Sets

This Practice Exercise “Sets” is taken from our:

ISBN : 9789386323781
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Practice Questions

Short Answer Questions (i) A = Set of letters in the word GOOD

1. Find the pairs of equal sets, if any give reason.
A = {0}, B = {x : x > 15 and x < 5}
C = {x : x – 5 = 0}, D = { x : x2 = 25}
E = {x : x is an integral positive root of the equation
x2 – 2x – 15 = 0}
2. Let V = {a, e, i, o, u} and B = {a, i, k, u}. Find
V – B and B – V
3. Let U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, A = {2, 3} and
B = {3, 4, 5}. Find A ', B ', A 'Ç B ', A È B and hence show
B = Set of letters in the word GOD
(ii) A = { x : x Î Z and x2 < 9}
B = { x : x is a multiple of 3 and – 3 £ x £ 3}
15. Given U = {x, x Î N, 11 < x < 22} is the universal set and
A = {x : x > 16} and B = {x : x < 17} are two subsets of U.
Then, list the elements of A and B.
16. Prove that for a null set f, the set P(P(P(f))) contains 4
elements.
17. If A and B be any two sets, then find the value of
A Ç (B È C) ?

that ( A È B )' = A 'Ç B ' 18. If n(A) = 12, n(B) = 8, n( A Ç B) = 4 , then find the value of

4. Show that ( A È B) = A Ç B implies A = B n( A È B ) ?

5. Write the following sets in roster form : 19. If A = {x Î C : x 2 = 1} and B = {x Î C : x 4 = 1},

(i) A = {x : x is an integer and –3 < x < 7} then evaluate A D B.
(ii) B = {x : x is a natural number less than 6} 20. If A × B = { (5, 5), (5, 6), (5, 7), (8, 6), (8, 7), (8, 5)}, then find
(iii) C = {x : x is a two-digit natural number such that the the value A.
sum of its digits is 8} 21. Let X be the universal set for sets A and B. If n(A) =200,
(iv) D = {x : x is a prime number which is divisor of 60} n(B) = 300 and n( A Ç B ) = 100 , Then n( A 'Ç B ') is equal
(v) E = The set of all letters in the word TRIGONOMETRY to 300. Determine the value of n(X).
(vi) F = The set of all letters in the word BETTER. 22. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number
6. Write the following sets in the set-builder form: of subsets of the first set is 56 more than the total number
of subsets of the second set. Find the values of m and n.
(i) {3, 6, 9, 12}
(ii) {2, 4, 8, 16, 32} 23. If aN = {ax : x Î N} Describe the set 3 N Ç 7 N .
(iii) {5, 25, 125, 625} Long Answer Questions
(iv) {2, 4, 6, .....}
1. There are 200 individuals with a skin disorder, 120 had
(v) {1, 4, 9, ......, 100}
been exposed to the Chemical C1, 50 to Chemical C2 and
7. How many elements has P(A), if A = f ? 30 to both the Chemicals C1 and C2, Find the number of
8. Write the following intervals in set-builder form: individuals exposed to
(i) (–3, 0) (ii) [6, 12] (i) Chemical C1 but not Chemical C2
(iii) (6, 12] (iv) [–23, 5) (ii) Chemical C2 but not Chemical C1
9. What universal set(s) would you propose for each of the (iii) Chemical C1 or Chemical C2
following 2. A college awarded 38 medals in football, 15 in basketball
(i) The set of right triangles and 20 in cricket. If these medals went to a total of 58 men
(ii) The set of isosceles triangles. and only 3 men got medals in all the three sports, how
many recieved medals in exactly two of the three sports?
10. Let A = {a, b}, B = {a, b, c}. Is A Ì B ? What is A È B ?
3. Which of the following sets are finite or infinite?
11. If R is the set of real numbers and Q is the set of rational
(i) The set of months of a year
numbers, then what is R – Q?
(ii) {1, 2, 3, .........}
12. In a group of 400 people, each people speak in at least one
of the language Hindi or English. 250 can speak Hindi and (iii) {1, 2, 3, .......99, 100}
200 can speak English. How many people can speak both (iv) The set of positive integers greater than 100
Hindi and English? (v) The set of prime numbers less than 99
13. In a group of 70 people, 37 like coffee, 52 like tea and each 4. Are the following pair of sets equal? Give reasons.
person likes at least one of the two drinks. How many (i) A = {2, 3},
people like both coffee and tea? B = {x : x is solution of x2 + 5x + 6 = 0}
14. Which of the following pairs of sets are equal? Justify (ii) A = {x : x is a letter in the word FOLLOW}
your answer B = {y : y is a letter in the word WOLF}
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5. If A = {1, 2, 3, 4}, B = {3, 4, 5, 6}, C = {5, 6, 7, 8} and (iii) {x : x ÎZ , x < 0}
D = {7, 8, 9, 10}; find (iv) {x : x ÎN, x > 100}
(i) A È B (ii) A È C (v) {x : x ÎQ, 3 < x < 4}
(iii) B È C (iv) B È D (vi) {1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, 1, 2, 3, ........}
(v) A È B È C (vi) A È B È D 13. Let A= {a, b, c, d, e}, B = {a, c, e, g} and
(vii) B È C È D C = {b, e, f, a} Verify the following identities:
6. If A = {3, 5, 7, 9, 11}, B = {7, 9, 11, 13}, C = {11, 13, 15} and (i) A Ç ( B - C ) = ( A Ç B) - ( A Ç C )
D = {15, 17} ; find
(ii) A – ( B È C ) = ( A - B) Ç ( A - C )
(i) AÇ B (ii) BÇC
(iii) A Ç C Ç D (iv) A Ç C (iii) A – ( B Ç C ) = ( A - B ) È ( A - C )

