, cooling effect

With slurry water Bentonite and added to the chemical pulp slurry in water with the formation of the drilling fluid.

Hydration Hydration is the process of bentonite particles absorb water.

Popped It represents the bentonite particles has been completely hydrated.

Viscosity Drilling fluid metric denseness. The viscosity of the drilling fluid is preferably 1 quart

Measured by the Marsh Funnel time required (in seconds).

Adhesive strength It represents the adhesive strength or the ability to transport drilling fluid through the drill suspending ability and

Hole transport ability of solid particles.

Water loss Dehydration process is a slurry with water from the drilling fluid to be extruded. By pressure

The filter was determined.

Displaced water Refers displaced water drilling fluid extruded from the slurry with water (see FIG dehydration

Example -3E)

Mud is a tool

HDD goal is the construction of a successful drilling and drilling control. The drilling fluid may cool, lubricate

Drilling and stable, and therefore do the same rig is a tool. The drilling fluid is formulated such that the correct

Contractors to lay utility lines as safely and efficiently.

A. No drilling mud

Do not use the correct preparation of drilling fluid effects on drilling:

Dry drilling : Either sand or clay layer, dry drilling rod can cause overheating (a

Friction), damage to the bit body and the rod signals, resulting in failure of the borehole.

Only the drilling of water:

Sand : Use water only, will not be drilling operations in the sand layer. Water pumped into a borehole, i.e.,

Oozing from the tunnel into the formation, resulting in collapse of drilling, pile up around the drill pipe. Once this situation

Happens, rig few horsepower can have overcome such soil weight, may cause

Drill losses.

Claypan : Bentonite clay and similar, so easy to absorb moisture like a sponge. The reality is

Clay absorb moisture and gradually swell in contact with the drill pipe, the drill string and utility line. If this situation

If it appears particularly acute at the exit location of the borehole, because it shows water (or inadequate

Drilling fluid) has been fully infiltrated clay. Pull back when, when the driller hand began to feel the pressure of rotation
When (torque) increases, will think back to the expanded rotation problems, the reality is that it is overcome

Applied to the front end of the drill pipe to the drill surface tension (friction). Over time, this situation may

It can cause the drill string is completely bonded and cause damage to the laying utility lines.

Why use drilling fluid

The benefits of using the correct drilling drilling fluid formulated:

• Inhibition of clay and shale

• Solids suspended cuttings

• Stable drilling

• Control water loss

• Reduce the "paste drill"

• Reduce the rotational torque

• Utility line and reduce friction of the drill pipe

• Improve rig performance and life

• Probably the cheapest insurance policy

• Improve profit performance ---

Drilling fluid ingredients

There are four major components of the drilling fluid, compounded by a predetermined amount, form generally called drilling "mud

Pulp. "

It is:

1, Bentonite

2, the polymer
3, water treatment agent

4, water

Bentonite

Bentonite is a clay derivative, a clay material is a natural, easy to bond with water, dried

In the manufacture of ceramic tiles and the like products. In nine different character classes, there are more than 50

The clay, which reacts with water produced vary. Some clay having plasticity, such as molding

Clay; Other clay will absorb large amounts of water, such as white clay, resulting in adhering to the drill pipe

On a string.

From sodium bentonite - montmorillonite clay deposits, usually mined in Wyoming, swelling

Soil to have a close adhesion of a fine plate-like chemical structure. If one cubic inches swelling

Within the soil are separated from each plate, placed side to side in a single plane, enough to completely cover 6

football field.

To slightly alkaline water with vigorous stirring called sheared, and the clay plates separated respectively

Water molecules, the water absorption plate 15-fold volume expansion bentonite. These plate-shaped

Plates remain suspended by ionization, when completely separated, so that the viscosity of the liquid

Increase, a process known as puffing.

