DESIGN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTS WITH SOFTREE

SOFTWARE

FACULTY OF CIVIL ENGINEERING

COURSE:
HIGHWAY ENGINEERING
TOPIC
“DESIGN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTS”
PROFESSOR:
SANCHEZ NAVARRO, Alex Manuel

DEADLINE
May 18

STUDENTS: CODE
1. CAHUANA AROTAYPE, Deyvis 1320962
2. CASTILLO ROCA, Victor Giancarlos 1321173
3. GUTIERREZ CURO, Clinton 1321033

Lima-Perú
2018-1

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TABLE OF CONTENTS

INTRODUCTION .................................................................................................................... 5
OBJETIVES ........................................................................................................................... 6
General purpose ................................................................................................................. 6
Specific objectives .............................................................................................................. 6
I. GENERAL INFORMATION ............................................................................................. 7
1.1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK ................................................................................ 7
1.2. LOCATION OF THE PROYECT ............................................................................... 8
1.3. PROYECT DESCRIPTION....................................................................................... 8
1.4. WEATHER CONDITIONS ........................................................................................ 9
II. DESIGN CRITERIA ....................................................................................................... 10
2.1. THE GEOMETRIC ROAD DESIGN MANUAL ........................................................ 10
2.2. GENERAL CONSIDERATION AND PARAMETERS ON DESIGNING ................... 11
III. PLAN VIEW ................................................................................................................... 12
3.1. Plan view ................................................................................................................ 12
3.2. 3D view .................................................................................................................. 13
3.3. Profile ..................................................................................................................... 26
3.4. Mass diagram......................................................................................................... 27
3.5. cross section .......................................................................................................... 37
3.6. typical section......................................................................................................... 46
IV. QUANTITIES ................................................................................................................. 48
4.1. Volume of cut and fill. ............................................................................................. 48
4.2. Subbase, base and asphalt .................................................................................... 50
V. ANALYSIS OF THE RESULTS ..................................................................................... 51
a. MASS HAUL DIAGRAM ............................................................................................ 51
b. SIGNALIZATION............................................................................................. 55
c. GEOTENICAL_CONSIDERATIONS.............................................................. 60
VI._CONCLUSION....................................................................................................
65
VII. BIBLIOGRAPHY ........................................................................................................... 66
VIII. ANNEXED ..................................................................................................................... 67

LIST OF FIGURES
Figure 1: Location Map of Cajamarca ..................................................................................... 8
Figure 2 Plan view of the Project (Horizontal Alignment) ..................................................... 12
Figure 3: 3D view of the roadway design. ............................................................................. 13
Figure 4: The first Horizontal curve (C1) with design parameters ......................................... 14
Figure 5: The first Horizontal curve (C2) with design parameters ......................................... 15

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Figure 6: The third Horizontal curve (C3) with design parameters ........................................ 16

LIST OF TABLES
Table 1: Parameters to design .............................................................................................. 11

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INTRODUCTION

The need to move from one place to another each day is becoming more indispensable
for the human. Consequently, making the correct geometric design of roads becomes more
relevant every day, in order to preserve the safety of citizens who do not need to use
transportation in their daily lives.

So, to make a Geometric design for transportation facilities includes the design of
geometric cross sections, horizontal alignment, vertical alignment, intersections, and various
design details. These basic elements are common to all linear facilities, such as roadways,
railways, and airport runways. Although the details of design standards vary with the mode and
the class of facility, most of the issues involved in geometric design are similar for all modes.
In all cases, the goals of geometric design are to maximize the comfort, safety, and economy
of facilities, while minimizing their environmental impacts. We present geometric cross
sections, vertical alignment, horizontal alignment, super elevation, intersections, and various
design details. The process of designing the vertical alignment begins with plotting a profile of
the existing terrain, and a tentative horizontal centerline must already be established in order
to do this.

OBJETIVES

General purpose

• Re-design and design a rural roadway in Huamachuco City using the Softree software

Specific objectives

• Design a rural roadway using only simple curves.

• Coordinate the Horizontal and Vertical curve designs
• Design the cross section reducing cut and fill volumes.
• To balance cut and fill volumes.
• To use the considerations from “Manual Diseño Geométrico de Carreteras”.

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I. GENERAL INFORMATION

1.1. THEORETICAL FRAMEWORK

Horizontal alignment: The geometric pattern in a plan or horizontal alignment, it consists

of straight alignments, circular curves and varying degrees of curvature, allowing a smooth
transition when moving straight alignments circular curves or vice-versa or between two
circular curves different curvature.
Abscissa: Is the demarcations on the axis of the road, which are required to have a greater
amplitude information levels longitudinal profile, are realized every 20, 15, 10, 5 meters
depending on the topography of the natural terrain.
Station: Defined like a horizontal alignment point where the line crosses a visual drawn in
the longitudinal profile, which will reveal the height above the ground that will be projected
to the slope of the cut.
Layout: The layout plan is usually the point at which begins geometrically designed a road,
since being is a linear work, perfectly defines the shape and course of the same. Platform:
A paved or not longitudinal strip, adjacent to the road (not included in this), not intended
for use by motor vehicles in exceptional circumstances
Intersection: It is a paved or not longitudinal strip, adjacent to the road (not included in
this), not intended for motor vehicle use only in exceptional circumstances. In addition,
crossroads, can be given with a level intersection or intersection overpasses
Branch: A branch is a stretch of road connecting only two different roads, they are the type
that are (urban, suburban, two-way, highway, etc.). It may be composed of the following
geometric elements:
• Intersection Branch-highway

• Intersection Branch-street
Grade: The slope of a stretch of road is expressed by a percentage value that indicates
the gap between 2 points which is horizontally measured distance of 100 meters.
Horizontal curves: When a highway changes horizontal direction, making the point where
it changes direction a point of intersection between two straight lines is not feasible. The
change in direction would be too abrupt for the safety of modem, high-speed vehicles. It is
therefore necessary to interpose a curve between the straight lines. The straight lines of a
road are called tangents because the lines are tangent to the curves used to change
direction. In practically all modem highways, the curves are circular curves; that is, curves
that form circular arcs. The smaller the radius of a circular curve, the sharper the curve.
Vertical curves: In addition to horizontal curves that go to the right or left, roads also have

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vertical curves that go up or down. Vertical curves at a crest or the top of a hill are called
summit curves, or over verticals. Vertical curves at the bottom of a hill or dip are called sag
curves, or under verticals.

