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CASES
Description Symbol Unit Remark
Operation
D−t 1
σ h = ( Pi − Pe )×
( )
2. t 1
= 51.64 MPa ; Hoop stress
Flexibility/restraint of pipeline should be kept in mind when the fixed structure (PLEM, PLET, etc.)
design is reviewed.
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18
3) Expansion Calculation
FL
Considering pipeline to be partially restrained at structure end (PLEM, PLET, etc.), the length of
pipeline over which pipeline movement occurs can be estimated by "virtual anchor length" or "the
effective length", Lf as follows :
π ×R 2 ×Pd
2×t
Lf =
m
FR (
× 1−2×ν+
Pd ×R m )
×E×α×( T 1 −T a ) = 79.35 m ; Virtual Anchor Length
0 . 25×L 2×FR
(
ΔL = ( α×( T 1 −T a ) ×L )− υ×
σH
E )(
× L + 0 .5×
σH
E )(
×L −
f
E×π ×R m×t ) = 29.0 mm
Where :
- FR is passive soil resistance according to DNVGL-RP-F114 Appendix A.
- Rm is mean pipe radius.
4) Global Buckling Check Initiated in The Vertical Plane (For Exposed Pipe Only)
According to DNVGL-RP-F110 Section 6.3.2, upheaval buckling will occur, if the effective axial force
exceeds :
π 2× E × I
FL ≥ = 208.6 ton
L 2
uplift
5) Global Buckling Check Initiated by Lateral Imperfection (For Exposed Pipe Only)
According to DNVGL-RP-F110 Section 6.3.3, No buckling implies that the pipeline will develop
marginal deviation from as-laid alignment and fulfil :
F L < 0.65×F ∞
Where :
Based on above calculation, effective axial force is larger than critical level of the effective axial force
for the infinite buckling mode. Hence, the buckling will be implied.
Pipeline stabilization shall be conducted for exposed pipeline if limitation for effective axial force
larger than designed effective axial force. The pipeline stabilization may be conducted by providing
concrete saddle or concrete mattress and increase concrete weight coating.
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18
CASES
Description Symbol Unit Remark
Operation
D−t 1
σ h = ( Pi − Pe ) = 43.95 MPa ; Hoop stress
2 . t1
2
( D−2 t1 )
σ L = ( Pi − P e ) = 21 MPa ; Longitudinal stress
4 . t 1 ( D−t )
2) Fully Restrained Pipeline
D−t 1
σ h = ( Pi − Pe )×
( )
2. t 1
= 43.95 MPa ; Hoop stress
Large anchor force (FA) at pipeline indicates that it wil be advisable to have some flexibility in pipeline
to fixed structure (PLEM, PLET, etc.) tie-in to allow piping system to slide along the pipeline axis. This
can be achieved by either the spool configuration or sliding clamp on fixed structure.
Flexibility/restraint of pipeline should be kept in mind when the fixed structure (PLEM, PLET, etc.)
design is reviewed.
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18
3) Expansion Calculation
FL
Considering pipeline to be partially restrained at structure end (PLEM, PLET, etc.), the length of
pipeline over which pipeline movement occurs can be estimated by "virtual anchor length" or "the
effective length", Lf as follows :
π ×R 2×Pd
2×t
Lf =
m
FR (
× 1−2×ν+
Pd ×R m )
×E×α×( T 1 −T a ) = 2089 m ; Virtual Anchor Length
The amount of pipe movement based on the effective buckling length (virtual anchor length) :
0 .25×L 2×FR
(
ΔL = ( α×( T 1 −T a ) ×L )− υ×
σH
E )(
× L + 0 .5×
σH
E )(
×L −
f
E×π×R m×t ) = 764.6 mm
Where :
- FR is passive soil resistance according to DNVGL-RP-F114 Appendix A.
- Rm is mean pipe radius.
4) Required Download Stability of Soil Cover to Prevent Buckling (For Burried Pipe Only)
According to Palmer et al. in Design of submarine pipelines against upheaval buckling (Offshore
Technology Conference), required download stability during operation can be determined by the
following equation :
0.5
( )
E×I ×ω0
( ) H ×ω0 0.5
H
( )
= 1178 kg/m
ω= 1 .16−4.76 × F L×
FL E×I
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
0.5
( )
E×I ×ω
REVISION
PRINTED DATE
:
:
-
(
23-May-18
H ×ω0
0
) 0.5
ω= 1 .16−4.76
H
FL
× F L× EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PIPELINE THERMAL
E×I ( )
where EI is the flexural rigidity of the pipeline, ωo is the submerged weight of the pipeline and H is the
imperfection height (2 m as per Indonesian regulation).
Total actual download is the sum of the submerged weight and the uplift resistance of the cover such
as follows :
For Clay :
ωuplift =
Ϫsoil_sub + su x D x (3 x H/D]) = 9385 kg/m OK
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18