Inside the guide hole or bore flared back, fully expanded bentonite escape since the liquid pressure

And the region of the stream to loose soil, their mutual adhesion. Properly formulated drilling fluid, the viscosity
Soil plates held parallel to each other in a solvent to produce a thin waterproof layer of clay in the pores, the attachment

Superimposed on each other in the flat plate-shaped channels surrounding the clay, forming a sealing layer, called Cake .

Cake help stabilize the hole and can significantly reduce Water loss .

In addition to a filter cake, and water loss control, the drilling fluid may also improve the bentonite suspension characteristics,

Sometimes called Adhesive strength Or drill cuttings suspended solids and the ability with which the tunnel. glue

Adhesive strength is generally a measure of viscosity, by adding certain polymers, may be

Improve adhesive strength.

Bentonite Bentonite --- for controlling the use of various types of non-steady-state / non-dense formations, such as

Sand, gravel layer. Cuttings and that the muddy clay loam layer generated from the soil in the swim

Leave out is also useful. Bentonite may seal the pores and provide the desired lift capacity / adhesive

The strength of the solid discharge hole cuttings. In the horizontal directional drilling, generally two types of

Bentonite, one is the selection of bentonite, commonly known as "enhanced" Bentonite, each manufacturer of this

Products has its own unique name. When using a selection of bentonite, adding a special short

Chain polymers can improve their absorbency.

Per ton of pure bentonite can be expanded to about 80 barrels (42 gallons / barrel), selection of about a tonne of bentonite

200 barrels can be expanded. This is the horizontal directional drilling industry, the most widely used bentonite.

Bentonite second for horizontal directional drilling industry is a "a hybrid" products, including

Aqueous treatment without further its PH testing and deployment. Therefore, the operator can these
Products directly into the compounding system, expanded to continue drilling.

polymer

Natural polymers, modified natural, biological or synthetic chemicals, the application range of ten

Broad minutes, the ice cream from the car using the rubber bumpers are many things to polymer

Different properties. Such as starch, cellulose, etc., it had been used since ancient times added to water to produce viscous

And increases lubricity, which can be traced back many years ago in terms of the use of drilling fluid.

Synthetic polymers is the recent research results, and the processing of organic chemistry that is polymerizable compound

Solution, formulated and developed on the basis of use.

Although these compounds have a large number of organic chemical components, but they are referred to by the chain The chemical bo

Obtained by coupling a single molecule. The chemical form of the polymer chain and the number of the same chemical chain

Categorize different types of chemical chains will produce different polymers, so that the drilling fluid has

Different performance.

Polymers may be used alone, but usually to add it to the base drilling fluid. The basic drilling fluid

From the treated water by blending bentonite and efficient to have the desired viscosity of the extruded composition. Add to

Polymer for various reasons under certain conditions, the main reasons are: inhibition of clays and shales,

Improve lubricity and prevent paste drill, an increase in viscosity and water loss control.

Only rely on itself bentonite drilling fluid formulated to control water loss, it will be too thick to use its

Suction pump, and will form a thick wall cake unstable, resulting pullback too much resistance. Mi

Complement is added bentonite PAC polymer product to reduce water loss, is controlled while reducing

Bentonite drilling required braking amount.

Application of bentonite:

PHPA polymer Clay and shale inhibitors. For example, which is attached to the clay and / or shale
On the ground to prevent moisture penetration. The PHPA polymer slurry was added with water can be significantly increased

The viscosity and lubricating ability. These polymers themselves are often used in compacting soil in small-diameter hole

Drilling holes, where bentonite is generally used as an additive to increase the viscosity and lubricating ability.

Use of polymer fixation (sealing) in the clay strata, preventing water infiltrated with slurry formation, making

Expansion into the formation.

PAC Polymers for controlling water loss. As the drilling fluid, PAC is almost always mixed and bentonite

Use, in addition to prevent water loss, it can also improve the lubricating ability, help prevent paste drill. The product

In the non-dense product formation can significantly improve the performance of the drilling fluid. Add PAC in bentonite,

By controlling water loss and increase lubrication, mud can reduce the required torque, thrust, and the whole project

The amount of slurry, to successfully complete the drilling.

