Notes/Rough Outline

I. Intro
1. “It’s war, and in Africa’s killing fields the poachers are winning.”
(Orenstein)
B. Ivory trade
1. 1 African elephant killed per 25 mins
2. Pop decreased 20% 2006-2015 (about 415000)
3. 1979-87 ½ pop killed for ivory (Armstrong)
a) Narration
II. Narration
A. History
1. Poaching is the illegal hunting and harvesting of game
2. It can be done for sport or for money (poaching)
a) Ivory trade is $20 billion industry per year (armstrong)
B. Laws
1. US allows hunters to bring big game, tusks, lion hide ⇒ approval based
on person
a) Trump overturns obama ban
b) Case by case allowal
c) Approved march 1, 2018 by federal fish and wildlife service
(Nuwer)
C. Can be used for medicinal purposes
1. Asian Elephant
a) Skin ⇒ medicinal products, furniture
b) Trunks, genitalia ⇒ meat trade (Smithsonian)
2. Bear gallbladder ⇒ enhance male virility (Poaching)
D. Ivory trade/status symbols
1. commercial, often illegal trade in the ivory tusks
2. International illegal ivory about $20.3 billion per year
a) 2014 wholesale raw ivory in china ⇒ $2,100 per kilo
(1) 3x 2010 (Armstrong)
3. Status symbol in parts of africa
4. Can be made into jewellery (Orenstein)
5. 158 pieces of african elephant tusks about $772,000 (Orenstein)
6. $65,000 per kg of rhino horn (Orenstein)
7. Status symbol, folk cures, decorative items (Illegal)
III. Division
A. Agree
1. Killing innocent animals is not good
 B. Disagree
1. Some say the profits outweigh the death
C. Solutions
1. Preventative measures
a) Remove horns safely so poachers can’t
b) Painless
c) 25 mins long (Orenstein)
2. Poachers
a) Educate them so they won’t want to do it
b) Children educated and stopped hunting (Illegal)
3. Supply of Ivory
a) No poaching ⇒ ivory from natural death elephants
b) Ivory will not disappear
(1) People want it
c) Legalize (Walker)
4. Hong Kong
a) Voted to ban ivory in 2021
b) Increase penalty for wildlife crime
c) Exceptions for cultural relics
d) Reduces incentive to poach (Bischoff)

IV. Proof
A. Extinction
1. Tigers
a) Amur tigers at most 540
b) Indo chineses about 320 as of 201o
c) Sumatran critically endangered with 400-500
(1) 78% of death by poaching (Illegal)
2. South African Elephant decline
a) Sept 2013 ⇒ poachers kill 81 elephants with cyanide in watering
hole
b) Great elephant census (GEC) ⇒ 8% pop decline per year
c) Local extinction within decade
d) Tanzania ⇒ pop decline 60% 2006-2017 (Poaching)
3. African Elephants
a) 1.4 million ⇒ 600,000 1979-1987
b) Matriarchs killed because big tusks and easy find
(1) Social glue
c) Offspring die or orphans
 d) herds/families of non related elephants with very few girls
e) High stress, decreased social bonds (Gobush)
4. Extinction
a) Javan rhino almost extinct
b) Only ones left in Ujung Kulon, Indonesia (Orenstein)
5. Extinction
a) “They are killing so many elephants that, at this rate, they will all
be gone. I don’t want to have to explain to my son what an
elephant looks like.” (Orenstein)
6. Rhino population
a) Poaching 13 - 1,004 between 2007-2013
b) Increase 7,700% (Illegal)
7. Nature
a) Creates imbalance in nature
b) Like overfishing impacts ocean system
c) Complex web of life (Illegal)
8. # of South African Rhinos Poached
a) 2011⇒ 448
b) 2012⇒668
c) 2013⇒1004
d) 2014⇒1215
e) 2015⇒1175 (Number)
9. Tiger population in India
a) 2002 ⇒ 3600
b) 2007 ⇒ 1400 (Tiger)
B. Ranger Deaths
1. Ranger deaths
a) Since 2006 >1000 park rangers killed globally
b) 80% because of poachers and armed militia groups
c) Wayne lotte ⇒ organized PAMS foundation ⇒ murdered by
poachers in Aug 2017 (Poaching)
C. Poachers lives ruined
1. Poverty
a) People in extreme poverty see wildlife as valuable trade
b) Need $ (Illegal)
2. Poachers
a) Grow up around poaching
b) Hunting all they knew
c) Never saw elephants and such up close unless hunting
 d) Poor
(1) Need to feed family (Segedin)
V. Refutation
A. Permitting Ivory Trade
1. Permitting Ivory Trade
a) Ivory ban worked in west not asia
b) US very against in past
c) Wildlife with $ tag more at risk
d) Ownership helps
e) Lift ivory ban and focus on conservation (Alessi)
2. Allowing hunting
a) South africa and namibia allow 5 black rhino hunts per person per
year
b) Pacing escalated
c) 2007-2009 ⇒ >½ of 470 rhinos killed were black rhinos
(1) 95% in s africa and namibia (Orenstein)
3. African elephant population
a) Tanzania and zambia want 1 time ivory sale
b) Kenya is example
c) Botswana ⇒ 133,800
d) Tanzania ⇒ 108,800
e) KEnya⇒ 23,400
(1) As of 2007 (Ivory)
4. Ivory trade legalized
a) Once downlisting allowed ⇒ 5.9 tons of ivory (>2,000 elephants)
b) Better than preban
c) 521 retail shops (ivory)
d) >85% jewelry
e) $25 million annual tourism revenue to see elephants (Alessi)
B. Myths
1. Myths
a) Vietnam myth ⇒ rhino horn cures cancer
b) Now price almost as high as gold (Illegal)
2. False info
a) 70% of chinese believe ivory tusks grow back like teeth
b) Dealers encourage the idea (Orenstein)
VI. Conclusion
1.