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PROJECT INFORMATION

MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS


PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS


This analysis will be conducted to ensure that there is no large axial stress that will be occurred caused by
design operating temperature which will affect to upheaval buckling condition. The analysis result will also be
used to provide design force for restraining system at PLEM/PLET or other fixed structures.

PIPELINE BUCKLING MODE BASED ON PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE

CASES
Description Symbol Unit Remark
Operation

Design internal pressure Pd MPa 4.1


Maximum Seabed Depth h m 19.6
Design external pressure Pe MPa 1.9
Seabed temperature Ta 0
C 27.5
Design temperature T1 0
C 93.3
Coeff. Of thermal expansion α /C
0
1.1E-05
Outside diameter Do mm 609.6 24 in Pipe
Pipe wall thickness t mm 12.7
Corrosion coat. thickness tco mm 2.8
Concrete coat. thickness tc mm 1300.0 Include Conc. Saddle
Elastic Modulus of steel pipe Es MPa 2.1E+05
Current velocity V m/s 1.7
Kinematic viscosity v m2/s 9.60E-07
Steel density ρs kg/m3 7850
Sea water density ρw kg/m3 1025
Content density ρf kg/m 3
866.3
Corrosion coating density ρco kg/m 3
952.00
Concrete density ρco kg/m 3
3040
Soil Type at Seabed Clay Exposed
Dry Soil Weight Ϫsoil_dry kg/m3 1700
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS


Submerged Soil Weight Ϫsoil_sub kg/m3 713.6

1) Fully Unrestrained Pipeline

D−t 1 = 51.64 MPa ; Hoop stress


σ h = ( Pi − Pe )
2 . t1
2
( D−2 t1 ) = 24.73 MPa ; Longitudinal stress
σ L = ( Pi − Pe )
4 . t 1 ( D−t )
2) Fully Restrained Pipeline

D−t 1
σ h = ( Pi − Pe )×
( )
2. t 1
= 51.64 MPa ; Hoop stress

σ L =(E×α×ΔT )+0.3σ h = 165 MPa ; Longitudinal stress

= 203 ton ; Axial Force at Steel Pipe


F L = [( E×α×ΔT )+0.3σ h ]× A

= 196 ton ; Anchor Force (Effective Force)


F A = [( E×α× ΔT )+0.2σ h ]× A
Large anchor force (FA) at pipeline indicates that it wil be advisable to have some flexibility in pipeline
to fixed structure (PLEM, PLET, etc.) tie-in to allow piping system to slide along the pipeline axis. This
can be achieved by either the spool configuration or sliding clamp on fixed structure.

Flexibility/restraint of pipeline should be kept in mind when the fixed structure (PLEM, PLET, etc.)
design is reviewed.
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS

3) Expansion Calculation

FL

Considering pipeline to be partially restrained at structure end (PLEM, PLET, etc.), the length of
pipeline over which pipeline movement occurs can be estimated by "virtual anchor length" or "the
effective length", Lf as follows :

π ×R 2 ×Pd
2×t
Lf =
m
FR (
× 1−2×ν+
Pd ×R m )
×E×α×( T 1 −T a ) = 79.35 m ; Virtual Anchor Length

The amount of pipe movement based on the virtual anchor length :

0 . 25×L 2×FR
(
ΔL = ( α×( T 1 −T a ) ×L )− υ×
σH
E )(
× L + 0 .5×
σH
E )(
×L −
f
E×π ×R m×t ) = 29.0 mm

Where :
- FR is passive soil resistance according to DNVGL-RP-F114 Appendix A.
- Rm is mean pipe radius.

4) Global Buckling Check Initiated in The Vertical Plane (For Exposed Pipe Only)

According to DNVGL-RP-F110 Section 6.3.2, upheaval buckling will occur, if the effective axial force
exceeds :

π 2× E × I
FL ≥ = 208.6 ton
L 2
uplift

F L = [( E×α×ΔT )+0.3σ h ]× A = 202.8 ton OK


PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS


Based on above calculation, effective axial force is less than limitation for upheaval buckling effect.
Hence, the upheaval buckling will not be occurred.

5) Global Buckling Check Initiated by Lateral Imperfection (For Exposed Pipe Only)

According to DNVGL-RP-F110 Section 6.3.3, No buckling implies that the pipeline will develop
marginal deviation from as-laid alignment and fulfil :

F L < 0.65×F ∞
Where :

F L = [( E×α×ΔT )+0.3σ h ]× A = 202.8 ton

F∞ = 2.26× ( E× A )0 .25 ×( E×I )0.25×FR 0 .5 = 1682.8 ton

0.65×F ∞ = 1093.8 ton OK

Based on above calculation, effective axial force is larger than critical level of the effective axial force
for the infinite buckling mode. Hence, the buckling will be implied.