(v) (vi) A Ç (B È C) 14. If A = {1, 2, 4}, B = {2, 4, 5}, C = {2, 5}, then determine the
BÇD
value of (A – C) × (B – C)
(vii) A Ç D (viii) A Ç (B È D)
15. Evaluate ( A È B È C ) Ç ( A Ç B 'Ç C ')'Ç C ' .
(ix) (A Ç B) Ç (B È C) 16. Suppose A1, A2, ...........A30 are thirty sets B each with five
elements and B1, B2, ..... Bn are n set each with three
(x) (A È D) Ç (B È C)
30 n
7. If U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9}, A = {2, 4, 6, 8} and elements, let È Ai = È B j . Assume that each element of
B = {2, 3, 5, 7}. Verify that i =1 j =1
S belong to exactly 10 of the Ai’s and exactly 9 to Bj. Find
(i) (A È B) ' = A 'Ç B'
the value of n.
(ii) (A Ç B) ' = A 'È B'
17. If A = {q : 2cos 2 q + sin q £ 2} and
8. Draw the appropriate Venn diagram for each of the following
ì p 3p ü
(i) (A È B) ' (ii) A 'Ç B' B = íq : £ q £ ý then evaluate A Ç B .
î 2 2þ
(iii) (A Ç B) ' (iv) A' È B'
18. Find the value of A Ç B . If
9. In a group of 65 people, each people like at least one of 1
cricket and tennis, 40 like cricket, 10 like both cricket and A = {( x, y ) : y = ,0 ¹ x Î R} and
x
tennis. How many like tennis only and not cricket ? How
many like tennis? B = {( x, y ) : y = - x, x Î R}
10. Describe the following sets in roster form : (i) 19. A survey shows that 63% of the Americans like cheese
A = {x : x Î N, 24 < x £ 30} where as 76% like apples. If x % of the Americans like both
(ii) B = { x : x Î Z+, x < 7} cheese and apples then determine the value of x.
(iii) C = {x : x Î N, x is a factor of 48} 20. The set S and E are defined as given below :
S : {(x, y) : | x –3 | < 1 and | y – 3| < 1};
(iv) D = {x : x Î Z, –3 < x £ 4}
E : {(x, y) : 4x2 + 9y2 – 32x – 54 y + 109 £ 0}
(v) E = {x : x is a letter in the word
‘KOLKATA’} Show that S Ì E
11. Describe each of the following sets in set-builder form . 21. Given A = {2, 3}, B = {4, 5}, C= {5, 6}. Find the values of
(i) A = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7} (ii) A ´ ( B Ç C ) and A ´ ( B È C ).
B = { –6, –5, –4, –3, –2, –1, 0, 1}
4
ì2 3 4 ü 22. If A = {x : x = , y Î N } , then A belongs to which
(iii) C = í , , ,......ý y
î3 4 5 þ values.
(iv) D = { 3, – 3} 23. From 50 students taking examinations in subjects A, B and
(v) E = { Mars , Mercury } C, 37 passed A, 24 passed B and 43 passed C. At most 19
12. Separate finite and infinite sets among the following passed A and B at most 29 passed A and C and atmost 20
(i) Set of all points on the circumference of a circle passed B and C. Find the largest possible number that
could have passed all three examinations.
(ii) { x : x ÎW, x < 5000}
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HOTS/Exemplar/Value Based Questions

