Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
Program Description
0 Conversion Factors
1 API - Determines oil API, density and molecular weight at any temperature
5 PVT: Determine Bo, Bw,Bg, GOR, Pb,compressibility, dead/live oil viscosity at reservoir temperature
6 Steam Tables
7 Heat of Combustion
11 Steam Conformance
12 Oil-Steam Ratio
13 Combustion Parameters
18 Recombination at Separator
20 Reserves
21 SAGD
22 Horizontal Wells
23 Thermal Casings
24 Wellbore Heatlosses
25 Reservoir Properties
28 Success-Fail Model
29 Original-Gas-In-Place
30 Refinery Calculations
31 Relative Permeability
32 Slurry Viscosity
33 DST
34 Volumetrics
35 Engineering Economics
36 Sask Royalties
37 Alta Royalties
38 Oil Prices
43 EOR Parameters
44 EOR Royalties
45 Tracers - Radioactive
46 Heavy Fractions
47 Mining
48 Production Facilities
49 Catalyst
50 Canadian Dollar
METRIC UNITS
Length 1 m
1 m
250 km
1 cm
Area 10000 m2
1 m2
1000 m2
1 km2
4143.9 ha
1 ha
1 ha
Volume 7 m3
Oil Volume 60 m3
Water Volume 1 m3
Butane Volume 1 m3
Propane Volume 13 m3
Ethane Volume 1 m3
Gas volume 1 m3
Gas Volume 1 e3 m3
Liquid Volume 14 litres
Liquid Volume 1 litres
Liquid Volume 1 litres
Mass 1 kg
1 Tonnes
1 Tonnes
454 gm
150 metic tonnes CO2
Force 1 Newtons
Temperature 13 deg C
5 deg C
1 K
1 K
Permeability 1 m2
1 micro m2
Heat, Enthalpy 1 kJ
1 GJ
1 J
Horsepower 1 kW
GOR 10 m3/m3
Concentration 1 mg/kg
IMPERIAL
B TO METRIC CONVERSION
Input Here:
IMPERIAL UNITS
Length 2 ft
1 yd
1 mile
1 inches
Area 1 ft2
1 yard2
1 acres
1 sections
1 sections
1 acres
1 ft2
Mass 1 lb
1 Long tons
1 Short tons
16 oz
3000 mcf CO2
Gauge+14.7psi=Absolute Pr
Dynamic Viscosity 1 cp
Permeability 1 Darcy
5 Darcy
Horsepower 1 hp (electric)
GOR 50 scf/bbl
Concentration 1 ppm
yotta 10^24 Y
zetta 10^21 Z
exa 10^18 E
peca 10^15 P
tera 10^12 T
giga 10^9 G
mega 10^6 M
kilo 10^3 k
hecto 10^2 h
deka 10 da
deci 10^ -1 d
centi 10^ -2 c
milli 10^ -3 m
micro 10^ -6 Greek Letter mu
nano 10^ -9 n
pico 10^ -12 p
femto 10^ -15 f
atto 10^ -18 a
zepto 10^-21 z
yocto 10^-24 y
Natural gas
Methane 1 Mcf
Methane 1 Bcf
Methane 1 Tcf
Ethane 1 m3
Propane 1 m3
Butane 1 m3
Crude Oil
Light Oil 1 m3
Heavy Oil 1 m3
Pentanes Plus 1 m3
Bitumen 1 m3
Synthetic Crude Oil 1 m3
Solids
Coals Bituminous 1 tonne
Coals Subbituminous 1 tonne
Asphalt 1 m3
Coke 1 m3
Concentration
Example 1:
Example 2:
Rules of Thumb:
1 litre water weighs 1 kg
Molar Mass:
Problem:
1. Convert:
12 MPa = ? Psi
200 hp=? kW
1000 GJ=?J
10 kPa/m=?psi/ft
20 e3 m3=?MMscf
1 bbl heavy oil has ? GJ energy content
Output
3.281 ft
1.094 yd
155.343 mile
0.394 inch
107639.000 ft2
1.196 yard2
0.247 acres
1 section = 640 acres 0.386 sections
15.995 sections
1 ha=10,000 m2 2.471 acres
107639.0 ft2
247.203 ft3
377.572 bbl
6.290 bbl
6.297 bbl
81.900 bbl
6.330 bbl
0.035 MCF
35.494 MCF
1 litre = 0.001 m3 3.080 gallons (Imperial)
or 1000 litre =1 m3 0.264 gallons (US)
1 litre=1000 cm3 0.006 bbl
0.0442 psi/ft
1 Pa-s=1 kg/m-s 1 cp
55.400 deg F
501.000 deg R
R=deg F + 460 1.800 deg R
K= deg C + 273 0.556 deg F
16.0185 ft3/lb
434.752 bbl/d
3051190.0 ft3/d
7936.632 lb/hr
50155.107 lb/hr
1.194 Btu/lb-deg F
0.014911308 Btu-ft3-deg F
0.429922614 Btu/lb
577.7875 Btu/hr-ft-deg F
0.57778 Btu/hr-ft-deg F
38750 ft2/hr
176.110287306 Btu/hr-ft2-degF
Output
0.6096 m
0.914 m
1.609 km
2.54 cm
0.093 m2
0.836 m2
4046.856 m2
2.590 km2
259.109 ha
1 acre=43560 ft2 0.405 ha
0.000009 ha
1699009.2 m3
0.15891 m3
63.592 m3
0.15881 m3
2.06349 m3
0.15798 m3
28.17399 m3
0.02817399 1e3m3
63.64526 litres
3.785412 litres
158.91 litres
2.957353E-05 m3
0.453592 kg
1 tonne=1000 kg 1.016047 tonnes
0.9071847 Tonnes
454 gm
155.75 metric tonnes CO2
22.6206 kPa/m
66723.3 Newton
6672.3 daN
1 mPa-s
0.000001 m2/s
93.33 deg C
4.444 deg C
K= deg C + 273 0.556 K
1.8 K
999.5544 kg/m3
119.839 kg/m3
0.062427818 m3/kg
0.00000184 m3/s
0.000000328 m3/s
0.000125998 kg/s
0.010886229 tonne/d
9.8692327E-13 m2
4.9346 micro m2
3163.84609788 J
4.186799993 kJ/kg-K
67.063197944 kJ/m3-K
2.326 kJ/kg
0.00173074 kW/m-K
1.730762574 W/m-K
0.000025806 m2/s
0.00567826 kW/m2-K
0.745699921 kW
8.86476255 m3/m3
1 mg/kg
0.01 gray
0.01 rem
1.05 GJ or 0.995 MMBtu
1.05 PJ
1.05 EJ
18.36 GJ
25.53 GJ
28.62 GJ
38.51 GJ
40.9 GJ
35.17 GJ
42.8 GJ
39.4 GJ
25 GJ
18.5 GJ
44.5 GJ
28.8 GJ
Seconds
6
1 Pa=1 Nt/m2
1 Pa=0.1 dynes/cm2
Density of Oil Table of Contents
Input:
Output:
Input:
Temperature 50 deg C
Output:
Problem
Density kg/m3
specific heat, thermal
conductivity at any temperature
1000.00
TDS corrections for standard conditions
980.00
Input:
940.00
Output:
4.18 0.5800
0.5600
4.16
0.5400
4.14
0.5200
4.12 0.5000
0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140 0 20 40 60 80 100 120 140
Temperature deg C Temperature deg C
Input:
Total Dissolved Solids % in water 20 percent (at 15 deg C and atmospheric Pressure)
Output:
B. Solubility of Methane in
Interstitial Water
McCain (1990)
Input:
Output
C. Water Hardness
Uses Langelier Saturation Index
Input:
Output:
Input:
Output:
Problem:
Input:
Oil API
Rock porosity
Oil Saturation
Water Saturation
Reservoir temperature
Fraction of matrix that is quartz
Output:
Problem 1
Problem 2
Material
Copper
Carbon Steel
Air
Water, saturated liquid
Water, saturated vapor
Iron
Cement
1 Hydrocarbons
Input
Temperature
Specific Gravity
Output
Thermal Conductivity
Table of Contents
Heat Capacity
2643 kg/m3
933.99 kg/m3
0.87 dimensionless
867.7 kg/m3
958.94 kg/m3
2.23 kJ/kg-K
4.20 kJ/kg-K
0.96296 kJ/kg-K
2653.70 kJ/m3-K
2.54 W/m-K
0.00096 1000 m2/s
0.95886 mm2/s
1.55 Btu/hr-ft-F
2.53 W/m-K
Thermal Thermal
Conductivity Diffusivity
W/m-K 10^ -4 m2/s
401 1.17
60.5 0.145
0.026 0.202
0.609 0.0014
0.0186 4.08
79.1 0.228
1.82 0.009
25 deg C
0.9 no units
0.128 W/m-deg C
cal/gm-deg C
Viscosity of Liquid Mixtures
A Calculates the viscosity of a liquid mixture
of 2 liquids of different viscosity and concentration
using Cragoe's Method
Input:
Output:
Liquidity 1 139.88
Liquidity 2 482.05
Liquidity of mixture 156.99
Input:
Output:
Problem
Current pipeline specs on the Enbridge line is
a maximum viscosity limit of 350 centistokes.
What mass fraction of Strachen condensate
is needed to move Cold Lake crude at this viscosity
and at a pipeline temperature of 30 deg C?
Input
Output
Gamma 3.6344126
alpha 0.3329714
xa 0.2497964
xb 0.75
Mixture Viscosity 0.1528007 cp
Table of Contents
Diesel 2.467 cs
Naptha 0.703 cs
Toluene 0.614 cs
Strachen Condensate 0.528 cs
Rimbey Condensate 0.432 cs
Units of Viscosity
2) Kinematic Viscosity
Pa-s/(kg/m3) = m2/s
Then
1 centistoke = 0.01 stoke
or
1 centistoke = 1 e-6 m2/s
PVT for Heavy/Extra Heavy Oil
Reservoir Classification
Bitumen
PVT Variables
Input:
Solution GOR
Gas Gravity
Reservoir Temperature
API of crude
Output:
Bubble Point Pressure
Input:
OutPut:
Input:
Gas-oil ratio
Gas Gravity
API of crude
Reservoir Temperature
Output:
Oil Formation Volume Factor, Bo
Input:
API of crude
Reservoir Temperature
Output:
Input:
API of crude
GOR
Gas Gravity
Separator Pressure
Separator Temperature
Dead oil viscosity (from Part D above)
Output:
Input:
Reservoir Temperature
Output:
Input:
Reservoir Pressure
Reservoir Temperature
Output:
Reservoir Pressure
Reservoir Temperature
Compressibility Factor, z
Output:
Gas Formation Volume Factor, Bg
I. Gas Viscosity, mu g
Input:
Temperature
Gas density
Gas Composition:
Nitrogen
Carbon Dioxide
Hydrogen Sulphide
Methane
Ethane
Propane
i-Butane
n-Butane
i-Pentane
n-Pentane
Hexane
Heptane plus
Total mole fraction
Output:
Molecular Mass
Gas Viscosity
J. Oil Compressiblity, Co
Uses the modified Vasquez-Beggs Correlation
Input:
Gas Gravity
Separator Pressure
Separator Temperature
Oil API
Solution GOR
Reservoir Temperature
Reservoir Pressure
Output:
J. a Oil Compressibility, Co
Uses Al-Marhoun Correlation, SPE 81432, 2003
Input:
Output:
Oil Compressibility
Input:
Oil Specific Gravity
Temperature
Output:
Oil Specific Heat
Input:
Temperature
Output:
Water Specific Heat
Input
Dead oil viscosity at 50 deg C
Desired Temperature
Output
Problem 1
Plot Cold Lake (API =10 deg) dead oil viscosity (cp) vs
Temperature (from 13 to 300 deg C). What is
Cold Lake oil viscosity at reservoir temperature
(of 13 deg C)?
