Fertility status of soils of the derived

savanna and northern guinea savanna

and response to major plant
nutrients, as influenced by soil type
and land use management
Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems

February 2002, Volume 62, Issue 2, pp 139–150 | Cite as

Article

309 Downloads
17 Citations

Abstract

Although the fertility status of soils in the West African moist savanna is generally
believed to be low, crop yields on farmers' fields vary widely from virtually nil to
values near the potential production. The soil fertility status was evaluated for a
number of farmers' fields selected at random in 2 villages (Zouzouvou and
Eglimé) representative for the derived savanna (DS) benchmark area and in 2
villages (Danayamaka and Kayawa) representative for the Northern Guinea
savanna (NGS) benchmark area. The relation between soil fertility status and soil
type characteristics and fertilizer use was explored. In an accompanying missing
nutrient greenhouse trial, the most limiting nutrients for maize growth were
determined. While soils in the DS villages were formed on different geological
units, soils in the NGS villages could be differentiated according to their position
on the landscape. Generally, soils in the DS contained a smaller amount of silt
(104 vs. 288 g kg−1), a larger amount of sand (785 vs. 584 g kg−1), C (9.3 vs. 6.3 g
kg−1), N (0.7 vs. 0.5 g kg−1), Olsen-P (10.7 vs. 5.4 mg kg−1), and had a higher CEC
(7.0 vs. 4.8 cmolc kg−1) than soils in the NGS villages. The large silt content of the
soils in the NGS is a reflection of the aeolian origin of the parent material. Within
the benchmark areas, general soil fertility characteristics were similar in the
villages in the NGS, except for a larger amount of particulate organic matter in
Kayawa than in Danayamaka. This may also have led to a significantly larger
amount of ammonium-N content in the 0–20 and 20–40 cm soil layers in
Kayawa compared to Danayamaka (42 vs 24 kg N ha−1 in the 0–20 cm soil layer).
Differences in topsoil soil characteristics between the DS villages were a reflection
of differences in clay quality (kaolinitic vs. 2:1 clay minerals) of the parent
material and past fertilizer use. The Olsen-P and exchangeable K contents were
observed to increase with increased fertilizer application rate in both benchmarks,
while fertilizer application rate had no significant effect on the organic C or total
N content of the soil nor on its ECEC. The response of maize shoot biomass
production to applied N was similar for both benchmarks (biomass accumulation
in the treatment without N was, on average, 55% of the biomass production in the
treatment which received all nutrients), while soils in the NGS responded more
strongly to applied P than soils in the DS (37% vs 66% of biomass production in
the treatment which received all nutrients). The more favourable P status of soils
in Eglimé (DS) was attributed to the more intense use of P fertilizers, as a result of
government-supported cotton production schemes. Response to cations, S or
micronutrients were neglegible. A significant linear relationship was found
between the soil Olsen-P content and the response to applied P up to levels of 12
mg kg−1 in the topsoil. Above this level, a plateau was reached.

fertilizer use maize missing nutrient trial Olsen-P on-farm level

particulate organic matter pot experiment
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Cite this article as:
Vanlauwe, B., Diels, J., Lyasse, O. et al. Nutrient Cycling in Agroecosystems (2002) 62: 139.
https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015531123854

DOI (Digital Object Identifier) https://doi.org/10.1023/A:1015531123854

Publisher Name Kluwer Academic Publishers
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Online ISSN 1573-0867

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