Very Short Answer Questions
1. Two finite sets have m and n elements. The total number of
subsets of the first set is 56 more than the total number of
subsets of the second set. Find the values of m and n
[Exemplar]
4. A survey shows that 63% of Delhites like cheese whereas
76% like butter. If x % of the Delhites like both cheese and
butter, then find the value of x [HOTS]
5. Let S = {x : x is positive multiple of 3 less than 100} and
P = {x : x is positive prime less than 20]

2. If A is the set of the divisors of the number 15, B is the set of (i) Find n (S) + n(P) (ii) Comment on the value of numbers.
prime numbers smaller than 10 and C is the set of even (Value Based)
numbers smaller than 9, then find the set representing Long Answer Questions
(A È C) Ç B. [Exemplar] 1. Let A, B and C be sets. Then show that
3. If A, B and C are three sets such that A Ç B = A Ç C and A È (BÇ C) = (AÈ B) Ç (AÈ C) [Exemplar]
A È B = A È C , then show that B = C. [Exemplar]
2. A college awarded 38 medals in Football, 15 in Basketball
Short Answer Questions and 20 in Cricket. If these medals went to a total of 58 men
1. If X = {4n – 3n – 1 / n Î N} and [Exemplar] and only three men got medals in all the three sports, then
Y = {9(n–1) / n Î N}, then show that XÈY find the number of persons who received medals in exactly
two of the three sports.
2. A market research group conducted a survey of
2000 consumers and reported that 1720 consumers like Explain the value of sports in life. [Value Based]
product P1 and 1450 consumers like product P2. What is 3. Each student in a class of 40, studies at least one of the
the least number that must have liked both the products? subjects English, Mathematics and Economics. 16 study
[HOTS] English, 22 Economics and 26 Mathematics, 5 study English
and Economics, 14 Mathematics and Economics and 2 study
3. (i) Show that the set of letters needed to spell
all the three subjects. Find the number of students who study
“CATARACT” and the set of letters needed to spell
English and Mathematics but not Economics.
“TRACT” are equal. (HOTS)
Comment on how to develop a good education system.
(ii) List all the subsets of the set {–1, 0, 1}.
[Value Based]
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CHAPTER TEST
Time : 30 min. Max. Marks : 25

Directions : (i) Attempt all questions

(ii) Question 1 to 5 carry 1 mark each.
(iii) Question 6 and 7 carry 4 marks each.
(iv) Question 8 and 9 carry 6 marks each.