1.2. LOCATION OF THE PROYECT

The project is located close to Huamachuco is a town in northern Peru and capital of the
province Sánchez Carrión in La Libertad Region. The city is the seat of the Territorial
Prelature of Huamachuco. Lake Sausacocha lies to the northeast.
About 30 miles away, within the Huamachuco district, is the significant archeological site
of Marcahuamachuco. It is a complex of monuments, a prehistoric political and religious
center of a culture that thrived 350 CE-1100 CE.
Its coordinates are:
• South latitude= 7° 48′ 43″
• West longitude = 78° 02′ 55.3″
• Z= 3.269 a.s.m.l.

Figure 1: Location Map of Huamachuco (La Libertad)

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II. DESIGN CRITERIA

2.1. THE GEOMETRIC ROAD DESIGN MANUAL

• Preliminary studies
An evaluation of the different sections of the existing route was made highlighting the
different defects and qualities of the same. It was also concluded that throughout the
section, the cutting plot is good for the different fillings to be made.
• Minimum radius
The minimum radius of horizontal curvature is the smallest radius can be run with the
design speed and the maximum rate of cant, in acceptable conditions of safety and
comfort, for the calculation of which use the following formula:
𝑉2
𝑅𝑚𝑖𝑛 =
127 (𝑃𝑚𝑎𝑥 + 𝑓𝑚𝑎𝑥)

For this time, we use the Peruvian Manual table in order to determine the Minimum Radius.
So, for this time in 70 m. It’s based in the design speed (50 kph).
• Highway drainage
The cross section of consideration is cross slope, this design helps to dispose of the
rainwater on the platform of the road and drain them towards the sides, without causing
problems of transitability.
• Geology and geotechnics
From the first stages of the study of a road work, the designer must work in coordination
with the specialists in Geology and Geotechnics. Indeed, in the stage of identifying possible
routes, the timely detection of geotechnical conflicting zones may justify the abandonment
of a route, which might seem appealing to route considerations. At the various levels of
study, the specialist engineer will detect with increasing degrees of precision, aspects such
as:
 Identification of specific sectors with unfavorable geotechnical characteristics.
 Sectorization of the site of the plot, defining the relevant stratigraphic profile and its
properties.
 All of this, aimed at establishing the support capacity of the natural terrain, as well
as the safe slopes for embankments and cuts, associated to the different materials.

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 Conditions for the foundation of structures, drainage works and complementary

works.
 Drainage aspects incident on the geotechnical problem.

Página
• Speed
The speed of design has already been delivered by the designer and this has a value
that is considered the areas where the topography is difficult and in addition to the climate
where rain and snow predominates for the safety of drivers. We present a table of the
different speeds of design, for our case the designer gave us as design value (50 kph).
• Road safety
Straight and excessive sections were avoided to avoid the reflection of the lights in opposite
lanes. Closed curves were also avoided for ease of transit.

2.2. GENERAL CONSIDERATION AND PARAMETERS ON DESIGNING

• The road is two-lane rural road.

• Maximum grade for road will be 10%.
• Minimum grade is +-0.5%.
• Design speed = 60 km/hr.
• Minimum radius is 130m.
• The road will consist of simple horizontal curves only.
• The roadway must follow the existing alignment to reduce earthwork.
• Horizontal and vertical curve designs will be presented in metric units.
• Minimum Sag K is 6.4 m
• Minimum Crest K is 13 m
• Reaction time is 2.5 seconds
• Maximum super elevation is 6

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Table 1: Parameters to design

Lenght of vertical curves:

Lenght of vetical curves

curve lengfht Parabolic Rate(k)
0 50 3.47
1 50 5.42
2 50 50.67
3 81 11.61
4 60 11.45
5 12.9 20
6 15.3 10.75
7 83 20
8 50 5.98
9 30 3.69
10 50 3.89
11 30 1.54

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Table 7. Minimum radius and maximum camber for road design.

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Table 8. Valores referenciales para taludes en corte (relación H: V)

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III. PLAN VIEW

3.1. Plan view

Figure 2 Plan view of the Project (Horizontal Alignment)

DESIGN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTS WITH SOFTREE SOFTWARE

 DESIGN HORIZONTAL AND VERTICAL ALIGNMENTS WITH SOFTREE
SOFTWARE

3.2. 3D view

Figure 3: 3D view of the roadway design.

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VIII. ANNEXED

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Table 32: Stopping Visibility Distance (m)

Source: Table 205.01 of the DG 2014 Peruvian Manual

Table 33: Values of the K-index for the calculation of the Sag vertical curve
length on Third Class roads

Source: Table 303.02 of the DG 2014 Peruvian Manual

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Table 34: Values of the K-index for the calculation of the Crest vertical
curve length on Third Class roads

Source: Table 303.03 of the DG 2014 Peruvian Manual

Table 35: Minimum Radius and Maximun

Superelevation

Source: Table 302.02 of the DG 2014 Peruvian Manual

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