ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I

Lecture No. 19

Beam Deflections using

Area-Moment Method (AMM)
► Euler-Bernoulli Equation
► Moment-Area Theorems
► Area-Moment Method (AMM)
► Moment Diagram by-Parts
► Maximum Beam Deflection

Jessica M. Junio
Institute of Civil Engineering
University of the Philippines Diliman
 First Moment–Area Theorem
Recall the Euler-Bernoulli Equation,
ⅆ2 𝑦 𝑀 Consider two points C and D,
≈
ⅆ𝑥 2 𝐸𝐼
ⅆ𝑦 ⅆ 2 𝑦 ⅆ𝜃
=𝜃 =
ⅆ𝑥 ⅆ𝑥 2 ⅆ𝑥

ⅆ𝜃 𝑀
=
ⅆ𝑥 𝐸𝐼
𝐷 𝑥𝐷
𝑀
ⅆ𝜃 = ⅆ𝑥
𝐶 𝑥𝐶 𝐸𝐼
𝑥𝐷
𝑥𝐷
𝑀 𝑀
𝜃𝐷 − 𝜃𝐶 = ⅆ𝑥 𝜃𝐷/𝐶 = ⅆ𝑥
𝐸𝐼 𝑥𝐶 𝐸𝐼
𝑥𝐶

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 2

 First Moment–Area Theorem

𝑥𝐷
𝑀
𝜃𝐷/𝐶 = ⅆ𝑥
𝑥𝐶 𝐸𝐼

► The angle between the tangents at

any two points on the elastic curve
equals the area under the M/EI
diagram between these two points.

Sign Convention: Note:

+ area = CCW rotation The tangent line at the second
- area = CW rotation subscript is the reference tangent.

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 3

 Second Moment–Area Theorem

Consider a differential length PP’ at x distance from C. Recall: s = r

ⅆ𝑡
ⅆ𝑡 = 𝑥ⅆ𝜃 ⅆ𝜃 =
𝑥

From 1st Moment-Area Theorem,

𝑀
ⅆ𝜃 = ⅆ𝑥
𝐸𝐼

Substituting,
𝑀
𝑥 ⅆ𝑡 = 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
𝐸𝐼

𝑥𝐷
𝑀
𝑡𝐶/𝐷 = 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
𝑥𝐶 𝐸𝐼

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 4

 Second Moment–Area Theorem
𝑥𝐷
𝑀
𝑡𝐶/𝐷 = 𝑥 ⅆ𝑥
𝑥𝐶 𝐸𝐼

𝑥𝐷
𝑡𝐶/𝐷 = 𝑥ⅆ𝐴
𝑥𝐶

𝑡𝐶/𝐷 = 𝑥𝐶 𝐴𝐶→𝐷

► The tangential deviation (tC/D) of C

with respect to D is equal to the first
moment with respect to a vertical
axis through C of the area under the
(M/EI) diagram between C and D.

Sign Convention:
+ 𝑡𝐶/𝐷 = upward deviation Note:

- 𝑡𝐶/𝐷 = downward deviation The tangent line at the second subscript is the reference tangent.

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 5

 Second Moment–Area Theorem

Note: 𝑡𝐶/𝐷 ≠ 𝑡𝐷/𝐶

𝑡𝐶/𝐷 = 𝑥𝐶 𝐴𝐶→𝐷 𝑡𝐷/𝐶 = 𝑥𝐷 𝐴𝐶→𝐷

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 6

 Area-Moment Method

Example 1.

Determine the displacement of points B and C

of the beam shown if EI is constant.

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 7

 Area-Moment Method

Example 2.

Determine the slope at point C for the steel

beam shown and the deflection under the
load. E = 200 GPa; I = 17x106 mm4

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 8

 Area-Moment Method

What if…

Loading Diagram:

Moment Diagram:

Complicated Moment Diagram!

How to get the areas and centroids?!

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 9

 Moment Diagram by Parts
► Evaluate the effect of each load independently
By superposition,

Total Loading

Distributed Load

Moment

Point Load

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 10

 Derived Moment Diagram by Parts

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 Area-Moment Method

Example 3.

Determine the slope and deflection at end B

of the prismatic beam shown.

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 12

 Area-Moment Method

Example 4.
Determine the slope at the support A and the displacement at
point C of the beam shown. EI is constant.

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 13

 Maximum Beam Deflection

Possible Locations

► Points at which the slope of the tangent line to the deflection curve is ZERO.
► Free ends
► Internal Hinges
JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 15
 Area-Moment Method

Example 5.

Determine the maximum deflection along the beam shown

using AMM if its flexural rigidity EI is constant.

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 16

 Area-Moment Method

Example 6.
If P = 10 kN, L = 6 m, a = 2m, determine the maximum deflection
in the beam shown. E = 200 GPa; I = 17x106 mm4

JMJunio ES 13: Mechanics of Deformable Bodies I 17