Problem 2
Problem 3
Problem 4
Problem 5
Problem 6
of Hydrocarbons
10 < API < 20 20 < API < low 30's low 30's < API < low 50's
negl < GOR < 20 20 < GOR < 90 90 < GOR < 350 to 1000
1.01 < Bo < 1.1 1.1 < Bo < 1.5 1.5 < Bo < 2.5 to 3.5
100 < mu < 10000 2 < mu < 100 .25 < mu < 2 to 3
black colored colored
>20 13-20 13-20
16.8 m3/m3
0.65 fraction
31.3 deg C
13.3 dimensionless
5332 kPa
3100 kPaa
0.7 fraction
20 dimensionless
20 deg C
115 kPaa
15 deg C
0.66 fraction
8.48 m3/m3
26 m3/m3
0.757 fraction
17 dimensionless
33 deg C
1.064 m3/m3
23 dimensionless
60 deg C
24 cp
25 centistokes
SPE 23556
23 dimensionless
25 m3/m3
0.65 dimensionless
150 kPa
25 deg C
24 cp
12 cp
20 deg C
1.35 cp
3000 kPa
20 deg C
0.998 m3/m3
3000 kPa
20 deg C
0.9 fraction
0.0309 m3/m3
30 deg C
0.173 g/cc
MW
0.017 mole fraction 28.013
0.0328 mole fraction 44.01
0.0066 mole fraction 34.08
0.8924 mole fraction 16.043
0.0396 mole fraction 30.07
0.0051 mole fraction 44.097
0.0012 mole fraction 58.124
0.0013 mole fraction 58.124
0.0006 mole fraction 72.151
0.0004 mole fraction 72.151
0.0006 mole fraction 86.178
0.0024 mole fraction 100.205
1
18.387
0.020 cp
0.7 fraction
150 kPa
25 deg C
12 dimensionless
10 m3/m3
15 deg C
3000 kPa
0.6724 fraction
-4.9732E-06 kPa -1
0.97 fraction
1300 psia
1300 psia
100 deg F
4.43667428518797E-06 psi-1
0.99 dimensionless
25 Deg C
1.7915 kJ/kg-deg K
25 deg C
4.3954 kJ/kg-deg K
1059
100
74.22 cp
Retrograde Condensate Gas Wet Gas
Input:
Output:
Input:
Output:
Saturated Steam
400.0
350.0
Vapor
300.0
250.0
Liquid
200.0
150.0
100.0
50.0
0.0
0.0 2.0 4.0 6.0 8.0 10.0 12.0 14.0
Saturation Pressure MPa
Problem: How much heat (in Joules per gram of water) is required to
change the state of liquid water at
100 deg C to gas at 100 deg C without
a change in temperature?
Table of Contents
(valid up to 20 Mpa)
hv Lv vw vv vs Rhow Rhov
kJ/kg kJ/kg m3/kg m3/kg m3/kg kg/m3 kg/m3
eam
quid
s required to
Mus
cp
0.0209
0.0207
0.0205
0.0203
0.0200
0.0198
0.0195
0.0192
0.0189
0.0185
0.0181
0.0176
0.0171
0.0163
0.0152
Heats of Combustion
Use Maxwell's Correlation at 15 deg C
Input:
Output:
0
5
10
15
20
25
30
Example:
API vs Wt % S
3.5
3
f(x) = - 2.22222222222217E-05x^3 + 0.0024047619x^2 - 0.1371825397x + 2.9583333333
S
API vs Wt % S
3.5
3
f(x) = - 2.22222222222217E-05x^3 + 0.0024047619x^2 - 0.1371825397x + 2.9583333333
Wt % S
2.5
1.5
0.5
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30 35
API
Problem:
For Cold Lake Crude, does the heat of combustion increase or decrease with
increasing Sulphur content (use S from 0.5 to 2 wt %)?
Table of Contents
dimensionless
wt %
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
kJ/kg
2.95 2.9583
2.35 2.3298
1.8 1.8063
1.35 1.3728
1 1.0143
0.7 0.7158
0.4 0.4623
+ 2.9583333333
+ 2.9583333333
30 35
Heat Conduction Complementary Error Function
Input:
Variable
Output:
Erfc(x)
Error Function
0.9
0.8
Erfc(x)
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5
Variable
Table of Contents
1 dimensionless
0.157307 dimensionless
0.842693 dimensionless
Variable erfc(x)
0 1
0.1 0.887963
0.2 0.777245
0.3 0.670949
0.4 0.571194
0.5 0.479375
0.6 0.396362
0.7 0.322633
0.8 0.258344
0.9 0.203365
1 0.157307
1.1 0.119546
1.2 0.089267
1.3 0.065527
1.4 0.047323
1.5 0.033659
1.6 0.02361
1.7 0.016357
1.8 0.011211
1.9 0.007615
2 2.5 3 2 0.005134
2.1 0.003442
2.2 0.002297
2.3 0.001529
2.4 0.001017
2.5 0.000676
2.6 0.00045
2.7 0.0003
2.8 0.0002
2.9 0.000134
3 9.02E-05
Hot Fluid Injection
Use Program 3
to determine thermal properties of formation
and Program 2
for water properties
Input:
Reservoir Temperature 37
Water Injection Temperature 550
Thermal Conductivity of over/underburdens 2.07
Heat capacity of adjacent formations 2012
Heat capacity of formation 2010
Formation thickness 6
Injected water density 1000
Injected water specific heat 4.18
Water Injection Rate 100
Linear or radial distance from injection well 15
Injection Time 100
Output:
100
0
0 20 40 60 80 100 120
Distance From Injector, m
Problem
deg C
deg C
W/m-K
kJ/m3-K
kJ/m3-K
m
kg/m3
kJ/kg-K
m3/d
m
days
days,
m
deg C
Compl Temp
Error Function deg C
0.9988691146 549
0.9954607559 548
0.9897273821 545
0.9815882745 541
0.9709271922 535
0.957588828 528
0.94137376 520
0.9220314358 510
0.8992504883 498
ot Water Injection
0.8726453281 485
0.8417374022 469
0.8059286332 450
0.7644631482 429
0.7163711869 404
0.6603857228 376
0.1814569011 130
1 37
1 37
1 37
1 37
1 37
1 37
Input:
Output:
Marx-Langenheim Assumptions:
Problem
W/m-K
kJ/m3-K
kJ/m3-K
deg C
fraction
m3/d
MPa
m
days
kJ/kg
deg C
kJ/kg
kW 1 kW=1 kJ/s
m3
m
Estimates Vertical Conformance of
a Steamflood using van Lookeren's Method
Input:
Output:
Problem:
What is the average thickness swept by the steam zone at Pikes Peak
where the reservoir thickness is 30 m, the steam quality is 60%, the
injection rate is 175 m3/d at an injection pressure of 8 MPa
The oil API is 18 degrees. Assume an effective permeability to
steam of 800 md. Assume a single pattern.
Table of Contents
MPa
m3/d
fraction
Darcies
m
dimensionless
deg C
cp
kg/m3
kg/m3
kg/s
dimensionless
m
Predicts Oil-Steam Ratio (or Steam-Oil Ratio)
using Chu's correlation for Steamflood
Input:
Output
Problem:
What would be the predicted OSR for the pattern steam flood
described in the previous problem on worksheet 11?
Recall the reservoir dip is 4.5 degrees, reservoir depth is 500 m, oil saturation
is 80% with median porosity 34% and viscosity 5000 cp.
Table of Contents
m
mD
degrees
m
fraction
fraction
cp
m3/m3
m3/m3
In-Situ Combustion Parameters Table of Contents
Input:
Laboratory Data
Output:
Problem
CO2=14%
N2=83%
CO=1%
O2=2%
The field contains the same porosity (30%) and oil saturation
(70%) as the lab model. The lab model burned through
8500 m3 sand and produced about 1.7 e6 m3 gas.
The field average pay is 20 m and proposed air
injection rate is 0.3 e6 m3/d.
Calculate:
In 2001, Alberta
Calculates pressure drop for a single pipeline construction
phase fluid in laminar or turbulent flow costs are about
$45,000 - $50,000
per inch/mile.
Input:
Fluid Viscosity 1 cp
Fluid Density 1000 kg/m3
Pipe Inside Diameter 50.88 mm
Flow Rate 1000 m3/d
Pipe Length 66 m
Output:
Problem 1
Problem 2
Input:
Output:
Input:
Output:
Problem:
Input:
Reservoir Pressure 3000
Oil Formation Volume Factor 1.02
Gas Formation Volume Factor 0.03
Water Formation Volume Factor 1.01
Solution Gas Ratio 13
Pattern 1
Pattern
Well UID Allocation factor
(Tract Factor)
Injector 07-01-45-21-W3M 1
Producer 01-01-45-21-W3M 0.25
Producer 02-01-45-21-W3M 0.5
Producer 03-01-45-21-W3M 0.25
Producer 06-01-45-21-W3M 0.5
Producer 08-01-45-21-W3M 0.5
Producer 09-01-45-21-W3M 0.25
Producer 10-01-45-21-W3M 0.5
Producer 11-01-45-21-W3M 0.25
Waterflooding
Problem
API = 20 deg
Reservoir Temperature=20 deg C
Gas Gravity=0.65
Reservoir Pressure=5000 kPa
z=0.9
GOR=10 m3/m3
Well UID
Producer 01-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 02-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 03-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 04-01--54-22-W3M
Injector 05-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 06-01--54-22-W3M
Injector 07-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 08-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 09-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 10-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 11-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 12-01--54-22-W3M
Injector 13-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 14-01--54-22-W3M
Injector 15-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 16-01--54-22-W3M
Producer 01-02--54-22-W3M
Producer 08-02--54-22-W3M
Producer 09-02--54-22-W3M
Producer 16-02--54-22-W3M
Producer 01-11--54-22-W3M
Producer 01-12--54-22-W3M
Producer 02-12--54-22-W3M
Producer 03-12--54-22-W3M
Producer 04-12--54-22-W3M
Table of Contents
kPa
m3/m3
m3/m3
m3/m3
m3/m3
Mon. Water Cum Water Mon. Oil Cum Oil Mon. Gas Cum Gas
Inj m3 Inj m3 Prod m3 Prod m3 Prod e3 m3 Prod e3 m3
2050 13000
50 59 14 400
25 1250 10 500
10 450 5 30
3 560 0 0
4 789 0 1
75 250 0 3
60 200 0 0
100 894 0 0
? 90 1
? 30 0
? 50 3
? 10 0
? ?
? 30 0
? ?
? 35 2
? 70 1
? 50 1
? 40 1
? 32 1
? ?
? 20 0
? ?
? 10 0
? 15 0
? 13 1
? 9 0
? 16 0
? 17 0
? 15 1
? 12 0
? 5 0
? 14 1
Mon Water Cum Water Monthly Cum VRR
Prod m3 Prod m3 VRR
800 1000
1030 1300
456 890
130 460
450 489
890 980
230 592
890 983
1.0079 0.9174
Cum Gas Mon Water Cum Water Monthly
Prod e3 m3 Prod m3 Prod m3 VRR
40
40
10
23
30
45
100
50
50
40
30
10
20
25
20
20
20
40
25
5
22
Bottom Hole Pressure Calculation
Acoustical Well Sounder
Input:
Well Name: Heavy Oil Well 08-07
KB Elevation 566.42 m
CF Elevation: 563.00 m
MPP Depth from CF: 472.00 mCF
Tubing Depth from CF: 470.00 mCF
No. Jts. In well: 48
Avg. Jt. Length: 9.79 m
Pool Datum mSS: -38.50 mSS
Well Datum: 524.50 mCF
PBTD 506.00 mCF
Output:
PRODUCING BOTTOM HOLE
PRESSURES
Joints to fluid 20
Gas col.length,m 196
Casing pressure,kPag 0
Press.at fl.level,kPag 0
Fluid col. pressure to Bot. Tubing,kPag 2626
Press. at tbg bottom,kPag 2626
MPP pressure, kPag 2646
Datum pressure, kPag 3148
Input:
Gas Specific Gravity 0.566
Reservoir Pressure 4275
Compressibility value, z 0.9229
Reservoir Temperature 23
Output:
Gas Gradient 0.0142
or 0.3217
20
196
0
0
2626
2626
2645
3179
no units
kPa
no units
deg C
psi/ft
kPa/m
Separator Recombination Analysis
Taken from EUB Gas Well Testing Manual
Input:
Sample taken Oct 3/98 MOLAL RECOMBINA
SEPARATOR CONDITIONS HP SEP, Pga 1448 kPa, T
SEPARATOR PRODUCTS HP GAS 51.44 10^3m^3/d(st)
LIQUID: STOCK TANK m^3/d
LIQUID FLOW RATE CALCULATIONS* (STOCK TANK
MOLAR MASS OF LIQUID, ML = 96.1
LIQUID FLOW RATE (mol/d) = FLOW RATE(m^3/d) x (pL / ML) x 100
GAS EQUIVALENT OF LIQUID = LIQUID FLOW RATE (mol/d) x 23.645
(10^3m^3/d(st))
Product C7+
Molar Mass of Component (g/mol) 123.00
Density of Component (kg/m3) 799.60
Volume of Production (m3/d) 3.13
Yield (m3/103m3) 0.06
Yield (bbl/mmcf) 11.07
Plant Efficiency (%) 100.0%
Net Production (m3/d) 3.13
Net Yield (m3/103m3) 0.06
Net Yield (bbl/mmcf) 11.07
Cumulative Net Ci+ Production (m3/d) 3.13
Cumulative Net Ci+ Yield (m3/103m3) 0.06
Cumulative Net Ci+ Yield (bbl/mmcf) 11.07
Volume of Ci Sales as Gas (103m3/d) 0.00
Heating Value, Ideal Gas Ci (MJ/m3) 225.00
Heating Value, Liquid Ci (MJ/m3) 33500
Sales Gas Heating Value (MJ) 0
Cum. Sales Gas Ci+ Heating Value (MJ) 0
Liquid Sold Heating Value (MJ) 104972
Cum. Sales Liquid Ci+ Heating Value (MJ) 104972
Table of Contents
Input:
Output:
0.247 40.8
0.250
0.227 61.2
0.206 81.6
0.200 0.185 102
0.165 122.4
Sor
0.144 142.8
0.150 0.124 163.2
0.103 183.6
0.082 204
0.100 0.062 224.4
0.041 244.8
0.020 265.2
0.050
0.000
0 50 100 150 200 250 300
Steamflood Temp deg C
Problem
What will be the anticipated residual oil
saturation of the steamflood described in
Problem 2 of Program 3?
