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EUROCODES
Lecture 2
UK
EUROCODES
Lecture 2
Lecture 2
The main sections used for
tension members are:
• open sections such as angles,
channels, tees, joists, universal beams
and columns;
Lecture 2
The main sections used for
tension members are:
• closed sections. Circular, square and
rectangular hollow sections;
Lecture 2
The main sections used for
tension members are:
• compound and built-up sections. Double
angles and double channels are common
compound sections used in trusses. Built-up
sections are used in bridge trusses.
Lecture 2
Theoretically, the tension member is the most efficient structural element,
but its efficiency may be seriously affected by the following factors:
Lecture 2
End connections
Comments on the various types are:
• Single angle connected through one leg. The
outstanding leg is not fully effective, and if
bolts are used the connected leg is also
weakened by the bolt hole.
Lecture 2 Lecture 2
Design of tension members
The resistance of tension members is covered in
clause 6.2.3. The design tensile force is denoted
by Nt,Ed (axial design effect). In Eurocode 3,
similarly to BS 5950: Part 1, design tensile
resistance Nt, Rd is limited either by yielding of
the gross cross-section (to prevent excessive
deformation of the member) or ultimate failure
of the net cross-section (at holes for fasteners),
whichever is the lesser.
Lecture 2
Design of tension members
The Eurocode 3 design expression for yielding of
the gross cross-section (plastic resistance) is
therefore given as
Lecture 2
Design of tension members
And for the ultimate resistance of the net cross-
section (defined in clause 6.2.2.2), the Eurocode
3 design expression is
Lap splice in
tension
member
with a
staggered
bolt
arrangement
Lecture 2
Example: tension resistance
Cross-section resistance in tension is covered in
clause 6.2.3, with reference to clause 6.2.2 for the
calculation of cross-section properties.
For a nominal material thickness (t = 25 mm) of less
than or equal to 40 mm the nominal values of yield
strength, fy, and ultimate tensile strength, fu, are
found from Table 3.1 to be 275 and 430 N/mm2,
respectively. Note that reference should be made to
the UK National Annex for the nominal material
strength.
Lecture 2
Example: tension resistance
The numerical values of the required partial factors
recommended by EN 1993-1-1 are γM0 = 1.00 and
γM2 = 1.25 (though for buildings to be constructed in
the UK, reference should be made to the National
Annex).
Lecture 2
Example: tension resistance
In determining the net area, Anet , the total area to
be deducted is taken as the larger of:
1. the deduction for non-staggered holes (A–A)
= 22 × 25 = 550 mm2
2. , = 25 × (2 × 22 – 902/4 × 100)
= 594 mm2 (> 550 mm2)
Therefore, the net area of the cross-section
Anet = 5000 – 594 = 4406 mm2
Lecture 2
Example: tension resistance
The design plastic resistance of the gross cross-
section
Npl, Rd = 5000 × 275/1.00 = 1375 kN
The design ultimate resistance of the net cross-
section
Nu, Rd = 0.9 × 4406 × 430 /1.25 = 1364 kN
Lecture 2
Angles with welded end
connections
Lecture 2
Angles Connected by a
single row of bolts
Refer to EN 1993-1-8.
Lecture 2
Angles Connected by a
single row of bolts
For 3 or (3.13)
more bolts: Lecture 2
Angles Connected by a
single row of bolts
Values of reduction factors β2 and β3 can be found in Table 3.8:
Lecture 2
Lecture 2
Tension Member Design Steps Summary
Lecture 2
Tension Member Design Steps Summary
(6.6)
(6.7)
Lecture 2
Tension Member Design Steps Summary
For angles connected by a single row of bolts, use the required equation to
work out Nu,Rd from EN 1993-1-8 which will depend on the number of bolts.
For 3 or (3.13)
more bolts: Lecture 2
Tension Member Design Steps Summary
6. The design tensile Resistance is the lesser
of the values of Npl,Rd and Nu,Rd
7. Carry out the tension check
N t , Ed
1.0 (6.5)
N t , Rd
Lecture 2
مالحظة هامة:
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باتا ً وإضافة أي جداول غير
المصرح بها من قبل أساتذة
المقرر.
Lecture 2
Thank
you
Dr. Nachwan Khair
Lecture 2