1. Let A = {1,3,5,7,9} , B = {5,7,9, 11, 13}. Find the values of (i) A È B and A Ç B (ii) A – B

2. Let A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12} and B = {6, 8, 10}. Find the value of A Ç B and show that A Ç B = B
3. Let U = {1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7,8} , A = {2,3, 4,5,6} and B = {3, 6, 7, 8} then determine the value of (i) ( A È B )' (ii) ( A Ç B )'
4. Let A = {2, 3, 4}, U = {0, 2, 3, 4, 5} is the universal set.
(i) {0} Î A¢ (ii) {0} Ì A ' (iii) 0 Î A '
(iv) 0 Ì A ' which of the given statement is correct (give reason) ?
5. Draw venn diagram of
(i) ( A È B) Ç C (ii) ( A Ç B) È C
6. The combined membership of the mathematics Association and Science Club is 122. What is the membership of Science
club if 50 are known to be members of the mathematics association and 28 are members of both the organisations?
7. Given universal set = {x : x Î N and 3 £ x < 15},

A = {x : x £ 8} ,

B = {x : 7 < x £ 14} ,
C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and
D = {odd numbers less than 13}
(i) Describe C in relation to B (ii) Name the equivalent sets.
(iii) Name the sets which are disjoint. (iv) Describe the set {x : 8 < x < 15} with respect to set A.
8. A and B are two sets such that
n(A – B) = 14 + x. n (B – A) = 3x and n( A Ç B) = x.
(I) Illustrate the information by means of a Venn diagram.
(II) Calculate, given that n(A) = n(B)
(i) the numerical value of x

(ii) n( A È B)
9. There are 40 students in a chemistry class and 60 students in a physics class. Find the number of students which are either
in physics class or chemistry class in the following cases :
(i) the two classes meet at the same hour.
(ii) the two classes meet at different hours and 20 students are enrolled in both the subjects.
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Hints & Solutions