Table of Contents
250 300
A. Reserves Table of Contents
Input:
Output:
Reserves 10000 m3
Well Life (Exponential) 4 years
Well Life (Hyperbolic) 5 years
Well Life (Harmonic) 5 years
Decline Curves
25.00
Oil Rate m3/d
20.00
15.00 Exponenti
al
Hyperboli
c
10.00
5.00
0.00
0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time in Years
12000
25 100
Oil Rate m3/d
10000 20
8000
15 15
6000 10
10 10
4000
5 5
2000
0 0 1
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00 0
0.00 0.50 1.00 1.50 2.00 2.50 3.00 3.50 4.00
Time In years Time in Years Time in Years 0 2000 4000 6000 8000 10000 12000
Cum Oil m3
Hyberbolic Decline
0 20.00 0 0
1.00 8.60 4759 4759
2.00 4.93 7129 2370
3.00 3.25 8586 1457
4.00 2.33 9588 1002
4.52 2.00 10000 412
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
4.52 2.00 10000 0
12000
25.00
Oil Rate m3/d
10000
20.00
8000
15.00
6000
10.00
4000
5.00
2000
0.00 0
0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5 0 0.5 1 1.5 2 2.5 3 3.5 4 4.5 5
Time in Years Time in Years
Harmonic decline
Nominal Decline 0.00461 per day
Nominal Decline 1.68089 per year
Life of Well 5.35 years
0 20.00 0 0
1.00 7.46 4283 4283
2.00 4.59 6397 2114
3.00 3.31 7812 1416
4.00 2.59 8878 1066
5.00 2.13 9733 855
5.35 2.00 10000 267
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
5.35 2.00 10000 0
25.00 12000
Oil Rate m3/d
20.00 10000
8000
15.00
6000
10.00
4000
5.00
2000
0.00 0
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 0 1 2 3 4 5 6
Time in Years
Time in Years
Problem:
Input Variance
Minimum Most Likely Maximum Mean, m1(x) m2(x)
Netpay, m 4.2 12 17 11.051 137.6
Porosity, fraction 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.147 0.0217
Oil Saturation, fraction 0.78 0.8 0.82 0.800 0.6402
Area, Hectares 50 520 1000 523.390 359400.9
Oil Formation Volume Factor 1.02 1.022 1.023 1.022 1.0
Output:
Input:
Net Pay
Porosity
Initial Oil Saturation
Reservoir Temperature
Steam Injection Pressure
Oil Gravity
Reservoir Permeability
Horizontal Producer Length
Output:
Steam Temperature
Oil Density at steam temperature
Oil Viscosity at reservoir conditions
Oil Viscosity at steam temperature
or
Rock Density assumed
Oil Density at 15 deg C
Oil Specific Gravity at Reservoir Temp
Oil density at Reservoir Temp
Water Density at Reservoir Temp
Specific Heat of Oil
Specific Heat of Water
Specific Heat of rock assumed
10 m
0.2 fraction
0.7 fraction
15 deg C
1.7 MPa
15 deg API
1 darcies
500 m
204.0 deg C
821.5 kg/m3
3725 cp
7.6 cp
9.2 centistokes
2643 kg/m3
965.87 kg/m3
0.97 dimensionless
1.0 kg/m3
1003.45 kg/m3
1.77 kJ/kg-K
4.27 kJ/kg-K
0.96296 kJ/kg-K
2293.68 kJ/m3-K
3.18 W/m-K
0.00138 1000 m2/s
0.1196352 m2/d
0.056 fraction
46.26 m3/d
Horizontal Well Calculations
Input:
Output:
100 16.9
250 31.7
400 46.4
500 56.7
600 67.4
1000 112.8
1500 172.2
200.0
180.0
Oil Rate m3/d
160.0
140.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
120.0
100.0
80.0
60.0
40.0
20.0
0.0
0 200 400 600 800 1000 1200 1400 1600
Horizontal Well Length m
Input:
Output:
70.00
60.00
Pressure Drop kPa
Pressure Drop Toe-to-Heel
11.01
16.51
70.00
22.01
27.52
60.00
33.02
50.00 38.53
44.03
40.00 49.53
55.04
30.00 60.54
66.04
20.00
10.00
0.00
0 10 20 30 40 50 60 70
Oil Rate m3/d
Input:
Output:
0.05 27
0.1 37
0.2 57
0.3 76
0.4 93
0.5 110
0.6 125
0.7 139
0.8 152
0.05 16
0.1 22
0.2 32
0.3 41
0.4 49
0.5 56
0.6 61
0.7 66
0.8 69
Pressure Drop kPa/m
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Void Fraction
Pressure Drop kPa/m
Horizontal Well With Perfs Pressure Drop
160
140
120
100
80
60
40
20
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Void Fraction
Pressure Drop kPa/m
80
70
60
Pressure Drop kPa/m
Horizontal Perf'd Well Producing Water Pressure Drop
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9
Void Fraction
Problem:
Input:
Output:
Dimensionless horizontal length 0.0555702479
Dimensionless flow rate 0.137050263
Dimensionless gas cap size 0.36
Dimensionless aquifer size 0.9
Dimensionless breakthrough time 0.0041031069
Dimensionless vertical distance from WOC
Breakthrough time 16
Optimum placement above WOC contact 4.2
Table of Contents
acres
m
m
mm
MPa
MPa
md
md
cp
m3/m3
no units
acres
m
ft
md
dimensionless
m3/d
cp
m3/m3
m3/d
m
mm
kPa
5
10
15
20
25
30
35
40
45
50
55
60
60 70
cp
m
scf/bbl
fraction
0.8 0.9
7 0.8 0.9
.7 0.8 0.9
m
acres
m3/d
m
fraction
m
m
md
md
cp
m3/m3
no units Mow=(muoil/kro at Swc)/(muwater/krw at 1-Sor)
no units Mgo=(muoil/kro at Swc)/(mu gas/krg at 1-Sor)
kPa/m
kPa/m
kPa/m
fraction
fraction
days
m
Thermal Casings
Calculates Yield Strength of Casing J55,N80 (L80), P105, P110
Input:
Output:
20 82507
40 81942
60 81614
80 81496
100 81558
120 81773
140 82113
160 82549
180 83055
200 83602
240 84706
300 85970
400 85163
500 77682
88000
Yield Strength psi
86000
84000
82000
Yield Strength psi
88000
84000
82000
80000
78000
76000
74000
72000
0 100 200 300
Temp deg C
Table of Contents
deg C
deg C
m
deg F
psi
MPa
MPa
m
ength psi
ength psi
Input:
Output:
Problem: What are the heat losses after steaming at Cold Lake for 30 days after 1 cycle?
fter 1 cycle?
RESERVOIR PROPERTIES
A. Porosity Calculation
Input:
Reservoir Depth
Output:
Porosity
B. Absolute and
1 Saturating fluid is
Input:
Liquid flow rate 5
Thickness 3
Viscosity 1
Inlet Pressure 1.5
Outlet Pressure 1
Cross-sectional area 10
Re 22
Rw 8
Core Length 100
Output:
2 Saturating fluid is
Input:
Gas Viscosity 0.0183
Cross-sectional Area 1.36
Length of Core 1.3
Outlet Pressure 1
4.05 1.13
17.9 1.5
34.56 1.86
61.79 2.33
Output:
Klinkenberg Effect
0.6000
0.4000
0.3000
0.2000
0.1000
0.0000
0.5500 0.6000 0.6500 0.7000 0.7500 0.8000 0.850
Inverse Average Pressure, atm-1
0.0000
0.5500 0.6000 0.6500 0.7000 0.7500 0.8000 0.850
Inverse Average Pressure, atm-1
Input:
Output:
Input:
Oil API 10
Weight oil in sample 15
Weight water in sample 2
Weight mineral matter 83
Output:
Oil Density 1
Oil Saturation 15.00%
Water Saturation 2.00%
Oil Saturation 31.04%
Water Saturation 4.14%
Oil Saturation 88.24%
Water Saturation 11.76%
Output
Input:
Depth 700
Initial Reservoir Pressure 10000
Current reservoir Pressure 8000
Output:
Layered Bed:
Input:
Thickness, m
Bed 1 1
Bed 2 5
Bed 3 2
Bed 4 5
Bed 5 2
Bed 6 2.4
Bed 7 3
Bed 8 1
Bed 9 1
Bed 10 1
Output:
Input:
Porosity 25
Permeability to air (Uncorrected) 2000
Output
Input:
Input:
Problem 1
35.11 %
Effective Permeability
Elemental Analysis
liquid.
cc/sec
cm Carbon, mean wt %
cp Hydrogen, mean wt%
atm Sulphur, mean wt%
atm Nitrogen, mean wt %
cm2 Oxygen, mean wt %
cm Vanadium, ppm
cm Nickel, ppm
cm Iron, ppm
gas.
