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SUMÁRIO
1. HISTÓRIA JAVASCRIPT........................................................................................................................................... 3
2. O QUE É JAVASCRIPT ............................................................................................................................................ 5
2.1 O que é possível com o JavaScript ................................................................................................................ 5
3. INSERINDO CÓDIGO JAVASCRIPT EM PÁGINA HTML ........................................................................................... 6
3.1 Inserindo o código javascrip diretamente no body do documento html (inline)......................................... 7
3.2 Inserindo javascript no head do documento HTML ..................................................................................... 8
3.3 Inserindo javascript em um arquivo externo ............................................................................................... 9
4. CONSIDERAÇÕES IMPORTANTES SOBRE ALGUNS ELEMENTOS DE JAVASCRIPT................................................10
4.1 Atributos importantes da tag script: type e src..........................................................................................10
4.2 Document ....................................................................................................... Erro! Indicador não definido.
5. PRIMEIRO CÓDIGO JAVASCRIPT .........................................................................................................................11
6. OBJETO WINDOW ...............................................................................................................................................12
6.1 Método alert() ............................................................................................................................................16
6.2 Método confirm() .......................................................................................................................................17
6.3 Método prompt() .......................................................................................................................................18
7. OBJETO DOCUMENT ...........................................................................................................................................19
7.1 Método write() ...........................................................................................................................................19
7.2 Método document.getElementById()........................................................................................................20
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Apostila – JavaScript
1. HISTÓRIA JAVASCRIPT
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Apostila – JavaScript
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Apostila – JavaScript
2. O QUE É JAVASCRIPT
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Apostila – JavaScript
3. INSERINDO CÓDIGO JAVASCRIPT EM PÁGINA HTML
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Apostila – JavaScript
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Apostila – JavaScript
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Apesar de ser “menos pior” que a forma anterior, ainda NÃO é a maneira recomendada.
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Apostila – JavaScript
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Apostila – JavaScript
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Apostila – JavaScript
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5. EVENTOS
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Resultado:
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Apostila – JavaScript
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7. OBJETO WINDOW
Objeto window
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Apostila – JavaScript
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PROPRIEDADE DESCRIÇÃO
closed Retorna um valor booleano que indica se uma janela foi fechada ou não.
outerHeight Retorna a altura externa de uma janela, incluindo barras de ferramentas / barras de rolagem.
outerWidth Retorna a largura externa de uma janela, incluindo barras de ferramentas / barras de rolagem.
pageXOffset Retorna os pixels do documento atual rolado (horizontalmente) a partir do canto superior esquerdo da
janela.
pageYOffset Retorna os pixels do documento atual rolado (verticalmente) a partir do canto superior esquerdo da
janela.
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Apostila – JavaScript
8. OBJETO DOCUMENT
IMPORTANTE!!!!
O objeto document faz parte do objeto window e pode ser acessado como window.document. Ou seja, o
objeto window é acessado com: window.document.
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Apostila – JavaScript
document.implementation Returns the DOMImplementation object that handles this document
document.importNode() Imports a node from another document
document.inputEncoding Returns the encoding, character set, used for the document
document.lastModified Returns the date and time the document was last modified
document.links Returns a collection of all <a> and <area> elements in the document that
have a href attribute
document.normalize() Removes empty Text nodes, and joins adjacent nodes
document.normalizeDocument() Removes empty Text nodes, and joins adjacent nodes
document.open() Opens an HTML output stream to collect output from document.write()
document.querySelector() Returns the first element that matches a specified CSS selector(s) in the
document
document.querySelectorAll() Returns a static NodeList containing all elements that matches a specified
CSS selector(s) in the document
document.readyState Returns the (loading) status of the document
document.referrer Returns the URL of the document that loaded the current document
document.removeEventListener() Removes an event handler from the document (that has been attached with
theaddEventListener() method)
document.renameNode() Renames the specified node
document.scripts Returns a collection of <script> elements in the document
document.strictErrorChecking Sets or returns whether error-checking is enforced or not
document.title Sets or returns the title of the document
document.URL Returns the full URL of the HTML document
document.write() Writes HTML expressions or JavaScript code to a document
document.writeln() Same as write(), but adds a newline character after each statement
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Apostila – JavaScript
possui várias propriedades, sendo as mais importantes para essa apostila os seguintes:
Alguns comandos JavaScript fazem com que as páginas HTML sejam mais dinâmicas e interativas com o usuário.
Exemplo:
Obs.: o comando window.onload = function () significa que quando a página for carregada,
executará o comando alert.
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Apostila – JavaScript
Resultado:
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Exemplo:
Resultado:
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Apostila – JavaScript
Se o usuário clicar em OK, é equivalente ao valor booleano true e o Cancelar representa false.
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O comando prompt exibe um texto e um campo para o usuário fornecer algum dado.
Exemplo:
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Apostila – JavaScript
Resultado:
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9. OBJETO DOCUMENT
Sua finalidade é “escrever no documento HTML”, ou seja, com este comando insere-se um conteúdo no
documento HTML.
Importante frisar que este comando apaga o conteúdo que já estiver na página, ou seja, quando este comando
for executado ele limpará/apagará o conteúdo já contido no documento e exibirá o seu conteúdo entre ().
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Apostila – JavaScript
Entendendo o document.write()
Um arquivo HTML que aparece na janela do browser é considerado um objeto do tipo document. Logo, cada
objeto javascript possui um conjunto de métodos ou funções. Então, para o objeto document, há o método
write().
Resultado:
Ao usar o document.write no mesmo documento HTML do exemplo 1, o conteúdo inicial foi apagado e foi
apresentado o conteúdo do document.write.
Este comando escreve algo dentro de uma tag a partir do atributo id. Literalmente, esse comando é lido da
seguinte forma: “pegar o elemento pelo id”.
Além de escrever algo dentro de uma tag, este comando substitui um conteúdo de uma tag caso esta tag já tenha
um conteúdo.
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Apostila – JavaScript
Exemplo: documento HTML com id definido
Código javascript:
Resultado:
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Apostila – JavaScript
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Apostila – JavaScript
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