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Chapter 2: Cell Structure And Cell Organization 2013

2.1 Cell Structure And Function

Trial SBP 2010
(a) State what is a cell?

Cytoplasm Nucleus Ribosome Chloroplast Plasma

membrane
(b)Labeled the diagram/name the structure Trial Selangor
2010

Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Smooth endoplasmic reticulum

No Marking scheme Marks

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(a) Compare and contrast the structure of an animal cell and plant cell. Give your answer by
drawing a labeled diagram of an animal cell and a plant cell
D-1m L-1m(plant cell -cell wall nucleus cell membrane, chloroplast and vacuole) 2
(animal cell –nucleus , cytoplasm ,cell membrane)

Mitochondria

Cell A Cell B
(c) Name the type of cell
Cell A: Animal cell Cell B: Plant cell

(d) State two reason for you answer

Cell A

Cell B

Similarities: 2
Differences:

Animal cell Plant cell 1

1
1
1
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Cellular Component Function& Question (marking scheme)

Plasma membrane Function:

Question :
(a) What are the cell wall and the plasma membrane made of

(b) What are the special feature /characteristic of cell wall and plasma membrane

Function:
Cytoplasm

Cell Wall Function :

Trial Pahang 2011

Question:
(a) How does structure (cell wall) help to maintain the shape of the plant cell?

(b) Explain how the compound in Cell wall help it to carry out its function

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Cellular component Function And Question (Marking Scheme)

Vacuole Function :
Contributes to plant elongation by absorbing water cause cell to expand

Question :
(a) Structure T (vacuole) and how it is involved to maintain the turgidity of the
plant cell
P1-T is made up of tonoplast //has cell sap
P2-to maintain the osmotic concentration /pressure of the cell sap
P3-If the cell is flaccid /cell sap has high osmotic concentration /pressure,
more water diffuses into the cell by osmosis
P4-if the cell has excess water /cell sap has low osmotic concentration
/pressure

[4marks]
(b) Explain the role of vacuole in maintain the cell turgidity(SPM 2006)
P1-Maintain the osmotic concentration of the cell sap
P2-water enter the cell by osmosis if the cell is flaccid
[2marks]
(c) Describe what will happen to the vacuole when plant is immersed in water
P1-Vacoule filled with the water and expand
P2-The pressure of the water in the vacuole pushes the cytoplasm and
presses it against the plasma membrane and the cell wall

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Nucleus Function:

Question :
(a) If structure R (nucleus) is removed from a cell .Explain what would happen to
the growth of the cell(trial perlis2010)

State the main content of nucleus

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Cellular Component Function & Question (Marking Scheme)

Mitochondria Function:

Question:
(a) State the process occur in mitochondria ,how does it carry out the
process/Explain the process occur in this organelle

If the cell is actively involved in transporting ions and molecules, predict which
organelle that can be found abundantly

Trial Perlis 2011

(b) Explain the important of the function of organelle R(Mitochondria)

Explain the function of organelle P in the plant

Ribosome Function:

Question:
(a) Name structure X

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Endoplasmic reticulum (a) Rough endoplasmic reticulum

Function:
(b) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum
Function:

Question:
(a) State the different between Rough endoplasmic reticulum and Smooth
endoplasmic reticulum

(b) What will happen if the cell does not have structure T(endoplasmic Reticulum)

Lysosomes Function :

Question:
(a) Explain how lysosomes helps in eliminating damaged organelles in cells

SPM 2010

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Golgi apparatus State a process that occur in Golgi apparatus

Trial Perlis2011

Trial Perak 2009 Question:

(a) Explain the role of P(Golgi apparatus) and R (nucleus) in transportation of
Trial Selangor 2010 extracellular enzyme

[4marks]
(b) Explain why Golgi apparatus is found abundance in the cell of root
cap

(c) Explain the effect of production of extracellular enzyme if structure Y

malfunction

(d)Give an example of a substances released from this organelle

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Chloroplast Funtion :

Trial Kedah 2008

Question :
(a) Explain the important of the function of organelle Q

Name structure Q

P (b) What cell contain abundantly in this organelle

Trial Pahang 2011

Organelle Q (c) Explain how chloroplasts is adapted for making of food

(d) Explain the process occur in P and Q

P:

Q:

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(f) Explain two different between the process occur in mitochondria

and chloroplast

The density of organelle in specific cell JUJ 2008 Trial Malacca 2011

No Marking scheme Marks

(a) Explain why the mitochondria are found abundantly in muscle tissue X (cardiac muscle)
1
1 2

(b) Explain why meristematic cells have more organelle S (mitochondria) compared to cheek
cells 1
1 2
(c) Explain why organelle B (Golgi apparatus) presents in large number in the pancreas
1
1 2

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(d)

The density of certain organelle is related to the function of specific cells

Name one organelle and explain why the organelle can be found abundantly in specific
cell below Sperm Cell
1
1
Mesophyll palisade cell
1
1 4

(e) Predict what will happen if the organelle(mitochondria) is not found in the sperm
1
1 2

2.2 Cell organization

Unicellular organism

R: Pseudopodium

P:Contractile Vacuole

Q: nucleus

Organism X
No Marking scheme Marks
(a) Name organism X
Amoeba 1 1

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(b) Name the structure P, Q and R