cp
cm2
cm
atm
0.9390 0.5117
0.8000 0.5010
0.6993 0.4916
0.6006 0.4881
darcies
berg Effect
Mineralology
Quartz
Feldspar
wt % Mica and Clays
mm
Krumbein phi scale
g/cm3
weight percent
weight percent
volume percent Bulk Density
volume percent
percent Cold Lake Tar Sands
percent
psi -1
kPa -1
m
kPa
kPa
Permeability, md
100
200
300
400
1000
750
1200
1700
1275
1450
md
deg C in Alberta
deg C in Venezuela
percent
md
microns
m
m subsea
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
kPa
fraction
fraction
cp
cp
fraction
fraction
percent
habasca Tar Sands have
e range of 30-35%, which
sandstone reservoirs
%) due to lack of cement
83.09 82.71
10.64 10.29
4.41 4.68
0.35 0.43
0.35 1.35
166 248
60 77
10 181
Athabasca Oil Sands
95%
2 to 3%
2 to 3%
considered
s than 6 wt % is
2.633 g/cm3
Optimum Working Interest
Uses Cozzolino's Risk
Aversion Formula to
Calculate Optimum
Working Interest
(SPE 6359, 1978)
Chance 20.00%
NPV (Millions) 90
Cost (Millions) 10
Expected Val (Millions) @ 100% 10
Risk Tolerance (Millions) 20
Working Interest rav-coz
100% $ (5.571)
90% $ (4.593)
80% $ (3.628)
70% $ (2.688)
60% $ (1.785)
50% $ (0.943)
40% $ (0.203)
30% $ 0.377
20% $ 0.703
10% $ 0.639
0% $ -
Selected WI 50.00%
EV at Selected WI 5
RAV at Selected WI $ (0.94340)
Apparent Risk Tolerance $61.6576
Working Interest
Risk Adjusted Value
$2.000
$1.000
$-
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
$(1.000)
Working Interest
$1.000
$-
0% 10% 20% 30% 40% 50% 60% 70% 80% 90% 100%
$(1.000)
$(2.000)
$(3.000)
$(4.000)
$(5.000)
$(6.000)
% Working Interest
Chance 20.00%
NPV (Millions) 90
Cost (Millions) 10
Expected Val (mm) @ 100% 10
$8.000
$6.000
$4.000
$2.000
Variable Risk Tolerance
$6.000
$4.000
$2.000
$- rav-coz
$0 $20 $40 $60 $80 $100 $120 rav-
tanh
$(2.000)
$(4.000)
$(6.000)
$(8.000)
$(10.000)
Risk Tolerance MM $
Table of Contents
rav-tanh
$ (3.136)
$ (2.579)
$ (1.983)
$ (1.350)
$ (0.685)
$ (0.007)
$ 0.639
$ 1.146
$ 1.313
$ 0.909
$ -
rav-coz
rav-
tanh
rav-tanh
$ (3.431)
$ (3.136)
$ (1.697)
$ (0.013)
$ 1.598
$ 3.009
$ 4.189
$ 5.153
$ 5.933
$ 6.563
$ 7.074
rav-coz
$100 $120 rav-
tanh
Optimum Number
of Drilling Locations and
Present Day Value
Uses Nind's Formula (1981)
Input:
Output:
bbl/d
Millions
Millions
$/bbl
per year
bbls/acrefoot
feet
bbls/acre
Millions
Success/Fail Model
SEISMIC EXAMPLE
OIL DISCOVERY
90.00%
10.00% SUCCESS
10.00%
20.00%
90.00% FAIL
80.00%
BRIGHT SPOT
33.33%
27.00% SUCCESS
66.67%
1.37%
73.00% FAIL
98.63%
BAYESIAN UPDATING Table of Contents
9.00%
SUCCESS
1.00% 27.00%
FAIL
18.00% 73.00%
SUCCESS
72.00%
FAIL
9.00%
SUCCESS
18.00% 10.00%
FAIL
1.00% 90.00%
SUCCESS
72.00%
FAIL
SUCCESS
FAIL
SUCCESS
FAIL
A. ORIGINAL-GAS-IN-PLACE
Calculates OGIP using
Material Balance and
Standing Correlation for z
Input:
Gas Gravity
Initial Reservoir Pressure
Reservoir Temperature
Abandonment Pressure
Depth
Output:
Estimated Abandonment Pressure
OGIP=
Reserves=
Remaining Reserves=
OGIP
3500.00
3000.00
f(x) = - 74.8366099292x + 3343.74742466
P/Z kPa
2500.00
2000.00
1500.00
1000.00
500.00
0.00
0 5 10 15
Cum Gas Produced e3 m
500.00
0.00
0 5 10 15
Cum Gas Produced e3 m
1 bad data
2 competitive drainage
3 retrograde condensation
4 overpressured reservoir
5 leakage out of reservoir
B. Z Factor Calculation
Input
Output:
Pseudocritical Pressure
Pseudocritical Temperature
Pseudoreduced Pressure
Pseudoreduced Temperature
Apparent Molecular Weight
Z Factor
Gas Density
Table of Contents
0.7 no units
3000 kPa
70 deg C
150 kPa
500 m
680 kPa
OGIP
4.8366099292x + 3343.7474246661
10 15 20 25 30
Cum Gas Produced e3 m3
10 15 20 25 30
Cum Gas Produced e3 m3
0.4978588477 A
1.9643712372 B
0.0614278471 C
1.0000274569 D
kPa
deg C
672.16
384.92
4.46
1.66
20.18
0.8424
167.73 kg/m3
Refining
Input:
Output:
Normal
Carbon Number BP deg K
Methane 1 111.67
Ethane 2 184.53
Propane 3 231.09
n-Butane 4 272.66
i-Butane 4 261.43
n-Pentane 5 309.23
i-Pentane 5 300.9
neo-Pentane 5 282.5
Hexane 6 341.9
Heptane 7 371.59
n-Octane 8 398.7
i-octane 8 372.24
n-Nonane 9 423.8
Decane 10 447
n-Undecane 11 468.9
n-dodecane 12 489.27
n-Tridecane 13 508.444
n-Tetradecane 14 526.5
n-Pentadecane 15 543.6
n-Hexadecane 16 559.77
n-Heptadecane 17 575.16
n-Octadecane 18 589.72
Eicosane 20 617
Docosane 22 642
Tetracosane 24 664
Hexacosane 26 685
Octacosane 28 704
Triacontane 30 722
Dotriacontane 32 739
Tetratriacontane 34 754
Hexatriacontane 36 769
Octatriacontane 38 782
Tetracontane 40 795
Dotetracontane 42 807
tetratetracontane 44 818
900
800
700
600
500
400
300
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Carbon Number
400
300
200
100
0
0 5 10 15 20 25 30
Carbon Number
Input:
Output:
A. Ethane
Temp deg K Te ln Pn
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
250 300 350
Temperature deg K
B. Propane
Temp deg K Te ln Pn
Athabasca Bachaquero
S wt % 5.14 3.39
N wt % 0.56
O wt % 1.17
Ni ppm*100 1.5 1
V ppm*100 2.9 8.8
Composition of Residue Fe
12
Wt % or ppm
10
0
Athabasca Bachaquero Cerro Negro Cold Lake Gach Saran Heavy Arabian Hondo
Table of Contents
SFC=Supercritical
Fluid Chromatography
Normal SGn C B SG
BP R
25 30 35 40 45 50
Carbon Number
25 30 35 40 45 50
Carbon Number
2.975166 19.592871
3.454424 31.640047
3.896522 49.230907
4.305243 74.087205
4.683945 108.19611
5.035616 153.79434
5.362917 213.34647
5.668226 289.52057
5.95367 385.16424
6.221154 503.28382
6.472391 647.02907
6.70892 819.68496
6.932127 1024.6716
7.143264 1265.5527
7.343461 1546.053
7.533739 1870.0843
7.715025 2241.7794
8.053272 3144.0667
8.343266 4201.7885
8.614306 5509.9253
8.869237 7109.8557
9.110523 9050.0233
9.340304 11387.873
9.560448 14192.202
9.772582 17546.005
9.978128 21549.943
10.17833 26326.596
10.37429 32025.69
10.56696 38830.589
10.75719 46966.376
10.94571 56709.967
11.13317 68402.807
11.32015 82466.872
11.50716 99424.903
Cerro Negro Cold Lake Gach Sara Heavy Arabi Hondo Lloydminster
4.5 5.1 2.6 4.23 4.42 4.69
0.45 0.41 0.26 0.7 0.53
0.97 0 0 0 0.99
2 2 0.4 0.3 0.9 1.4
10.4 4.9 1.1 0.9 2.8 1.9
S wt %
N wt %
O wt %
Ni ppm*100
V ppm*100
aran Heavy Arabian Hondo Lloydminster Maya Peace River Tia Juana Zuata
(SG/SGn)^.5
Err:502
0.953885777
0.995417086
0.999406154
1.014321178
0.999864081
1.007494372
1.026820913
1.000211184
1.000039844
1.000256962
1.013398634
1.000272609
1.000138992
0.999947193
1.000181437
0.999891642
1.00024818
0.999809408
0.999801782
1.000133265
1.000129131
0.995734682
0.992104479
0.989178818
0.986590676
0.984401197
0.982446001
0.980695258
0.979220746
0.977806487
0.976625735
0.975483618
0.974461288
0.973549324
Maya Peace RiveTia Juana Zuata
4.42 7.02 3.17 4.17
0.52 0.63
1.09
0.8 1.3 1 1.6
4.1 4.1 7.6 8.2
S wt %
N wt %
O wt %
Ni ppm*100
V ppm*100
na Zuata
Petroleum Fractions
Input
Output
Input:
Output:
C Pseudo-Critical Temperature,
Pseudo-Critical Pressure,
Acentric Factor
Input:
Output
Paraffins 13
Naphthenes 12
Aromatics 10
Relative Permeability
and Capillary Pressure
Creates Relative Permeability Data and Capillary Pressure from initial water and residual oil saturation
Uses Corey's Correlation
Input:
Output:
Sw Kro Krw Pc
kPa
0.3 1 0
0.36 0.6992 0.0037 7.67
0.42 0.4605 0.0149 5.43
0.48 0.2789 0.0334 4.43
0.54 0.1488 0.0594 3.84
0.6 0.0642 0.0929 3.43
0.66 0.0179 0.1338 3.13
0.72 0.0011 0.1821 2.90
0.78 0.0000 0.2378 2.71
0.84 0.0000 0.3010 2.56
0.9 0.0000 0.3716 2.43
0.96 0.0000 0.4496 2.31
1.02 0.0000 0.5350 2.22
1.08 0.0000 0.6279 2.13
1.14 0.0000 0.7282 2.05
1.2 0.0000 0.8360 1.98
0.9
0.8
Kro, Krw
0.7
0.6
0.5
1
0.9
0.8
Kro, Krw 0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8
Water Saturation
Kro Krw
Input:
Output:
Total critical liquid saturation 0.43
1.0000
0.9000
0.8000
0.7000
0.6000
0.5000
0.4000
0.3000
0.2000
0.1000
0.0000
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Water Saturation
krw kro
Capillary Pressure-oil-water
120
Pc, kPa
100
80
Capillary Pressure-oil-water
120
80
60
40
20
0
0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1 1.1
Sw
Pc, kPa
Table Of Contents
bilty Curve
0.6 0.7 0.8 0.9 1
aturation
Krw
Recommend default 2
Recommend default 0.37
Recommend default 0.3
Recommend default 2
Recommend default 0.2
Recommend default 0.4
Recommend default 2
Recommend default 0.37
Recommend default 0.4
Recommend default 2
Recommend default 0.37
Sg krg krog Pc, kPa
0.05 0 0.268705 0
0.075 0.123439 0.253278 39.10663
0.1 0.187098 0.238007 #VALUE!
0.125 0.238629 0.222897 68.48291
0.15 0.283587 0.207956 79.41582
0.175 0.324215 0.193191 89.36334
0.2 0.361694 0.178613 98.7695
0.225 0.396743 0.164231 107.9326
0.25 0.429838 0.150055 117.0844
0.275 0.461314 0.1361 126.4302
0.3 0.491418 0.122379 136.1728
0.325 0.520339 0.108911 146.5342
0.35 0.548226 0.095715 157.7779
0.375 0.575197 0.082816 170.239
0.4 0.60135 0.070244 184.3707
0.425 0.626766 0.058038 200.8227
0.45 0.651513 0.046248 220.5851
0.475 0.675648 0.034941 245.28
0.5 0.699221 0.024221 277.8198
0.525 0.722276 0.014254 324.1553
0.55 0.74485 0.005387 399.1711
0.575 0.766977 #VALUE! 557.6269
Relative Permeability
0.9
0.8
0.7
0.6
0.5
0.4
0.3
0.2
0.1
0
0.9 1 1.1 0 0.1 0.2 0.3 0.4 0.5 0.6 0.7
Gas Saturation
krg krog
0.9 1 1.1
0.7
Cold Production
Based On J. Yuan, J. Weaver, B. Barr
10000
Relative Viscosity
1000
100
Relativ
1000
100
10
1
0.3 0.35 0.4 0.45 0.5 0.55
Porosity
Sand/Oil Slurries Table Of Contents
INPUT:
Well Name 10-03-19-08-w1
Test Number DST #1
Zone Name Bow Island
Interval , m 768.3-777.4m
Date Done Jan 24-1977
Tester Lynes
Type of Test Inflatable Straddle
OUTPUT:
Initial Reservoir Pressure kpag 6691.3
Reservoir Press end-of test kpag 6711.0
Transmissibility md m/mPa/s 5898.9
Capacity md x m 67.8
Permeability md 67.8
Apparent skin -5.5
Pressure Drop due to skin kpag -603.6
Damage Ratio 0.01
AOF e3 m3/d ( Mscf/d) 21769.30
AOF with damage removed e3 m3/d (Mscf/d) 131.47 4666 Mscf/d
Stabilized AOF with Damage e3 m3/d (Mscf/d) 329.75 11704 Mscf/d
Drainage Radius, m 908.4
Stabilized AOF No Damage e3 m3/d (Mscf/d) 91.98 3265 Mscf/d
Radius of Investigation , m 69.81
Percent Depletion -0.29%
Volumetrics Table of Contents
Input:
OOIP: OGIP:
Contour Interval 2 m
Peak Reading Above Highest Contour, m 0
Contours Planimeter Reading Planimeter Reading Planimeter Reading Average Planimeter Reading
0 130 130 130 130
2 110 110 110 110
4 83 83 83 83
6 70 70 70 70
8 44 44 44 44
10 37 37 37 37
12 16 16 16 16
14 11 11 11 11
16 0
18 0
20 0
22 0
24 0
Output:
A. Present Value
Input:
Output:
Input:
Output:
C. Rate of Return
Input:
ROR
$200,000
$150,000
NPV
$100,000
$50,000
$0
0 10 20 30 40 5
-$50,000
Percent
D. Percent Escalation
Input:
Output:
E. Working Interest
Definitions
Intangible Capital
Tangible Capital
Simple Example
percent
years
compounded annually
compounded semi-annually
per year
percent
years
per year
percent
years
at 5 percent interest
at 15 percent interest
at 20 percent interest
at 25 percent interest
at 30 percent interest
at 35 percent interest
at 65 percent interest
percent
ROR
20 30 40 50 60 70
Percent
Percent
years
months
Gross
Working Interest Percent Revenue ORRI Crown
$22,500
$21,094
$18,750
$18,038
$14,625
$13,163
$13,125
$12,863
$12,075
$11,550
Saskatchewan Royalties
Input:
SEM Calculated
SEM Heavy Oil
Date Heavy Oil Price Third Tier
$/m3 K
Problem 1
Problem 2
Plot monthly oil production rate on the
x-axis versus the crown royalty rate
on the y axis for a new heavy oil well
on production in July-2000.