Pipeline stabilization shall be conducted for exposed pipeline if limitation for effective axial force
larger than designed effective axial force. The pipeline stabilization may be conducted by providing
concrete saddle or concrete mattress and increase concrete weight coating.
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS


PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS


This analysis will be conducted to ensure that there is no large axial stress that will be occurred caused by
design operating temperature which will affect to upheaval buckling condition. The analysis result will also be
used to provide design force for restraining system at PLEM/PLET or other fixed structures.

PIPELINE BUCKLING MODE BASED ON PRESSURE & TEMPERATURE

CASES
Description Symbol Unit Remark
Operation

Design internal pressure Pd MPa 4.1


Maximum Seabed Depth h m 19.6
Design external pressure Pe MPa 2.3
Seabed temperature Ta 0
C 27.5
Design temperature T1 0
C 93.3
Coeff. Of thermal expansion α /C
0
1.1E-05
Outside diameter Do mm 609.6 24 in Pipe
Pipe wall thickness t mm 12.7
Corrosion coat. thickness tco mm 2.8
Concrete coat. thickness tc mm 30.0
Elastic Modulus of steel pipe Es MPa 2.1E+05
Current velocity V m/s 1.7
Kinematic viscosity v m2/s 9.60E-07
Steel density ρs kg/m3 7850
Sea water density ρw kg/m3 1025
Content density ρf kg/m 3
866.3
Corrosion coating density ρco kg/m 3
952.00
Concrete density ρco kg/m 3
3040
Soil Type at Seabed Clay Burried
Dry Soil Weight Ϫsoil_dry kg/m3 1700
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS


Submerged Soil Weight Ϫsoil_sub kg/m3 713.6

1) Fully Unrestrained Pipeline

D−t 1
σ h = ( Pi − Pe ) = 43.95 MPa ; Hoop stress
2 . t1
2
( D−2 t1 )
σ L = ( Pi − P e ) = 21 MPa ; Longitudinal stress
4 . t 1 ( D−t )
2) Fully Restrained Pipeline

D−t 1
σ h = ( Pi − Pe )×
( )
2. t 1
= 43.95 MPa ; Hoop stress

σ L =( E×α×ΔT )+0.3σ h = 163 MPa ; Longitudinal stress

F L = [( E×α×ΔT )+0.3σ h ]× A = 200 ton ; Axial Force at Steel Pipe

F A = [( E×α× ΔT )+0.2σ h ]× A = 195 ton ; Anchor Force (Effective Force)

Large anchor force (FA) at pipeline indicates that it wil be advisable to have some flexibility in pipeline
to fixed structure (PLEM, PLET, etc.) tie-in to allow piping system to slide along the pipeline axis. This
can be achieved by either the spool configuration or sliding clamp on fixed structure.

Flexibility/restraint of pipeline should be kept in mind when the fixed structure (PLEM, PLET, etc.)
design is reviewed.
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS

3) Expansion Calculation

FL

Considering pipeline to be partially restrained at structure end (PLEM, PLET, etc.), the length of
pipeline over which pipeline movement occurs can be estimated by "virtual anchor length" or "the
effective length", Lf as follows :

π ×R 2×Pd
2×t
Lf =
m
FR (
× 1−2×ν+
Pd ×R m )
×E×α×( T 1 −T a ) = 2089 m ; Virtual Anchor Length

The amount of pipe movement based on the effective buckling length (virtual anchor length) :

0 .25×L 2×FR
(
ΔL = ( α×( T 1 −T a ) ×L )− υ×
σH
E )(
× L + 0 .5×
σH
E )(
×L −
f
E×π×R m×t ) = 764.6 mm

Where :
- FR is passive soil resistance according to DNVGL-RP-F114 Appendix A.
- Rm is mean pipe radius.

4) Required Download Stability of Soil Cover to Prevent Buckling (For Burried Pipe Only)

According to Palmer et al. in Design of submarine pipelines against upheaval buckling (Offshore
Technology Conference), required download stability during operation can be determined by the
following equation :

0.5

( )
E×I ×ω0
( ) H ×ω0 0.5
H
( )
= 1178 kg/m
ω= 1 .16−4.76 × F L×
FL E×I
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
0.5

( )
E×I ×ω
REVISION
PRINTED DATE
:
:
-
(
23-May-18
H ×ω0
0
) 0.5
ω= 1 .16−4.76
H
FL
× F L× EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PIPELINE THERMAL
E×I ( )
where EI is the flexural rigidity of the pipeline, ωo is the submerged weight of the pipeline and H is the
imperfection height (2 m as per Indonesian regulation).

Total actual download is the sum of the submerged weight and the uplift resistance of the cover such
as follows :

For Clay :

ωuplift =
Ϫsoil_sub + su x D x (3 x H/D]) = 9385 kg/m OK
PROJECT INFORMATION
MODULE : PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS
PROJECT NAME : Installation of SPM 50,000 DWT and The Submarine Pipeline to TBBM Pengapon
CLIENT : PT Pertamina
REVISION : -
PRINTED DATE : 23-May-18

PIPELINE THERMAL EXPANSION ANALYSIS

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