Water Treatment Chemicals Mainly for small HDD construction. Drilling fluid mixed with water taken from the city water,

PH value generally lies between 5 and 7, the need to increase the PH value to the range of 8-9 when using this

We will add soda.

Shimizu Drilling fluid prior to addition of the test product should be washed with water and the PH value is adjusted.

Compounding and testing

Mixed --- How to correct mixed drilling fluid

• Check with a water slurry PH value

• Adding soda to adjust PH value to 8-9

• Through the nozzle / venturi type input compounding apparatus bentonite

two. Bentonite start puffing

• Check the viscosity

• If the viscosity is too low, repeat steps 2--5

• Adding polymer needed

Drilling fluid test --- Introduction mud test equipment, use and other information to the drilling personnel.

PH value of the test

All basic tests with slurry mainly for water acidity or alkalinity PH value of the test.

Litmus paper from a simple to a precise instrument, the various types of test equipment PH can be purchased.

PH for measuring the slurry with an acidic or alkaline water, measured on a scale between 0 and 14, an intermediate

7 represents a neutral value, PH acidic value of less than 7, greater than 7 was Alkaline . For the HDD, management

I think PH value is (slightly alkaline) between 8 and 9.

PH value appropriate help bentonite 1) Expanded faster 2) fully expanded 3) are kept in suspension.

PH value also influences expanded PHPA polymer.

1. Expanded Faster Bentonite appropriate PH value can suck the plate-like component as quickly as possible

Yield pulp with water. Benefits: Time spent compounding and puffing shorter, leaving drilling

The more time.

2. Completely puffed Expanded appropriate PH value can be maximized. As described above, selection of expansion

Bentonite plates may be expanded to 15 times its original size. Water quality (PH) would seriously

Expansion of the influence of bentonite, bentonite poor water quality would prevent puffing, so that it only

You can reach 5 to 10 times the original size. Benefit fully puffed: appropriate regulation
 PH value may be bulked maximized, thereby reducing the required bentonite under the same conditions

Amount, thereby reducing the cost of drilling fluid and increase profits.

3. Remain suspended In the HDD construction site, bentonite can be observed from the tank

Or precipitation analysis, the operator is generally deemed necessary to solve this problem by stirring.

The reality is, PH value is not the time, will be isolated from the bentonite slurry with water in.

note: If bentonite segregation in the tank, it will be isolated in the borehole. maintain

Benefits of suspension: the drilling fluid will remain in a uniform state and obtain a desired sealing and transport

Delivery capability.

The secret of success: In general, to achieve the best results, with water slurry should be adjusted to PH value

Between 8 and 9.

Viscosity

Definition: The viscosity is a measure liquid "flow resistance" in.

All basic test drilling Marsh Funnel viscosity of the solvent is Viscosity Test. It takes only a certain measure

Amount (one quart) of the drilling fluid to pass through a calibrated orifice required (in seconds).

get on Marsh Funnel Viscosity Test :

• The amount of finger holes plugged at the bottom of the Marsh funnel, the funnel through the top of the drilling fluid

Filter funnel injection, the drilling fluid until it reaches the screen surface. note: Common mistake

Is the only plus 1 quart of drilling fluid in the funnel, rather than fill funnel, which

Viscosity reading is greater than the actual value.

• The 1 quart cup was placed under the funnel test.

• The finger is removed from the funnel orifice simultaneously activating the "timer."

• When the drilling fluid level reaches one quart cup tick within the test stop "time

Is. "

test results: The amount of time (in seconds) required for one quart drilling fluid flow, liquid viscosity

Metric. For example, if the time to reach the liquid flow through the funnel the test cup 1 quart of tick

50 seconds, the viscosity of this liquid is said to 50, if desired volume of the liquid flowing through the same

Time is 70 seconds, the viscosity referred to 70 (or 70 seconds) liquid.