PRACTICE QUESTIONS (iii) {x : x = 5n, and n Î N and n £ 4 }

(iv) {x : x is an even natural number }
Short Answer Questions
(v) {x : x = n2, n Î N and n < 11}
1. We have A ¹ B, A ¹ C , A ¹ D, A ¹ E 7. If A = f, then by the definition of power set, we have
Q 0 Î A and 0 Ï B, C , D and E P(A) = P(f) = {f} [Q P(A) = 2n]
= a set containing one element.
Q B = f But none of the other set are empty..
8. (i) (–3, 0) = {x : x Î R , –3 < x < 0 }
\ B ¹ A, B ¹ C , B ¹ D and B ¹ E
(ii) [6, 12] = {x : x Î R , 6 £ x £ 12 }
Also C = {5} but -5 Î D . Hence C ¹ D . (iii) (6, 12] = {x : x Î R , 6 < x £ 12 }
Q E = {5}, C = E, D = {–5, 5} and E = {5} (iv) [–23, 5) = {x : x Î R , –23 £ x < 5 }
Hence, D ¹ E \ Equal sets are C and E. 9. The set of all the possible triangles is the universal set for
2. We have, V = {a, e, i, o, u} and B = {a, i, k, u} each of the given sets
\ V – B = {e, o} 10. Yes, A Ì B , because every element of A is also an elemetn
Q the element e, o belong to V but not to B of B, therefore. A is a subset of B i.e. A Ì B .
\ B – V = {k} A È B = {a, b} È {a, b, c} = {a, b, c}
Q the element k belong to B – V but not to
11. Since, set of real numbers contains a set of rational num-
V – B. Hence, V – B ¹ B –V.
bers and a set of irrational numbers
3. We have U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
\ R – Q = a set of irrational numbers.
A = {2, 3}, A ' = U - A = {1, 4,5,6} 12. Let H and E denote the sets of people who can speak
and U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}, B = {3, 4, 5} Hindi and English respectively
and B¢ = U – B = {1, 2, 6} Then, n (H) = 250, n (E) = 200, n( H È E ) = 400
\ A 'Ç B ' = {1,6} …(i) Now, n( H Ç E ) = n ( H ) + n( E ) - n ( H È E )
Also A È B = {2,3, 4,5} = 250 + 200 – 400 = 50
Thus, 50 people can speak both Hindi and English
( A È B )' = U - ( A È B ) = {1,6} … (ii)
13. Let C be the set of people who like coffee and T be the set
From (i) and (ii), A 'Ç B ' = ( A È B )' . Hence, proved. of people who like Tea. Then n(C È T ) = 70 , n(C) = 37,
4. Let a Î A then a Î A È B n(T) = 52
Q A È B = A Ç B , a Î A Ç B \ A Ì B and let b Î B , We know that
since A È B = A Ç B , n(C È T ) = n(C ) + n(T ) - n(C Ç T )
\ b ÎAÇ B 70 = 37 + 52 -n(C Ç T )
So, b Î A, \ B Ì A , Thus, A = B \ n(C Ç T ) = 89 – 70
5. (i) A = { –2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(ii) B = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5} Þ n(C Ç T ) = 19
(iii) C = {17, 26, 35, 44, 53, 62, 71, 80} \ 19 people like both coffee and Tea.
(iv) D = {2, 3, 5} 14. (i) Equal sets; (ii) A ¹ B
(v) E = {T, R, I, G, O, N, M, E, Y} 15. A = {17, 18, 19, 20, 21} , B = { 12, 13, 14, 15, 16}
(vi) F = {B, E, T, R} 17. Ans : f
6. (i) {x : x is a natural number multiple of 3 and x < 15 } Hints : A Ç ( A È B )' = A Ç ( A 'Ç B ')'
(ii) { x : x = 2n , n Î N and n < 6}
= ( A Ç A ') Ç B = f Ç B ' = f
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18. 16 \ n ( F È B È C ) = n ( F ) + n ( B ) + n (C )
19. {–i, i}
20. {5, 8} -n( F Ç B ) - n( F Ç C ) - n( B Ç C ) + n( F Ç B Ç C )
21. Ans : 700 Þ 58 = 38 + 15 +20
Hints : Use – [n( F Ç B ) + n( F Ç C ) + n( B Ç C )] + 3
n( A È B ) = n( A) + n( B ) - n( A Ç B ) and
\ n( F Ç B) + n( F Ç C ) + n( B Ç C ) = 18
n( A 'Ç B ') = n( A È B )' = n( X ) - n( A È B )
Let a denotes the no. of men who got medals in football
22. 6, 3 and basket ball. b denotes the number of men who got
23. Ans : 21N. medals in football and cricket, c denotes the number of
Hints : aN = {a, 2a, 3a, 4a, .........} men who got medals in basket ball and cricket and d
denotes the number of men who got medal in all the three.
\ 3N Ç 7 N
i.e., d = n ( F Ç B Ç C ) = 3
= {3, 6, 9, 12, 15, 18, 21,........} Ç {7, 14, 21, 28, 35,........}
= {21, 42, 63, ..............} = 21N = a – d + b – d + c – d = a + b + c – 3d
Long Answer Questions = 18 – 3 × 3 = 9
Hence, no. of people who got medals in exactly two of the
1. We have n(U) = 200, n(A) = 120, n(B) = 50, n( A Ç B ) = 30 three sports.
(i) We know that, 3. (i) The set of months of a year.
It is a finite set as there are 12 members of the set
n(A) = n(A – B) + n( A Ç B)
which are the months of the year
Þ n (A – B) = n(A) – n( A Ç B) (ii) {1, 2, 3, ...........}. It is an inifinte set since there are
infinite number of natural numbers
= 120 – 30 = 90
(iii) {1, 2, 3, ..............99, 100}. It is a finite set it contains,
n(A – B) = 90
first 100 natural numbers
i.e., the number of individual exposed to Chemical C1
(iv) The set of positive integers greater than 100. It is an
but not to Chemical C2 is 90
infinite set since there are infinite number of positive
(ii) We know that, integers viz : 101, 102, 103 ...............>100
n(B) = n(B – A) + n( A Ç B) (v) The set of prime numbers less than 99. This is a finite
set because the set is {2, 3, 5, 7, ........97}
or n (B – A) = n(B) – n( A Ç B) = 50 – 30 = 20 4. (i) Since x2 + 5x + 6 = 0
Th us, the number of individuals exposed to Þ (x + 2)(x + 3) = 0
chemical C2 but not to Chemical C1 is 20 Þ x = –2 or x = –3
(iii) The number of individuals exposed either to Solution set, B = {–2, –3} \ A ¹ B
chemical C1 or to chemical C2 \ No.
i.e. n( A È B ) = n( A) + n( B ) – n( A Ç B ) (ii) A = {x : x is a letter in the word FOLLOW}
= 120 + 50 – 30=140 = {F, O, L, W}
B = {y : y is a letter in the word WOLF }
2. We have B = {W, O, L, F}
U
F a–d B Since, every element of A is in B and every element of
d B is in A.
b–d c–d
Þ A=B \ Yes.
5. (i) A È B = {1, 2,3, 4} È {3, 4,5,6} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
C
(ii) A ÈC = {1, 2,3, 4} È {5,6,7,8} = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
n(F) = 38, n(B) = 15; n(C) = 20, (iii) B ÈC = {3, 4,5, 6} È {5, 6,7,8} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
n( F È B È C ) = 58 ; n( F Ç B Ç C ) = 3 (iv) B È D = {3, 4,5, 6} È {7,8,9,10} = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
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(v) A È B ÈC ={1, 2,3, 4} È {3, 4,5,6} È {5, 6, 7,8} \ ( A È D) Ç ( B È C )
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} È {5, 6, 7, 8} = {3,5, 7,9,11,15,17} Ç {7,9,11,13,15}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8}
= {7, 9,11,15}
(vi) A È B È D ={1, 2,3, 4} È {3,4,5,6} È {7,8,9,10}
7. (i) A È B = {2, 4,6,8} È {2,3,5, 7}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6} È {7, 8, 9, 10}
= {2, 3, 4,5, 6, 7,8}
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6,7, 8, 9, 10}
( A È B )' = {1, 2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9} - {2,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8}
(vii) B È C È D ={3, 4,5,6}È {5,6, 7,8} È {7,8,9,10}
= {1, 9}
={3, 4,5, 6,7,8} È {7,8,9,10}
A ' = {1,2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9} - {2, 4,6,8}
= {3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8, 9, 10}
= {1,3,5, 7, 9}
6. (i) A Ç B ={3,5,7,9,11} Ç {7,9,11,13}
= {7, 9, 11} B ' = {1,2,3, 4,5,6,7,8,9} - {2,3,5,7}