State the function of the part you label

1
1
1 3
(c) Amoeba sp moves by extending pseudopodium or false feet, name the other process other
than this.
1 1

(d) Exchange of gases occurs through the plasma membrane, Name the process
1 1

(e) Name two process involved the growth of organism

1
1 2

(f) Explain the process of phagocytosis

1
1
1
1 4

(g)

Explain how contractile vacuole maintains the osmotic pressure in Amoeba sp. 1
1
1 3
l

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(h) Diagram shows the asexual reproduction carried out by Amoeba sp . Trial Johor 2011

Describe the process shown in diagram [4marks]

1
1
1
1
1 4

(i) Amoeba is a unicellular organism which lives in fresh water environment. Although
Amoeba sp is made up of only a single cell, it can perform all living processes

Explain the living process that enables Amoeba sp to survive in fresh water which is
hypotonic to the cytoplasmic fluid of Amoeba sp
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 8

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Organism Y
No Marking scheme Marks
(a)
Name organism Y
1
Paramecium sp.
(b) Describe how the paramecium uses cilla to move and to gather food
1
1

1
1 4
(c) Explain how the size of the paramecium influences the rate contraction of the contractile
vacuole
1
1

1 3

(d)
Explain why the paramecium always has excess water in its cell 1

1 2
(e)
State the characteristic between Amoeba and paramecium
1
1
1 3

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(f) State two differences in characteristic of paramecium and spirogyra

1

2
1
(g) Name two process involved the growth of organism

1 2

(h) Explain briefly one example you state

1
1

(g)

No Marking scheme Marks

(a)

1
Explain how gaseous exchange process occur in this diagram
1

1 3

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(b) Explain the process of phagocytosis

1
1
1
1 4

Multicellular

In human and animal

organism Trial Perak 2011

(a) What is tissue?

[1 marks]
(b) What is Organ?

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[1 m
arks] (c) Explain the process of cell specialization.

[2 m
arks] (b) Complete the following table

Level Name
1 Cell

2 Tissue

3 Organ

4 Systems

5 Organism
*CTOSO

(c) Name the process X and Y

Process X : Process Y:

[2 marks]

Cellular component Question (Marking Scheme)

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(a) Name cell P

(b) State the function of cell P

Trial Perak 2009

Times 2012

(c) Explain one special characteristic of cell P which it to carry out the
function you stated in (b) efficiently

OR

OR

[2marks] (d) Explain the structural adaptation that found in red blood cell to
enable to carry out the transport of oxygen

OR

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(d) Complete the following table

Red Blood Cell Connective tissue Circulatory system

Reject : Transport system

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Cellular component Question (Marking Scheme)

(a) Name cell Q

(b) State the function of cell P

(c) Explain one role of cell R in the system named in (b) F-

Times 2012

Sarawak 2008 E1-

E2-
E3-

Nerve cell Nerve tissue Nervous system

(d)

Reject : Nerve System

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(a) Name cell Q

(b) State the function of cell Q

Muscle tissue Muscular system

(c) Muscle cell
Reject : Muscle system

(a) Name cell S

(b) State the function of cell S

Epithelial cell Epithelial tissue Digestive system

(c)

No Marking scheme Marks

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(a) Explain why multicellular organism need cell organization as compared to unicellular
organism 1
1

1 4

##Student must show the comparison to get the ,mark

Human skin Trial Sarawak 2009

is an organ ,it consists of various types of tissue Sarawak 2008

(b) that perform specific function collectively

Name two types of tissue in the skin
1 1

(c) State the function of each tissue named in(i)

1
1
1
1
1
1
1
1 2

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In plant Trail Melaka 2009 Trial Melaka 2008

Times 2012 Trial Johor 2008 Trial kedah 2011

Diagram 1 shows a group of plant cells undergo

specialization in the formation ofleaf

No Marking scheme Marks

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(a) Label the structure P,Q, Rand S (times 2012)

P: 1
1
Q:
1
R:
1
S: 1
M:
N: 1
1 7
T:

Structure R and S are categorized as tissues.

State reasons why R and S are classified as tissues. 1
1 2

Structure Function& Question (Marking Scheme) Mark

Xylem State the function of Xylem cell/tissue
FORM 5 1 1

State structural feature of tissue P (xylem) which enable them to function efficiently

1
1
1 2

Explain adaptive feature of the cell in tissue D(xylem) in transportation of substances in

plant
1
1 2

Phloem State the function of phloem

FORM 5 1 1

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State structural feature of tissue P and R which enable them to function efficiently
1

1 2

Explain adaptive feature of the cell in tissue D in transportation of substances in plant

1 2

Upper State the function of cell X (upper epidermis)

epidermis 1 1

Guard State the function of Cell Q (Guard cell)

cell 1 1

State the function for each cell

Guard C : 1 1

Explain the role of cell Y in increasing the rate of photosynthesis.

1
1
Root hairs
Explain one characteristic of tissue X to facilitate water absorption from soil

1
1
1

1 2
Palisade State the function for each cell
mesophyll
cell 1 1

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Leaf is the main photosynthetic organ of a plant

Explain the adaptation of tissue L to enable the leaf to carry out its function
1

1 3
Trail Pahang 2011 Times 2012

Regulating the internal environment Trial Selangor 2010 FORM 5

No Marking scheme Marks

What Is meant by
(i) Internal environment
1

(ii)Homeostasis 1
1

1
1 4

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