Water loss test

Loss test requires a special filter called a pressure filter apparatus. In this experiment, mixed

The drilling fluid sample is pressed into a special filter may be trapped liquid particles, within a specific period of time,

Collecting the flow-through particles ( "wall cake") and a liquid filter paper was measured. The collected liquid is called "filter

Liquid ", liquid can explain how the test is to prevent water loss of drilling. Interception of bread into the wall

Line test can also learn inadequate sealing effect as well as collapse and expand the drilling area.

program:
 1. 100psi Pressure test vessel for about 30 minutes.

2. Measure filtrate (loss) volume, with a cubic centimeter.

3. Remove and check the "wall cake"

Other methods: pressure 7.5 minutes, and then multiply the result by 2 filtrate.

Drilling fluid designed for a variety of soil

The following principles provide some information about design aspects of the drilling fluid, it is important to point out that,

This knowledge only as an introduction to basic information. However, we should focus on the PH value of slurry with water,
Bentonite type and viscosity, polymer type and the amount of increase in viscosity. It should also be noted that the driller's hand

Feed rate, rotational and sliding pressure, while the other construction personnel regularly observed at reflux, then

Upon formulation suitable drilling fluid to reduce the pressure.

In the clay drilling: Pure clay, water and common drilling PHPA polymer compound as

liquid. More pure clay, the greater the viscosity, the better the effect of this work was compounded. However, when

When using a cutting method instead of reaming extrusion embodiment, the cuttings need to be transported out of suspension and hole

Holes, for one kind of the base 40 bentonite PHPA polymer is used together with the viscosity will improve

Control of drilling.

In clay - Drilling loam layer: The soil is mainly a mixture of clay and sand, wherein the clay

It is the main component. 40 viscosity base mixed with bentonite 10 can increase the viscosity of the polymer

Use can be achieved very good results in the clay - Loam layer borehole produces fine cut

Chips, and this can be suspended bentonite drilling cuttings and transport it out; the same time, the polymer will be solid

Set (sealing) a clay, and can prevent the contraction of the aperture drilled to provide lubrication to reduce drill pipe, drill

And the laying of utility lines surface friction.

Sandy loam layer: When the drill more sandy loam layer, bentonite should be increased viscosity of the base

To 50, and the polymer should be changed from the PAC PHPA. The higher the sediment concentration, the more easily the soil release

More cuttings, it is necessary to increase the capacity of the suspension out of its hole.

Sand: When drilling sand embodiment, one kind with a special bentonite viscosity of 50 as a basic material
Together with the polymer material blended into the drilling fluid PAC; adding a sufficient amount of such a polymer may be mixed

The viscosity of the composition by 10%. Such a drilling fluid has good suspension characteristics, can produce both solid

And thin filter cake, and to control water loss.

Layer aggregates: Because gradually changed from sand and small pebbles aggregates, the viscosity of the drilling fluid

It must be increased in order to effectively suspending cuttings.

Effective design requires a drilling fluid to the drilling fluid composition and the clear purpose of each ingredient

Understanding, but also has practical experience in the relevant specific conditions.

According formation frequently encountered are as follows:

A. Claypan
Clay cuttings in mud automatically dispersed, easily out, the slurry viscosity may be lower. Bao plus

drilling fluid is designed to suppress clay swelling, shrink diameter, sloughing good lubricating properties mud, and to

prevent the drill bit balling clay, reduced torque.

B . Sand, silt layer

The grit formation problems often appear, due to sand and good permeability, the pore walls of the filter cake

Thick, easy sticking. Drilling fluid is added to provide adhesive tape Po sand, fluid loss and increase the lubricity

Sex.

C . Gravel, sand flow

Grit problem is more serious, in addition to adding drilling fluid treasure, the need to increase the use of clay

Volume, improve mud

The proportion can be effective. Additives if desired, is added to produce a higher viscosity, such as liquid

FLOWZAN polymer.