(ii) B Ç C ={7,9,11,13} Ç {11,13,15} = {1, 4, 6,8,9}

= {11, 13} A 'Ç B ' = {1,3,5,7,9} Ç {1, 4,6,8,9} = {1,9}

(iii) A Ç C Ç D = {3,5, 7,9,11} Ç{11, 13, 15}Ç {15, 17} \ ( A È B )' = A 'Ç B '

= {11}Ç {15,17} = f (ii) ( A Ç B ) = {2, 4,6,8} Ç {2,3,5,7} = {2}

( A Ç B )' = {1, 2,3,4,5,6,7,8,9} - {2}
(iv) A Ç C = {3,5,7,9,11} Ç {11, 13,15} = {11}
= {1,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9}
(v) B Ç D = {7,9,11,13} Ç {15,17} = f
A 'È B ' = {1,3,5,7,9} È {1,4,6,8,9}
(vi) A Ç ( B È C )
= {1,3, 4,5, 6, 7,8,9}
={3,5, 7, 9,11} Ç ({7, 9,11,13} È {11,13,15})
Hence, ( A Ç B )' = A 'È B '
= {3,5, 7, 9,11} Ç {7, 9,11,13,15} = {7, 9,11} 8. (i) Shaded region = ( A È B )'
(vii) A Ç D ={3,5,7,9,11} Ç {15,17} =f