Table of Contents
Sasketchewan's heavy
oil is classified as either:
a) third tier (drilled after 01-Jan-94)
b) new (drilled before 01-Jan-94)
There is no "old" category.
No 20.31
No 25.16
Yes 1000
Yes 100
No 5.33
No 25.21
No 18.71
Yes 308
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
No
Table Of Contents
Alberta Royalties
Bow River
LLB@Hardisty Heavy/Light Differential Koch Posting at Hardisty Edmonton Light NYMEX Natural AECO Spot Gas
Date WTI (US$/bbl) Exchange Rate vs WTI (US$/bbl) (Cdn $/bbl) LLB @ Hardisty (Cdn$/bbl) (Cdn$/bbl) at Edmonton(Cdn$/bbl) Gas (US$/MMBtu) (Cdn$/GJ)
Dec-99 26.09 1.4733 -6.18 8.30 29.24 30 38.30 2.17 3.15
Jan-00 27.01 1.4489 -5.67 6.83 30.92 32.04 38.87 2.34 2.98
Feb-00 29.30 1.4511 -5.04 5.51 35.11 36.34 41.85 2.58 2.89
Mar-00 29.89 1.4606 -5.64 6.27 35.41 37.09 43.36 2.56 3.13
Apr-00 25.54 1.4684 -5.74 5.58 29.04 30.74 36.32 2.93 3.59
May-00 28.81 1.4955 -5.66 5.64 34.58 36.59 42.23 3.11 3.84
Jun-00 31.53 1.4768 -6.05 6.00 37.55 39.76 45.76 4.24 4.61
Jul-00 29.72 1.4779 -6.45 6.81 34.30 36.33 43.14 4.54 5.24
Aug-00 31.14 1.4825 -6.50 6.86 36.40 38.76 45.62 3.75 4.65
Sep-00 33.87 1.4862 -8.02 9.18 38.42 41.34 50.52 4.51
Oct-00 32.93 1.5124 -32.93 18.40 31.93 50.33 6.46
Nov-00 34.26 1.5422 -34.26 21.77 31.12 52.89 7.20
Dec-00 28.40 1.5224 -28.40 21.43 21.82 43.25 11.81
Jan-01 29.26 1.5032 -29.26 18.45 25.58 44.03 10.48
Feb-01 29.64 1.5218 -29.64 17.79 26.72 44.51 7.84
Mar-01 27.27 1.5585 -27.27 15.07 26.20 41.27 7.33
Apr-01 27.62 1.5574 -27.62 15.53 26.51 42.04 7.33
May-01 28.68 1.5415 -28.68 16.12 26.91 43.03 5.58
Jun-01 27.58 1.5300 -27.58 16.00 26.20 42.20 4.44
Jul-01 26.47 1.5300 -26.47 11.19 29.28 40.47 3.35
Aug-01 27.55 1.5400 -27.55 5.71
Sep-01 29.65 1.5710 -29.65 16.50 26.53 43.03
Oct-01 22.21 0.00
Nov-01 19.67 0.00
Dec-01 19.33
Jan-02 19.67
Feb-02 20.74
Mar-02 24.42
Apr-02 26.27
May-02 27.02
Jun-02 25.52
Jul-02 26.95
Aug-02 28.38
Sep-02 29.67
Oct-02 28.85
Nov-02 26.27
Dec-02 29.42
Jan-03 32.94
Feb-03 35.87
Mar-03 33.55
Apr-03 28.25
May-03 28.14
Jun-03 30.72
Jul-03 30.76
Aug-03 31.59
Sep-03 28.29
Oct-03 30.33
Nov-03 31.1
Dec-03 32.11
Jan-04 34.24
Feb-04 34.74
Mar-04 36.51
Apr-04
May-04
Jun-04
Jul-04
Aug-04
Sep-04
Oct-04
Nov-04
Dec-04
Jan-05
Feb-05
Mar-05
Apr-05
May-05
Jun-05
Jul-05
Aug-05
Sep-05
Oct-05
Nov-05
Dec-05
Jan-06
Feb-06
Mar-06
Apr-06 69.44
May-06 70.84
Jun-06 70.95
Jul-06 74.41
Aug-06 73.04
Sep-06 63.8
Oct-06 58.89
Nov-06 59.08
Dec-06 61.96
Jan-07 54.51
Feb-07 59.28
Mar-07 60.44
Apr-07 63.98
May-07 63.45
Jun-07
Oil Price (Cdn$/bbl)
50
40
30
20
10
0
Jan-00
Feb-00
Mar-00
Jun-00
Jan-01
Feb-01
Apr-01
Jun-01
Jul-01
Dec-99
Apr-00
May-00
Jul-00
Aug-00
Sep-00
Oct-00
Nov-00
Dec-00
Mar-01
May-01
Aug-01
Sep-01
Oct-01
Nov-01
Dec-01
Date
Bow River at Hardisty
Oil Price (US$/bbl)
WTI (US$/bbl)
40
35
30
25
20
15
10
Date
Gas Price (Us$/MMBtu)
12.00
10.00
8.00
6.00
4.00
2.00
0.00
Date
OPEC & World Oil Production
OPEC
Saudi Arabia 8
Iran 4
Venezuela 3
Iraq 2.5
UAR 2.5
Nigeria 2.5
OPEC Crude Oil Produc
Kuwait 2
9
Indonesia 1.6
Libya 1.5
Algeria 8 1
6
Non-OPEC
57%
8
C r u d e O il P r o Non-OPEC Crude Oil Prod
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Country
Kuwait 29%
Venezuela 24% Heavy Oil / Bitumen Reser
Iraq 7%
Former Soviet Union 6%
US 5%
Mexico 5%
China 4%
Saudi Arabia 4%
Brazil 2%
Indonesia 2%
Neutral Zone 1%
Iran 1%
Canada 1%
Others 9% Canada
Iran Others
Country
Iraq UAR Nigeria Kuwait Indonesia Libya Algeria
Country
43%
OPEC Total
Non-OPEC Total
Country
Canada
Iran Others Kuwait
eutral Zone
donesia
Brazil
Soviet Union
Canada
Iran Others Kuwait
eutral Zone
donesia
Soviet Union
Brazil
Arabia Iraq
Venezuela
Algeria
Algeria
EC Total
-OPEC Total
Progressing Cavity Pumps (PCP's)
Definitions:
1) metallic rotor
2) elastomer stator
Eccentricity of rotor/stator 5 mm
Number of rotations per minute 150 rpm
Rotor Diameter 40 mm
Stator Pitch, Ps 40 mm
Leak rate per minute 0.01 ml/min
C. IPR Curve
Input:
Bubble Point Pressure 1825 psia
Reservoir Pressure 3620 psia
Bottomhole Flowing Pressure 1980 psia
Measured Oil Rate 108 b/d
Output
Productivity Index J 0.0659 b/d/psi
Oil Rate at Bubble Point 118.2 b/d/psi
Maximum Oil Rate 178.3 b/d
168.8 724
175.9 362
178.3 0
IPR
4000
3500
3000
2500
2000
1500
1000
500
0
0.0 20.0 40.0 60.0 80.0 100.0 120.0 140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0
Oil Rate b/d
Input
Output
Pump Rate 311.64 b/d
Table of Contents
140.0 160.0 180.0 200.0
Steam Distribution System
Input:
Output:
m
m
mm/mm per deg K
mm
kPa
kPa
m3/d
mm
deg C
mm/m
m
deg C
m
m
kPa
kPa/1000m
Minimum Miscibility Pressure and VAPEX
A. MMP
Based on Glaso's Correlations
JPT Dec 1985
Input:
Output:
Interpolation
Intercept = 24293.0392297206
Slope = -318.6849787521
Input:
Problem:
Input:
Output:
Input:
Reservoir Temperature 32
Molecular Weight C5+ 280
Volatile Oil fraction (C1+N2) 27.38
Intermediate fraction (C2,C3,C4,CO2,H2S) 7.47
Output:
CO2 MMP 12043
Input:
Reservoir Temperature 32
Bubble Point Pressure 10700
Output:
4) Based on PRI
Input:
Output:
MMP 7562
Input:
Output
D. VAPEX Calculations
For binary mixtures, liquid & gas compositions if given mole fractions
Input:
Reservoir Temperature 33
Operating Pressure 8500
Convergence Pressure at reservoir temperature 1500
Mole fraction component A 0.7
Mole fraction component B 0.3
K value component A at res. Temp 1.8
K value component B at res. Temp 0.46
Output:
Input:
Output:
Recall that the dew point is the pressure at a given temperature at which an all vapor system begins to condense
while the bubble point is that pressure at a given temperature where an all liquid system begins to vaporize.
Vapor Pressure
12000
10000
8000
Methane Ethane
6000
4000
Vapor Pressu
Vapor Pressure
12000
10000
8000
Methane Ethane
6000
4000
2000
0
-150 -100 -50 0 50
Temperature deg C
Input
Enter Temperature 20
Vapor Pressure Methane above critical point, single phase
Vapor Pressure Ethane 4091
Vapor Pressure Propane 981
Vapor Pressure Butane
Multicomponent System
Assume
Find the dewpoint of a gas: Convergence Press=2000 psi
Total 1
Total 1
Assume
Find the dewpoint of a gas: Convergence Press=1000 psi
Total 1
Assume
Convergence Press=800 psi
Find the dewpoint of a gas:
Total 1
Total
Puttagunta Constants:
C -3.002
b 5.081181246
S 3.5704134273
Bo 0.0322678939
d -0.0017686162
CH4
CO2
C2H6
Input:
Notes:
kg/kmol
kPa
kPa
kPa
deg C
no units
no units
kg/kmol
kPa
deg C
kg/kmol
percent
kPa
deg C
g/g-mol
mol %
mol %
kPa
deg C
kPa
kPa
deg C
kPa
deg C
no units
percent
percent
kPa
kPa -0.0119208662
deg C
kPa GPSA Fig 18-2
psia (check Res. Temp and binary mixture)
fraction Use correct Convergence Press for bin mixture
fraction
no units (GPSA)
no units (GPSA)
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
fraction
kPa at 33 deg C
kPa at 33 deg C
Sum
ressure
Ethane
Propane
ressure
Ethane
Propane
Butane
0 50 100 150
rature deg C
deg C
kPa Critical Temp Methane = -83 deg C
kPa Critical Temp Ethane = 32 deg C
kPa Critical Temp Propane = 97 deg C
kPa
Operating Press
1000 psi
K=0 deg F Y/K K=-20 deg F Y/K
4 0.001 4 0.001
2.3 0.398 2.25 0.407
0.46 0.124 0.45 0.127
0.17 0.096 0.15 0.109
0.081 0.036 0.07 0.041
0.06 0.052 0.048 0.065
0.025 0.048 0.018 0.067
Operating Press
800 psi
K=-20 deg F Y/K K=-40 deg F Y/K
2.8 0.025 2.7 0.026
1.5 0.611 1.6 0.573
0.56 0.021 0.48 0.025
0.24 0.005 0.14 0.008
0.1 0.014 0.08 0.018
0.075 0.003 0.06 0.003
0.05 0.006 0.035 0.009
Operating Press
800 psi
K=0 deg F Y/K K=-20 deg F Y/K
1.1 0.077 1.3 0.065
1.2 0.753 1.1 0.822
0.9 0.011 0.9 0.011
0.8 0.001 0.5 0.001
0.4 0.002 0.2 0.005
0.3 0.000 0.25 0.000
0.15 0.005 0.1 0.007
cp
Pressure kPa
Dewpoint Determination
9000
8000 f(x) = 21302.6111700543x^2 - 18265.9148901985x + 4427.9440824595
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
Pressure kPa
Dewpoint Determination
9000
8000 f(x) = 21302.6111700543x^2 - 18265.9148901985x + 4427.9440824595
7000
6000
5000
4000
3000
2000
1000
0
0.200 0.300 0.400 0.500 0.600 0.700 0.800 0.900 1.000 1.100
Za/Ka+Zb/Kb
Za/Ka +Zb/Kb P
x y x2 x3 x4 xy x2y
1.041 8500 1.083811758 1.12832 1.1746 8849.034 9212.40
0.888 5000 0.788012239 0.69952 0.6210 4438.503 3940.06
0.277 1000 0.076970677 0.02135 0.0059 277.4359 76.97
2.206 14500.000 1.949 1.849 1.802 13565.0 13229.4
Det 0.0051078
A 21302.611
B -18265.915
C 4427.9441
ZaKa+ZbKb P
x y x2 x3 x4 xy x2y
1.398 8500 1.954404 2.7 3.8 11883.0 16612.4
2.512 5000 6.310144 15.9 39.8 12560.0 31550.7
10.890 1000 118.5921 1291.5 14064.1 10890.0 118592.1
14.800 14500.000 126.857 1310.1 14107.7 35333.0 166755.3
Det 7848.1366
A 280.69852
B -4239.3624
C 13878.03
K=-40 deg F Y/K
3.9 0.001
2.1 0.436
0.325 0.176
0.12 0.136
0.042 0.069
0.035 0.089
0.012 0.100
(GPSA) 1.007
K=-40 deg F Y/K
3.9 0.031
2.1 0.414
0.325 0.031
0.12 0.003
0.042 0.007
0.035 0.000
0.012 0.017
(GPSA) 0.502
Input:
Output:
Input:
Output:
Physical Constants
Critical Critical
Compound Pressure, kPaa Density, kg/m3
Bitumen Properties
Capital Costs
Unamortized Balance Jan 1 $1,000,000.00
Capital addition $250,000.00
Total Capital $1,250,000.00
Amortization 30 percent
Injected Purchased
30000
750
1000
500
0
A. Radionuclide Half-Life
Measurements
Athabasca
Input: Cold Lake
Peace River
Molecular Weight 595 no units Wabasca
Specific Gravity 1.07 no units
Output:
Properties of Bitumens
Specific
Molecular Weight Gravity @ 15 deg C
595 1.075
533 1.024
527.5 1.05
446.5 1.007
Mining Table of Contents
Input:
Ore Grade 10 wt %
Output:
Input:
Output:
kW
e3 m3/d
Example: Minimum Catalyst for Metals Removal
What is the minimum catalyst consumption, based on metals removal, for a plant treating 50,000 bbl/day of raw bitumen?