D . Salt formation

Po main object plus drilling fluid comprising salt, to maintain appropriate viscosity so that the slurry

And fluid loss; as

Salt water or saline formation water, it is important to increase the ratio of the slurry, so that the mud column

pressure higher than the pressure of the brine or seawater.

E . Hard sandstone layer

 Hard sandstone with a certain porosity, are permeable, Po plus drilling fluid water loss and aimed at

reducing cake thickness, and anti-card with sand.

F . And a variety of limestone bedrock

Hard formations, such as sand with no problem, do not add Po drilling fluid.

The above list is as follows:

Stratum Bentonite dosage Slurry viscosity (Marsh Po drilling fluid and effect concentration (%)

(%) funnel, seconds), the proportion of

Mud clay and less Add soda water Do not add drilling fluid treasure

sand mud

Clay, silt 3-5 35-40 , 1.01-1.02 Inhibition of clay swelling, lubrication, 0.1

Clay sand 3-5 40-45 , 1.01-1.02 With sand, clay swelling inhibition, 0.1

Silty sand 5-8 45-50 , 1.02-1.04 With sand, fluid loss, lubrication, 0.1-0.2

Gravel * 14-20 60-90 , 1.06-1.08 Adhesive tape lifting sand, into the hole, 0.2-0.4

Fill soil 4-6 40-45 , 1.01-1.03 Inhibition of clay swelling, lubrication, 0.1-0.2

Quicksand 10-18 55-80 , 1.04-1.08 With sand, into the hole, 0.2-0.4

Salt sediment layer 4-8 35-40 , 1.01-1.04 Salt and fluid loss, 0.2-0.3
* Add liquid if needed FLOWZAN

Drilling to normal drilling fluid decided to increase the amount of treasure

Due to formation properties, equipment conditions, and the expansion displacement mud soil mass with different

With, on the table

Listed as a guide. Drilling is to determine the actual situation of drilling fluid and mud treasure if used properly

quasi

then.

Po drilling fluid in an amount depending on the nature of the factors may be passed through the aperture,

the number of reaming, the formation aperture length. According to experience the country, the general layer of mud, silt layer and silt layer, pore size

Mm and a length 150-300 M, using 1-2 Barrel; aperture 250-300 Mm and a length 75-150 M, use half a bucket, 30-50 M by

one aperture only 1/3 Barrel; large rigs, some of the construction team each 20

Cubic meters of pulp plus 1 Barrel, drilling fluid is maintained at a concentration Po 0.1% , For reference.

Usually the following conditions must be promptly added to drilling fluids treasure in order to ensure the smooth progress of

A. Drill cuttings (often called sand) does not come out with

B. Torque increasing drilling or drilling limp

C. When the resistance of large or stuck to drill

D. Start reaming

E. Any reason to suspend operations

F. Ready trombone
 4 . Mud loss treatment

In a multi-level crossing trenchless ex few meters to tens of meters at the surface, the formation is generally more sparsely

Loose, often mud losses, often only partially pumped into the hole of mud returns. With the mud leak

Loss, cuttings away portion, it will often reduce leakage itself, as long as not prevent drilling and reaming may be

No processing. However, if you must properly handled in the following circumstances:

A . Perforations surrounding environment does not allow mud losses. As in airport runways, buildings, residential areas,

Park.
B . Leakage forever, no decreasing trend, impact drilling.

Long distance level crossing and drag pipe. In order to reduce slurry consumption, reduce cost and to reduce tube drag force using

buoyancy slurry, the required aperture filled with mud.

1 . Estimating an amount of slurry:

V = π / 4 ( D²-d² ) LA

V- Volume (water) D- Large diameter d- Diameter of the orifice

L- Across the total length A- Coefficient (taken 3-5 )

T = Vt

T- The total amount of mud V- Volume (water) t- The amount of slurry per cubic

Note: 1 Not square with mud 1 Fang soil, mud up to bring out the best 20%

Each rod is calculated to determine the amount of slurry required speed backreaming.

