Prepared by: PRETTY LEE SILVA

r = xi + yj + zk

r (t): position as
function of time
. : x (t) , y (t) , z (t)
 r’ = x’i + y’j + z’k

∆r = r’ -r
∆𝑟
v=
∆𝑡

𝑤ℎ𝑒𝑛 ∶ ∆𝑡 → 0
𝑑𝑟
v= 𝑑𝑡
tangent to path
 𝑑𝑟
always tangent to
the path v=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= 𝑑𝑡
i+ 𝑑𝑡
𝑗 + 𝑑𝑡
𝑘
= ẋ𝑖 + ẏ𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
v= 𝑣𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑣𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑣𝑧 𝑘
Velocity component
 𝑑𝑣 𝑑2 𝑟
a= =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣𝑥 𝑑𝑣𝑦 𝑑𝑣𝑧
= 𝑑𝑡 i+ 𝑑𝑡
𝑗 + 𝑑𝑡
𝑘
= 𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
a= 𝑎𝑥 𝑖 + 𝑎𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑎𝑧 𝑘
Acceleration is not
tangent/perpendicular to
the curve path
 An object travels from the origin along the curve path as shown. If its horizon
velocity is 𝑣𝑥 = 8t m/s, where t is in seconds.

 Find magnitude of its (a) velocity, (b) acceleration and (c) distance from the
origin at t = 2 seconds.
 if the resistance of the air is neglected,

ACCELERATION:

VELOCITY:

If the projectile is fired in the xy plane from the origin O, we have xo = yo = zo = 0 and Vzo = 0
, and the equations of motion reduce to
A projectile is fired from the edge of a 150-
m cliff with an initial velocity of 180 m/s at
an angle of 30° with the horizontal.
Neglecting air resistance, find

(a) the horizontal distance from the gun to

the point where the projectile strikes the
ground,

(b) the greatest elevation above the ground

reached by the projectile.
A. Tangential and Normal Components
B. Radial and Transverse Components
Velocity is tangent to
the curve path of the
particle

Acceleration is NOT
tangent to the path.
 t
n
 𝑒𝑡
𝑒𝑛

𝑑𝑠
v=𝑣𝑒𝑡 ;𝑣 =
𝑑𝑡
 a= 𝑎𝑡 𝑒𝑡 + 𝑎𝑛 𝑒𝑛
𝑑𝑣
wh𝑒𝑟𝑒: 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑑𝑡
𝑒𝑡 2
𝑒𝑛 𝑣
𝑎𝑛 =
𝜌
a= 2
𝑎𝑡 + 𝑎𝑛 2
  The n-t coordinate system is fixed on the particle, therefore moves with the particle.

 If n-t system/reference axes is used, the velocity has only one component, v=𝒗𝒆𝒕.

 For acceleration:
 𝑎𝑡 , represent the change in speed
 𝑎𝑛 represents change direction of velocity.

𝑑𝑠 𝑑𝑣
𝑣= 𝑎𝑡 = 𝑎𝑡 𝑑𝑠 = 𝑣𝑑𝑣
THUS: 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡

1
𝑠 = 𝑠𝑜 + 𝑣𝑜 𝑡 + 2 (𝑎𝑡 )𝑐 𝑡 2 𝑣 = 𝑣𝑜 + (𝑎𝑡 )𝑐 𝑡 𝑣 2 = 𝑣𝑜 2 + 2(𝑎𝑡 )𝑐 (𝑠 − 𝑠𝑜 )
 𝑎𝑛 , is also centripetal acceleration, always points to the concave side of the path

If the path is given to be y=f(x), then

2 3/2
𝑑𝑦
1+
𝑑𝑥
𝜌 =
𝑑2 𝑦
𝑑𝑥 2
A particle describes a path 𝑦 = 4𝑥 2, with constant speed 𝑣, where x and y are in ft.
What is the normal component of the acceleration?
An object travels along a curved path as shown below.

If at the point shown its speed is 28.8 m/s and the speed is increasing at 8 m/ 𝑠 2 .
Determine: (a) direction of its velocity, and the magnitude and (b) direction of its acceleration at
this point.
 A motorist is travelling on a curved section of
highway of radius 2500 ft at the speed of 60
miles per hour. The motorist suddenly applies
the brakes, causing the automobile to slow
down at a constant rate. Knowing that after 8 s
the speed has been reduced to 45 mi/h,
determine the acceleration of the automobile
immediately after the brakes have been
applied.
r : radial coordinate
Θ : transverse coordinate
 𝑒𝑟 If P(4, /3)
𝑒𝜃

Find its corresponding

rectangular coordinate.
r = xi + yj + zk
𝑑𝑟
v=
𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑥 𝑑𝑦 𝑑𝑧
= i+ 𝑗 + 𝑘
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
𝑑𝑣 𝑑2 𝑟
a= =
𝑑𝑡 𝑑𝑡
= 𝑥𝑖 + 𝑦 𝑗 + 𝑧𝑘 (𝑡𝑖𝑚𝑒 𝑑𝑒𝑟𝑖𝑣𝑎𝑡𝑖𝑣𝑒)
* Position
* Velocity
* Acceleration
The rotation of the 0.9-m arm OA about O is
defined by the relation θ= 0.15𝑡 2, where θ is
expressed in radians and t in seconds. Collar B
slides along the arm in such a way that its
distance from O is r = 0.9 - 0.12 𝑡 2, where r is
expressed in meters and t in seconds. After the
arm OA has rotated through 30°
Determine (a) the total velocity of the collar,
(b) the total acceleration of the collar
A ball is being pushed by a rod to move along the slot. It
starts from θ= 0°. If the rod moves at angular speed 𝜽 = 0.8
rad/s, determine its velocity and acceleration at θ= 30°.
KINEMATICS--- END

NEXT: KINETICS