Feed rate 50000 bbl/d
Density 14.6 API
or 968.5147 kg/m3
Feed rate 7699692 kg/d
Assume that the volume of metal sulfides can be approximated as V 2S3
Vanadium In 170 ppm
V out 23 ppm
Removal 147 ppm
(Ignore change in mass of oil through primary conversion stage)
Removal rate 1131.855 kg/d V
Mass V sulfide 2198.384 kg/d
Density of V2S3 4700 kg/m3 from CRC Handbook of Physics and Chemistry
Volume of V2S3 0.467741 m3/d
Assume that pores of spent catalyst are full of V sulfide (gives minimum catalyst needed)
US Dollar
Nov-71 0.9961152 1.0039
Dec-71 1.0007005 0.9993
Jan-72 0.9941346 1.0059
Feb-72 0.995322 1.0047
Mar-72 1.0015023 0.9985 0.8
Apr-72 1.0043186 0.9957
May-72 1.0112246 0.9889
Jun-72 1.020929 0.9795
Jul-72 1.0162602 0.984 0.6
Aug-72 1.0179153 0.9824
Sep-72 1.017294 0.983
Oct-72 1.0176046 0.9827
Nov-72 1.0127608 0.9874
0.4
Dec-72 1.0032103 0.9968
Jan-73 1.0007005 0.9993
Feb-73 1.0044194 0.9956
Mar-73 1.0033109 0.9967
0.2
Apr-73 0.9993005 1.0007
May-73 0.9992006 1.0008
Jun-73 1.0016026 0.9984
Jul-73 1.0005003 0.9995
0
Aug-73 0.9961152 1.0039
Jan-71 Jan-76 Jan-81 Jan-86 Jan-91
Sep-73 0.9917683 1.0083 Date
Oct-73 0.9989012 1.0011
Nov-73 1.0009008 0.9991
Dec-73 1.0006004 0.9994
Jan-74 1.0085729 0.9915
Feb-74 1.0239607 0.9766
Mar-74 1.0288066 0.972
Apr-74 1.0334849 0.9676
May-74 1.039177 0.9623
Jun-74 1.0347682 0.9664
Jul-74 1.0242753 0.9763
Aug-74 1.0205123 0.9799
Sep-74 1.0137875 0.9864
Oct-74 1.017294 0.983
Nov-74 1.0127608 0.9874
Dec-74 1.0119409 0.9882
Jan-75 1.0052272 0.9948
Feb-75 0.9996002 1.0004
Mar-75 0.9995002 1.0005
Apr-75 0.9891197 1.011
May-75 0.9721952 1.0286
Jun-75 0.974279 1.0264
Jul-75 0.9700262 1.0309
Aug-75 0.9658103 1.0354
Sep-75 0.974374 1.0263
Oct-75 0.9755146 1.0251
Nov-75 0.9862906 1.0139
Dec-75 0.9862906 1.0139
Jan-76 0.993542 1.0065
Feb-76 1.0065425 0.9935
Mar-76 1.0143017 0.9859
Apr-76 1.0166734 0.9836
May-76 1.0202 0.9802
Jun-76 1.0271159 0.9736
Jul-76 1.0285949 0.9722
Aug-76 1.0148163 0.9854
Sep-76 1.0255358 0.9751
Oct-76 1.0280662 0.9727
Nov-76 1.0143017 0.9859
Dec-76 0.9820289 1.0183
Jan-77 0.989805 1.0103
Feb-77 0.9728573 1.0279
Mar-77 0.9512033 1.0513
Apr-77 0.9510223 1.0515
May-77 0.9536525 1.0486
Jun-77 0.9454477 1.0577
Jul-77 0.9423294 1.0612
Aug-77 0.9302326 1.075
Sep-77 0.931706 1.0733
Oct-77 0.9100009 1.0989
Nov-77 0.9014694 1.1093
Dec-77 0.9113278 1.0973
Jan-78 0.9081003 1.1012
Feb-78 0.8984726 1.113
Mar-78 0.8882572 1.1258
Apr-78 0.8758868 1.1417
May-78 0.8939746 1.1186
Jun-78 0.8914245 1.1218
Jul-78 0.8892051 1.1246
Aug-78 0.8768853 1.1404
Sep-78 0.8573388 1.1664
Oct-78 0.8454515 1.1828
Nov-78 0.8524422 1.1731
Dec-78 0.8476013 1.1798
Jan-79 0.8404068 1.1899
Feb-79 0.8364001 1.1956
Mar-79 0.8518613 1.1739
Apr-79 0.8722959 1.1464
May-79 0.8653513 1.1556
Jun-79 0.8529512 1.1724
Jul-79 0.8591803 1.1639
Aug-79 0.8542628 1.1706
Sep-79 0.8581481 1.1653
Oct-79 0.8507742 1.1754
Nov-79 0.8476731 1.1797
Dec-79 0.8547009 1.17
Jan-80 0.8591065 1.164
Feb-80 0.8654262 1.1555
Mar-80 0.8524422 1.1731
Apr-80 0.8430992 1.1861
May-80 0.8517162 1.1741
Jun-80 0.8683571 1.1516
Jul-80 0.8678296 1.1523
Aug-80 0.8626639 1.1592
Sep-80 0.8585902 1.1647
Oct-80 0.8553588 1.1691
Nov-80 0.842886 1.1864
Dec-80 0.8355615 1.1968
Jan-81 0.8397011 1.1909
Feb-81 0.8344459 1.1984
Mar-81 0.8393487 1.1914
Apr-81 0.8396306 1.191
May-81 0.8326395 1.201
Jun-81 0.8304958 1.2041
Jul-81 0.8259684 1.2107
Aug-81 0.8175278 1.2232
Sep-81 0.8327781 1.2008
Oct-81 0.8313243 1.2029
Nov-81 0.8423181 1.1872
Dec-81 0.8438106 1.1851
Jan-82 0.8385041 1.1926
Feb-82 0.8237232 1.214
Mar-82 0.8193363 1.2205
Apr-82 0.8161933 1.2252
May-82 0.8106355 1.2336
Jun-82 0.7839448 1.2756
Jul-82 0.7874016 1.27
Aug-82 0.8030838 1.2452
Sep-82 0.8098477 1.2348
Oct-82 0.812942 1.2301
Nov-82 0.8155276 1.2262
Dec-82 0.8074283 1.2385
Jan-83 0.8138683 1.2287
Feb-83 0.8145312 1.2277
Mar-83 0.8154611 1.2263
Apr-83 0.811359 1.2325
May-83 0.8135373 1.2292
Jun-83 0.8114907 1.2323
Jul-83 0.8114907 1.2323
Aug-83 0.8105041 1.2338
Sep-83 0.8112932 1.2326
Oct-83 0.8116883 1.232
Nov-83 0.8086035 1.2367
Dec-83 0.8019889 1.2469
Jan-84 0.8010253 1.2484
Feb-84 0.8012821 1.248
Mar-84 0.7875876 1.2697
Apr-84 0.7814942 1.2796
May-84 0.7725587 1.2944
Jun-84 0.7668712 1.304
Jul-84 0.7554011 1.3238
Aug-84 0.7671653 1.3035
Sep-84 0.7607455 1.3145
Oct-84 0.7581501 1.319
Nov-84 0.7594168 1.3168
Dec-84 0.7575184 1.3201
Jan-85 0.755287 1.324
Feb-85 0.7381708 1.3547
Mar-85 0.7225434 1.384
Apr-85 0.7321716 1.3658
May-85 0.7269555 1.3756
Jun-85 0.731208 1.3676
Jul-85 0.7393169 1.3526
Aug-85 0.7366483 1.3575
Sep-85 0.7297672 1.3703
Oct-85 0.7316895 1.3667
Nov-85 0.7264802 1.3765
Dec-85 0.716589 1.3955
Jan-86 0.7107321 1.407
Feb-86 0.7120986 1.4043
Mar-86 0.7138268 1.4009
Apr-86 0.720513 1.3879
May-86 0.7269027 1.3757
Jun-86 0.7194762 1.3899
Jul-86 0.7242178 1.3808
Aug-86 0.7202017 1.3885
Sep-86 0.7208246 1.3873
Oct-86 0.7202017 1.3885
Nov-86 0.7213446 1.3863
Dec-86 0.7245852 1.3801
Jan-87 0.7349699 1.3606
Feb-87 0.7496252 1.334
Mar-87 0.7579203 1.3194
Apr-87 0.7580352 1.3192
May-87 0.7456566 1.3411
Jun-87 0.7469934 1.3387
Jul-87 0.7540341 1.3262
Aug-87 0.7543754 1.3256
Sep-87 0.760225 1.3154
Oct-87 0.7635336 1.3097
Nov-87 0.7594744 1.3167
Dec-87 0.7648184 1.3075
Jan-88 0.7779074 1.2855
Feb-88 0.7885192 1.2682
Mar-88 0.8005123 1.2492
Apr-88 0.80952 1.2353
May-88 0.8082114 1.2373
Jun-88 0.8212878 1.2176
Jul-88 0.8281573 1.2075
Aug-88 0.8171938 1.2237
Sep-88 0.8151952 1.2267
Oct-88 0.8295313 1.2055
Nov-88 0.8206138 1.2186
Dec-88 0.8359806 1.1962
Jan-89 0.8394191 1.1913
Feb-89 0.8409722 1.1891
Mar-89 0.8365401 1.1954
Apr-89 0.8411844 1.1888
May-89 0.8385744 1.1925
Jun-89 0.8343067 1.1986
Jul-89 0.8409722 1.1891
Aug-89 0.8504848 1.1758
Sep-89 0.8454515 1.1828
Oct-89 0.8511363 1.1749
Nov-89 0.8549201 1.1697
Dec-89 0.8611039 1.1613
Jan-90 0.8532423 1.172
Feb-90 0.835771 1.1965
Mar-90 0.8474576 1.18
Apr-90 0.8590327 1.1641
May-90 0.8512812 1.1747
Jun-90 0.8525149 1.173
Jul-90 0.8643042 1.157
Aug-90 0.873515 1.1448
Sep-90 0.8633342 1.1583
Oct-90 0.862069 1.16
Nov-90 0.8594757 1.1635
Dec-90 0.8618461 1.1603
Jan-91 0.8650519 1.156
Feb-91 0.8658758 1.1549
Mar-91 0.8641549 1.1572
Apr-91 0.8669267 1.1535
May-91 0.8696408 1.1499
Jun-91 0.8742023 1.1439
Jul-91 0.8700948 1.1493
Aug-91 0.8732099 1.1452
Sep-91 0.8795075 1.137
Oct-91 0.8866034 1.1279
Nov-91 0.8847992 1.1302
Dec-91 0.8720677 1.1467
Jan-92 0.8642295 1.1571
Feb-92 0.845666 1.1825
Mar-92 0.8383635 1.1928
Apr-92 0.8421762 1.1874
May-92 0.8339588 1.1991
Jun-92 0.8361204 1.196
Jul-92 0.8386448 1.1924
Aug-92 0.8398421 1.1907
Sep-92 0.8179959 1.2225
Oct-92 0.8030194 1.2453
Nov-92 0.7890169 1.2674
Dec-92 0.7858546 1.2725
Jan-93 0.7825338 1.2779
Feb-93 0.7935248 1.2602
Mar-93 0.8018603 1.2471
Apr-93 0.7923302 1.2621
May-93 0.7875256 1.2698
Jun-93 0.781922 1.2789
Jul-93 0.7800312 1.282
Aug-93 0.764526 1.308
Sep-93 0.7567159 1.3215
Oct-93 0.7539772 1.3263
Nov-93 0.7590709 1.3174
Dec-93 0.7514277 1.3308
Jan-94 0.7591285 1.3173
Feb-94 0.7449344 1.3424
Mar-94 0.7329229 1.3644
Apr-94 0.7230658 1.383
May-94 0.7242178 1.3808
Jun-94 0.7227522 1.3836
Jul-94 0.723275 1.3826
Aug-94 0.7255315 1.3783
Sep-94 0.7385524 1.354
Oct-94 0.7405762 1.3503
Nov-94 0.7327618 1.3647
Dec-94 0.7197869 1.3893
Jan-95 0.7076139 1.4132
Feb-95 0.7140307 1.4005
Mar-95 0.7103786 1.4077
Apr-95 0.7266386 1.3762
May-95 0.7348078 1.3609
Jun-95 0.7259528 1.3775
Jul-95 0.7346459 1.3612
Aug-95 0.7378985 1.3552
Sep-95 0.7402472 1.3509
Oct-95 0.7430525 1.3458
Nov-95 0.7388799 1.3534
Dec-95 0.7303002 1.3693
Jan-96 0.7315824 1.3669
Feb-96 0.727167 1.3752
Mar-96 0.7322789 1.3656
Apr-96 0.7357269 1.3592
May-96 0.7303002 1.3693
Jun-96 0.7321716 1.3658
Jul-96 0.7300869 1.3697
Aug-96 0.7287567 1.3722
Sep-96 0.7302468 1.3694
Oct-96 0.740302 1.3508
Nov-96 0.7473283 1.3381
Dec-96 0.7341066 1.3622
Jan-97 0.7410701 1.3494
Feb-97 0.7376807 1.3556
Mar-97 0.7285974 1.3725
Apr-97 0.7172572 1.3942
May-97 0.7244277 1.3804
Jun-97 0.7223868 1.3843
Jul-97 0.7259528 1.3775
Aug-97 0.7191658 1.3905
Sep-97 0.7208766 1.3872
Oct-97 0.7210325 1.3869
Nov-97 0.7078143 1.4128
Dec-97 0.7007217 1.4271
Jan-98 0.6940107 1.4409
Feb-98 0.697642 1.4334
Mar-98 0.7059156 1.4166
Apr-98 0.6993985 1.4298
May-98 0.6919458 1.4452
Jun-98 0.682361 1.4655
Jul-98 0.6725402 1.4869
Aug-98 0.6516356 1.5346
Sep-98 0.6571166 1.5218
Oct-98 0.6471654 1.5452
Nov-98 0.649182 1.5404
Dec-98 0.6479622 1.5433
Jan-99 0.6581545 1.5194
Feb-99 0.6676905 1.4977
Mar-99 0.6589352 1.5176
Apr-99 0.6719978 1.4881
May-99 0.6844159 1.4611