2 . Back tension Estimate:

Pipe weight G = (D outer ²-D Inside ²) π / 4Ld

G - Pipe weight L- The total length of pipe

D outer - Tube diameter d- Pipe proportion

D Inside - Tube diameter

 buoyancy F Float = π / 4 D outer ²LdG

F float - buoyancy D outer - Tube diameter

L- The total length of pipe d - Mud weight (Bentonite 1.25 ~ 1.45 )

G- Pipe weight

Computing Rally F = ( G - F float ) K

G- Pipe weight F float - buoyancy

K- Coefficient of friction ( 0.2 to 0.6 According to the actual situation)

Equipment Safety pullback F ≤ 80% Equipment capacity

six. Guide instrument used:

Guide instrument data transmission:

Dumping elevation clock face (angle), temperature, battery charge,

Signal strength (measuring depth) positioning, direction.

project 2 Meter 3 Meter 4 Meter 5 Meter 6 Meter 7 Meter 8 Meter

Display value 2.01 3.01 3.99 4.95 5.90 6.8 7.65

Signal strength 562 490 430 390 354 323

degree

project 9 Meter 10 Meter 11 Meter 12 Meter 13 Meter

Display value 8.45 9.24

Signal strength297 275

degree

The relationship between SNR and accuracy.

Greater than the signal strength of the electromagnetic wave interference strength around, the more accurate precision.

Seven. Preparation of the construction process (plan)

. Preparation of the construction program

content include:

(1). Project Overview The reason stated construction according to the actual situation of the project, now

Field soil conditions, anti-corrosion materials and pipes, and other pipeline depth;

(2). Construction Technology

. A construction rig: 1 Surveying; 2 flat ground; 3 installation;.

4. The drill guide holes; 5 pre (back) reaming; 6 pullback line.

. Pipeline construction B: Preparation of pipe 1; 2 welding; 3 test pressure; 4 trap;...

5. corrosion.

. C site restoration: if necessary, after the construction of a field buried point

To restore or repair.

D. calculate the theoretical amount of drilling fluid required for each process.

(3) construction program

. A construction rig 1. Device for transfer; 2. Surveying; 3 drill guide

Hole; 4. Pre (back) reaming; 5 pullback pipeline;

6. demolition, relocation, clearance.

 . B 1. Prepare pipe pipeline construction; 2 welding; 3 swing pipe

put.

(4). Construction measures

(A) in strict accordance with design requirements specification standard construction.

(B) The pull of estimates, the construction should not exceed the maximum tensile rig with a maximum pullback force.

i. Each drill pipe angle change should be based on the pipe and allow the elastic deformation of the drill pipe

Laying a radius of curvature, can not exceed;

ii. Mud should be properly formulated according to the actual construction site soil conditions, and

Ensure adequate amount of slurry, promote good hole is formed;

iii. In the case of force close to the biggest drilling rigs pullback force, measures should be taken to reduce the

Resistance, such as: introducing digging pits; hoisted by a crane; synchronous power and the like.

(5). Construction Organization

1, Staff (major): site management, control the hand, the hand driller, mud

Mixed

2, Equipment (major): rig, steering equipment, mud system, intercom

Etc.

3, Material (mainly supplies): mud additives, fuel oil, lubricants, anti

Frozen liquid, skids, welding, etc.

(6). Construction plans and progress

1, the plan stated when construction is scheduled to start, when completed, planned work

In a few days and so on.

2, indicate the progress of the construction schedule, such as: approach, commissioning a few days; drill
 Pilot hole, reaming, pullback each take several days and so on.

(7) The field layout, design curve, construction and auxiliary construction plan, etc. FIG.

1 - 0.3 10% Meter 2.7

2 - 0.6 20% Meter 2.1

3 - 0.9 30% Meter 1.2

4 - 1.2 40% Meter 0

1 - 0.3 10% Meter 2.7

2 - 0.6 20% Meter 2.1

3 - 0.9 30% Meter 1.2

4 , - 1.05 35% 0.15