Jun-99 0.6805036 1.4695
Jul-99 0.6715917 1.489
Aug-99 0.6697027 1.4932
Sep-99 0.6770022 1.4771
Oct-99 0.6767731 1.4776
Nov-99 0.6814774 1.4674
Dec-99 0.6792555 1.4722
Jan-00 0.6903217 1.4486
Feb-00 0.6890849 1.4512
Mar-00 0.6845564 1.4608
Apr-00 0.6807815 1.4689
May-00 0.6685833 1.4957
Jun-00 0.6770481 1.477
Jul-00 0.6766816 1.4778
Aug-00 0.6743998 1.4828
Sep-00 0.6727664 1.4864
Oct-00 0.661157 1.5125
Nov-00 0.6482562 1.5426
Dec-00 0.6570734 1.5219
Jan-01 0.6652475 1.5032
Feb-01 0.6572029 1.5216
Mar-01 0.6415603 1.5587
Apr-01 0.6419309 1.5578
May-01 0.6488872 1.5411
Jun-01 0.6559528 1.5245
Jul-01 0.6532532 1.5308
Aug-01 0.6493928 1.5399
Sep-01 0.6377958 1.5679
Oct-01 0.6362537 1.5717
Nov-01 0.6280618 1.5922
Dec-01 0.6333924 1.5788
Jan-02 0.6251172 1.5997
Feb-02 0.6264094 1.5964
Mar-02 0.6298419 1.5877
Apr-02 0.6323111 1.5815
May-02 0.6450781 1.5502
Jun-02 0.6528267 1.5318
Jul-02 0.6469979 1.5456
Aug-02 0.6371862 1.5694
Sep-02 0.6344775 1.5761
Oct-02 0.6337136 1.578
Nov-02 0.6363347 1.5715
Dec-02 0.6413545 1.5592
Jan-03 0.6487609 1.5414
Feb-03 0.6613319 1.5121
Mar-03 0.6774609 1.4761
Apr-03 0.685777 1.4582
May-03 0.7401925 1.351
Jun-03 0.7393715 1.3525
Jul-03 0.7235366 1.3821
Aug-03 0.7161785 1.3963
Sep-03 0.7334605 1.3634
Oct-03 0.7565441 1.3218
Nov-03 0.7618467 1.3126
Dec-03 0.7617307 1.3128
Jan-04 0.7716049 1.296
Feb-04 0.7524454 1.329
Mar-04 0.752672 1.3286
Apr-04 0.7451565 1.342
May-04 0.7252158 1.3789
Jun-04 0.7364855 1.3578
Jul-04 0.7561437 1.3225
Aug-04 0.7617887 1.3127
Sep-04 0.7763372 1.2881
Oct-04
Nov-04
Dec-04
Jan-05
Feb-05
Mar-05
Apr-05
May-05
ar Value Compared to US $
Author
Websites
www.acr-alberta.com/
http://www3.gov.ab.ca/env/index.html
www.arc.ab.ca
www.resdev.gov.ab.ca
aset.worldgate.com
www.api.org
www.apegga.org
www.petroleumplace.com
http://www.landman.ca/index2.html
www.capp.ca
www.choa.ab.ca
www.cnrl.com/
www.conrad.ab.ca/yildirim/
www.cspg.org
www.petsoc.org
www.dailyoilbulletin.com/
www.fe.doe.gov/
http://www.ercb.ca/portal/server.pt?
www.gastechnology.org
www.globeinvestor.com
www.hartenergy.com
www.hydrocarbononline.com
www.ifp.fr/
www.neb.gc.ca
www.nrcan-rncan.gc.ca
www.ornl.gov
www.oilandgasonline.com
www.ogj.pennnet.com/home.cfm
www.opec.org
www.pdvsa.com
www.ptac.org
www.ptrc.ca
http://www.gov.sk.ca/enermine/
www.src.sk.ca
http://www.sec.gov/
www.speca.org
www.spe.org
www.suncor.com
www.syncrude.com
www.landman.ca
www.unfccc.int/2860.php
www.worldoil.com/
http://www.eia.doe.gov/oil_gas/petroleum/info_glance/petroleum.html
Relevant Software
Software
@Risk
Accumap
Canadian PEEP 2000
Cashpot
Decline
Decpro
Earth Vision
Eclipse
Exodus
GCOMP
Geofluids
GeoScout
HYSIS
Imex and Gem
Landmark-Earthcube
OilWat
PANsystems
PC Pump
Portfolio
PRIZE
ResAssist
STARS
Therm
Value Navigator
Well Flo
Well Test
Wellview
Winprop
Relevant Products
Product
BOP's and wellheads
Buckets, Draglines, Shovels
Cogeneration Plant
Coiled Tubing
Compressors
Downhole Gauges
Downhole Oil-Water Separator
Oil - Water Separation
Pipeline Materials
Progressive Cavity Pumps
Progressive Cavity Pumps
Processing Equipment
Shovels, Trucks, Cats
Steam Generators
Sucker Rod Pumps
Trucks, Shovels, Loaders, Excavators
Tubular Goods
Wellheads
Site
www.asp.adelaide.edu.au
programs.bcit.ca/
www.mines.edu
www.tudelft.nl
www.pet.hw.ac.uk
www.ic.ac.uk
www.ite.tu-clausthal.de/index.html
www.keyanoc.ab.ca
www.kfupm.edu.sa/
www.msu.ru
www.eng.lsu.edu
www.engr.mun.ca
wildcat.pete.metu.edu.tr/
www.mtech.edu/petroleum
www.nait.ab.ca
www.nmt.edu/
www.ntnu.no
www.engr.psu.edu
www.sait.ca/
ekofisk.stanford.edu
www.his.no
aggieengineer.tamu.edu
www.coe.ttu.edu
www.fkkksa.utm.my/
www.uaf.edu
www.civil.ualberta.ca
www.bath.ac.uk/chem-eng/undergrad/
www.eng.ucalgary.ca/Chemical/
www.agl.uh.edu
www.ku.edu
www.unileoben.ac.at/
www.kfgi.uni-miskolc.hu/
www.coe.ou.edu
www.pitt.edu
www.uregina.ca/engg/
www.utexas.edu
www.ipt.ntnu.no/english/
www.utulsa.edu
www.science.uwaterloo.ca/earth/
wwweng.uwyo.edu/petroleum/
www.uaeu.ac.ae
www.wvu.edu
Problem Sets
Problem Set #1
Problem Set #2
Table of Contents
Title
AOSTRA a 15 Year Portfolio of Achievement
Petroleum Reservoir Simulations: A Basic Approach
Reservoir Engineering Handbook
Thermal Methods of Oil Recovery
Thermal Recovery of Oil and Bitumen
Horizontal Wells for the Recovery of Oil, Gas and Bitumen
Canadian Heavy Oil Association Reservoir Handbook
Progressing Cavity Pumps
Well Production Practical Handbook
Determination of Oil and Gas Reserves
Journal of Canadian Petroleum Technology
Practice of Reservoir Engineering
Steamflood Reservoir Management
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Enhanced Oil Recovery
Seventh UNITAR Conference on Heavy Crude and Tar Sands, China
Exploration for Heavy Crude Oil and Natural Bitumen
Nickle's Daily Oil Bulletin
Thermal Recovery
International Heavy Oil Symposium Calgary June 19-21, 1995
Thermal Recovery, Bakersfield
Reservoir Evaluation and Engineering
International Thermal Operations & Heavy Oil Calgary Nov 2002
Heavy Oil Symposium Margarita Islands Venezuela
Journal of Petroleum Technology
Heavy Oil and Bitumen Recovery
Title
Vendor
Palisade
IHS Energy
Geoquest-Schlumberger
Fekete
Geoquest-Schlumberger
Petrosoft
Dynamic Graphics
Geoquest-Schlumberger
Petrostudies
PHH Petroleum Consultants Ltd
Rakhit Petroleum Consulting
geoLogic
Hyprotech
Computer Modelling Group
Landmark Graphics
IHS Energy
Edinburgh Petroleum Services
CFER
Geoquest-Schlumberger
Alberta Research Council
Epic Consulting Services Ltd
Computer Modelling Group
Smedvig Technologies
Energy Navigator
Neotech
Fekete
Pelleton
Computer Modelling Group
Vendor
Cooper Cameron
P&H Mining
Foster Wheeler
BJ Services Company Canada
Propak
Promore
Weatherford
Corlac
Prudential Steel
Weatherford
Baker Hughes
Natco Canada
Caterpillar
Babcock and Wilcox
Lufkin Industries
Hitachi Construction Machinery Canada Limited
Fedmet (Russel Metals)
Stream-Flo
Location
Australian School of Petroleum
British Columbia Institute of Technology
Colorado School of Mines
Delft University of Technology
Heriot Watt University - Edinburgh
Imperial College London
Institut fuer Erdoel und Erdgas - Clausthal, Germany
Keyano College
King Fahd University Saudi Arabia
Lomonsov Moscow State University
Louisana State University-Baton Rouge
Memorial University of Newfoundland
Middle East Technical University- Ankara
Montana Tech
NAIT
New Mexico Tech
Norwegian University of Science and technology
Penn State University-University Park
SAIT
Stanford University
Stavanger University
Texas A & M University-College Station
Texas Tech University- Lubbock
Universiti Teknologi Malaysia
University of Alaska- Fairbanks
University of Alberta
University Of Bath
University of Calgary
University of Houston
University of Kansas
Universitat Leoben, Austria
University of Miskolc, Hungary
University of Oklahoma
University of Pittsburgh
University of Regina
University of Texas-Austin
University of Trondheim, Norway
University of Tulsa
University of Waterloo
University of Wyoming
United Arab Emirates University
West Virginia University
Worksheet Numbers
0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 7,14, 16, 17, 20, 22,24,25, 42
6, 9, 10, 11, 12, 13, 15,19, 21, plus steam generator problem
Publisher Year
Description
Description
MonteCarlo Simulations for Reserves
Production, Log/Core Data for W. Canada
US, Western Canadian Full Cycle Economics
Simplified Economic Analysis
Reserve Calculations
Reserve Calculations
3D Seismic Modelling
Thermal Reservoir Simulation
Thermal, ASP Reservoir Models
EOR ASP Simulations
Oil, gas & water chemistry analysis
Well information System
EOR Calculations
Black Oil and Compositional Modeling
3d Seismic Modelling
Oil Material Balance
Well Testing Analysis
Optimize Progressive Cavity Pumps
Reserve Tracking
EOR Screening
Streamflow Waterfloods
Thermal Reservoir Simulation
Thermal Reservoir Simulation
Reserves
Well Flow Modelling
Horizontal/Vertical Well Test Analysis
Drilling+Completions+schematics
Equation of State
Description
Wellhead Equipment
Mining Equipment
Build and Operate Steam Cogen Unit
Drilling, Fracturing
Facility Construction
High Temperature Gauges
Separates oil,water,sand downhole
Skuds
Pipe, Welding
Surface, Electric drive PCPs
Centrilift ESPCP, DHOWS
Separators, Heaters, Treaters, Amine Units
Oil Sands Mining Equipment
Power and Steam Generation
Beam Pumps and various pumping units
Mining Equipment
Tubing, Casing
Wellheads and Christmas Trees
Details
South Australia, Degree Petroleum Eng.
Diploma in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Geoscience
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum Engineering Degree
Diplom in Petroleum Technology
Mining and Heavy Construction
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Geology, research
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Diploma in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
BAPET Program
SUPRI, Heavy Oil Programs
Drilling, reservoir, Production technology
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Degree & Beyond in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum/Mining Engineering
Mining and Petroleum Engineering
Postgraduate EOR studies
Oil and Gas Degree
Petroleum and geophysics
CO2 Research
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Degree & Beyond in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
CO2 gelling, Petroleum engineering
Petroleum Systems Engineering
Degree & Beyond in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
PMRI, Degree Program
Degree in Petroleum Engineering
Petroleum
Drilling, Natural Gas Engineering
51. Cold_Pumping
C-FER'S PC PUMP
Step #1
Equation (5.1)
Design Pumping Rate
Qact = Required Fluid Rate (m3/day) 20 input variable
N = Volumetric Pumping Efficiency (%) 55 input variable
Step #2
Equation (5.2)
Required Pump Displacement
Step #2a
Viscosities of Liquid mixture
Cragoes method
Page 290
51. Cold_Pumping
Step #3
Equation (5.9)
Flow Regime
Step #4
Flow losses
Rod
Equation (5.10 & 5.11) Body
Well Depth (m) 830 input variable
Sucker Rod length (m) 7.6 input variable
Sucker Rod coupling length (m) 0.1016 input variable Rod
Number of Sucker rods 109 calculation Coupler
Q = Fluid Rate (m3/day) 20 carried forward 20
Page 291
51. Cold_Pumping
L = Flow Length equivalent (m) (rod body or coupler only) 818.90 calculation 11.10
U = Fluid viscosity (cp) 3932.22 carried forward 3932.22
P = Fluid Density (kg/m3) 975 carried forward 975
Dt = Tubing inside diameter (mm) 76 carried forward 76
Dr = Rod, coupling, Centralizer, Rod Guide outside diameter (mm) 25.4 carried forward 50.8
Step #5
Equation (5.6)
GAS HEAD
Pgas Density (kg/m3) 0.7 input value
H = Vertical Column Heigth (m) 650 input value
Equation (5.6a)
FLUID HEAD in ANNULUS
Pliquid Density (kg/m3) 975 carried forward
H = Vertical Column Heigth (m) 100 input value
Equation (5.6b)
FLUID HEAD in TUBING
Pliquid Density (kg/m3) 975 carried forward
H = Vertical Column Heigth (m) 830 carried forward
Page 292
51. Cold_Pumping
Equation (5.4)
PUMP INTAKE PRESSURE
PCHP = Casing Head Pressure (kPa) 250 input value
Pgas column (kPa) 4.46 carried forward
Pliquid Annulus column (kPa) 956.5 carried forward
Ptail Pressure loss auxilary components (kPa) 0 input value
Equation (5.5)
PUMP DISCHARGE PRESSURE
PTHP = Tubing Head Pressure (kPa) 2500 input value
Pliquid Tubing column (kPa) 7938.74 carried forward
Plosses Rod Body (kPa) 2600.98 carried forward Note: if then statement to choose laminar or turbulent flow
Plosses Coupler or Centalizer(kPa) 182.52 carried forward Note: if then statement to choose laminar or turbulent flow
Equation (5.3)
Pintake = Pump intake Pressure (kPa) 1210.9 carried forward
Pdischarge = Pump discharge Pressure (kPa) 13222.2 carried forward
Step #6
Page 293
51. Cold_Pumping
Equation (5.7)
Swept Rotor Angle
P = Stator Pitch Length (mm) 75 input value
e = Pump Eccentricity (mm) 13 input value
D = Nominal Rotor Diameter (mm) 50 input value
Equation (2.1)
Pump Displacement
P = Stator Pitch Length (mm) 75 carried forward
e = Pump Eccentricity (mm) 13 carried forward
D = Nominal Rotor Diameter (mm) 50 carried forward
Equation (5.8)
Cavity Flow Velocity
Q = Fluid Rate (m3/day) 20 carried forward
V = Pump Displacement (m3/day/RPM) 0.2808 carried forward
P = Stator Pitch Length (mm) 75 carried forward
e = Pump Eccentricity (mm) 13 carried forward
D = Nominal Rotor Diameter (mm) 50 carried forward
Equation (6.1)
Sand Settling Velocity
Dp = Sand Particle Size (mm) 0.25 input value
Ps = Sand Density (kg/m3) 2620 input value
Pf = Fluid Density (kg/m3) 975 carried forward
U = Fluid Viscosity (cp) 3932 carried forward
Page 294
51. Cold_Pumping
Equation (6.2)
Fluid Transport Velocity
Q = Fluid Rate (m3/day) 20 carried forward
Dt = Tubing inside diameter (mm) 76 carried forward
Dr = Rod outside diameter (mm) 25.4 carried forward
Step #7
Page 295
51. Cold_Pumping
Step #8
Page 296
51. Cold_Pumping
Step #9
Page 297
51. Cold_Pumping
Step #9 cont.
Combined Stress
Equation (5.20)
Lrod string = Rod String Axial Load (N) 113607.97 carried forward
Trodstring = Rod String Torque (N*M) 513.94 carried forward
Drod = Rod String Diameter (mm) 25.4 carried forward
Step #10
Standard Continuous
Equation (5.22 & 5.25) Rod Rod
Wr = Rod String Weight (kg/m) 4.4 input value 4
Lcs = Coupling Spacing (m) 7.6 input value
Theta = Hole Angle (o) 40 input value 40
Standard Continuous
Equation (5.23 & 5.26) Rod Rod
Lrodstring = Rod String Tension (N) 113607.97 carried forward 113607.97
Lcs = Coupling Spacing (m) 7.6 carried forward
Cwellbore = Wellbore Curvature (o/30m) 8 input value 8
Page 298
51. Cold_Pumping
Equation (5.27)
Fcontact = Net contact Loads (Standard Rods) (N) 4229.57 carried forward
Llb = Coupling/Rod Guide Load Bearing Length (mm) 101.6 input value
Step #11
Power Transmission
Equation (5.29)
Cr = Thrust Bearing Dynamic Load Rating (N) 408000 carried forward
Lpolishrod = Polish Rod Axial Load (N) 113607.97 carried forward
N = Polish Rod Rotational Speed (RPM) 120 carried forward
Page 299
51. Cold_Pumping
Step #12
Prime Movers
Equation (5.30)
Tpolishrod = Polish Rod Torque (N*m) 513.94 carried forward
N = Polish Rod Rotational Speed (RPM) 120 carried forward
Npt = Power Transmission System Efficiency (%) 97 input value
Ppmo = Required Prime Mover Power Output (kW) 6.66 calculation 8.92 hp
Equation (5.31)
f = Supply Frequency (Hz) 60 input value
p = Number of Poles 6 input value
Equation (5.32)
Iline = Line Current (A) 70 input value
V = Line-to-Line Voltage (V) 480 input value
Equation (5.33)
Papp = Apparent Motor Power (W) 58195 carried forward
pf = Motor Power Factor 0.85 input value
Equation (5.34)
Pact = Active Motor Power (kW) 49.5 carried forward
Page 300
51. Cold_Pumping
Step #13
Equation (5.35)
Iline = Line Current (A) 70 carried forward
V = Line-to-Line Voltage (V) 480 carried forward
Nmotor = Nominal Motor Efficiency (%) 92 carried forward
pf = Motor Power Factor 0.85 carried forward
Npt = Power Transmission System Efficiency (%) 97 input value
N = Polish Rod Rotational Speed (RPM) 120 carried forward
Page 301
51. Cold_Pumping
Page 302
51. Cold_Pumping
Page 303
Combustion Screening (in Oilfield Units)
Screening for Plover
Inputs
Ar = Air re 350 Input based on experience - light oil 150 - heavy oil up to 450 JPT Paper 97 - 100
AFR = air to 175 based on 11 cubic meters per kg (literature values range from 10.5 - 11.0)
(cubic m/kg x 35.31/2.2)
h = reservoi 25
Tres = rese 70
A = Area of 10
P = percent 0.55 Recommended by Moore and Mehta plus Ramey and Gates
1396 0
4188 1
8377 2
13961 3
19545 5
25130 6
30714 8
36299 9
41883 10
47468 12
53052 13
58636 14
64221 16
69805 17
75390 19
80974 20
86559 21
92143 23
97727 24
103312 25
108896 27
114481 28
120065 29
125650 31
131234 32
136818 34
142403 35
147987 36
153572 38
159156 39
164741 40
170325 42
175909 43
181494 45
187078 46
192663 47
198247 49
202490 50
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
0 0
DEEP CUT IN EFFECT "Y" OR "N" N
25-May-18
PLANT LIQUID EXTRACTION EFFICIENCY
SHALLOW CUT DEEP CUT
ETHANE 0% 0%
PROPANE 50% 75%
BUTANE 75% 97%
PENTANES PLUS 96% 99%
SULPHUR RECOVERY EFF 88% 99%
SULPHUR YIELD
SHRINKAGE PROGRAM
BASED ON INLET AND PRODUCT VOLUMES
SALES GAS E3M3 0 NOT APPLICABLE
kPa
RES PRES 17225
20670
24115
27560
31005
YIELD 34450
37895
BBLS/MMCF
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
#VALUE!
-----------------------
#VALUE!
0.00
3.02%
#VALUE! #VALUE!
S CRITICAL PROPERTY DETERMINATION
557 SG = 0.711
CALC "Z"
1 Yes, for densities greater than 1.076 g/cc. API water =10 3
4 Enbridge specs 2
Cold Lake dead oil viscosity at 30 deg C is 6632 cp
Strachen condensate viscosity is 0.528 cs
Thus need 0.1035 mole fraction condensate
5b Pb = 1598 kPa 1
5c Bo = 1.016 m3/m3 1
7 Increasing S decr H 1
16 Waterflood Diagram 9
Bo = 1.018
Bg = 0.0185
Bw = 0.998
Rs=10 m3/m3
13-1 229.55 m3/mo
15-1 321.45 m3/mon
5-1 281.3 m3/mo
7-1 560.25 m3/mo
17 BHP 4
18 API = 0.9465 g/cc
Den water = 0.9973 g/cc
Year 1 Datum Pressure = 4356 kPa
Year 2 Datum Pressure 3759 kPa
Delta P = 597 kPa
20 Reserves 5
40 acres = 16.187 Ha
3 b/d = 0.4767 m3/d
Bo=1.02
Reserves = 27,232 m3
Exp well Life 24 years
Hyperb well life 37 years
Harm well life 49 years
Diagram
22 Horizontal well 2
7" casing = 177.8 mm
Length = 3460 m
42 MMP 2
C7 mol weight increase MMP N2
Methane incr decre MMP N2
Pset2
10 k = 2.59 W/mK 2
Hob =Hf = 2532 kJ/m3K
radius=3m
11 thick=20m 2
15 choke .442 in 2
steam distrb 10
alp 3.48 mm/m
L 968 m
L' 1139 m
D 150 mm
del p 2000 kPa
av p 14,000 kPa
del p* 4181 kPa/1000 m or 185 kPa per 1000 m at 7000 kPa
Fp 0.42
Fq 1.7
Q loss 0.06
Qwh 79.9%