(viii) A Ç ( B È D) ={3,5,7,9,11}
A B
Ç ({7,9,11,13} È {15,17}

={3,5, 7, 9,11} Ç {7,9,11,13,15,17}

= {7, 9,11} (ii) A 'Ç B ' = common shaded region

(ix) A Ç B = {3,5,7,9,11} Ç {7,9,11,13} = {7,9,11}

B È C = {7,9,11,13} È {11,13,15} = {7,9,11,13,15} A B

\ ( A Ç B ) Ç ( B È C ) = {7,9,11} Ç {7,9,11,13,15}

= {7, 9,11}

(x) A È D = {3,5,7,9,11} È {15,17} (iii) ( A Ç B )' = shaded region

= {3, 5, 7,9,11,15,17}

B È C = {7,9,11,13} È {11,13,15} A B

= {7,9,11,13,15}
 9
(iv) A¢ È B ¢ = shaded region 15. B ÇC '
16. Ans : 45
Hints :

A B 1 30 1
n( S ) = å
10 i =1
n ( Ai ) = (30 ´ 5) = 15 ;
10

1 n 1
n( S ) = å
9 j =1
n( B j ) Þ 15 = ( n ´ 3) = 45
9
9. Let C be the set of people who like cricket and T be the set
of people who like Tennis. Then
p 5p 3p ü
n(C È T ) = 65, n(C) = 40, n(C Ç T ) = 10 17. Ans : ìíq : £ q or p £ q £ ý
î 2 6 2þ
We know that
Hints :
n(C È T ) = n(C ) + n(T ) - n(C Ç T )
65 = 40 + n(T) – 10
1 1 p 5p
n(T) = 65 – 40 + 10 = 35 sinq ³ 0, sin q ³ Þ sin q ³ Þ £ q £
2 2 2 6
No. of people like tennis only
= n(T) – n(C Ç T) 1 3p
and sin q £ 0, sin q £ Þ sin q £ 0 Þ p £ q £
= 35 – 10 = 25 2 2
Number of people who like Tennis only and not cricket 18. f
= 25 and number of people who like tennis is 35.
19. 39 £ x £ 63
10. Ans : (i) A = {25, 26, 27, 28, 29, 30}
21. {(2, 5), (3, 5) and {(2, 4), (2, 5), (2, 6), (3, 4), (3, 5), (3, 6)}
(ii) B = {0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6}
(iii) C = {1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 16, 24, 48} 1
22. Ans : A Î1,
(iv) D = {–2, –1, 0, 1, 2, 3, 4 } 4
(v) E = { k, O, L, A , T}
Hints : In Roster form, the element of a set are actually Hints : 4 ¹ 0 for any y Î N
y
written down separated by commas and enclosed within
braces e.g., A, the set of odd natural numbers < 10 = {1, 3, 4
5, 7, 9} \0 Ï A ; 1= Î A , because, 4 Î N
4
11. Ans : (i) A = {x : x Î N , x < 8}
1 4
= Î A , because, 16 Î N ;
(ii) B = {x : x Î z , -6 £ x £ 1} 4 16

n 10 4 12 6 10
(iii) C = {x : x = , n Î N , n > 1} = Þ y= = ÏN \ ÏA
n +1 3 y 10 5 3
2 23. 14 students
(iv) D = {x : x Î z, x = 9}
HOTS/EXEMPLAR/VALUE BASED QUESTIONS
(v) E = {x : x is a planet whose name begins with M}
Hints : Set Builder form is the property satisfied by the Very Short Answer Questions
elements of the set. 1. Let A and B be such sets, i.e, n (A) = m and n (B) = n
e.g. A = {6, 7, 8, 9, 10, 11} = { x | x Î N, 5 < x < 12} So, number of subsets of A = 2m
12. (i) Finite (ii) Finite Number of subsets of B = 2n
(iii) Infinite (iv) Infinite According to the question,
(v) Infinite (vi) Finite 2m – 2n = 56
14. Ans :{(1, 4) (4, 4)} Þ 2n (2m – n – 1) = 56 = 23.7
Hints : (A – C = { 1, 4} and B – C = {4} Thus, n = 3 and 2m – n – 1 = 7
\ (A – C) × (B – C) = {(1, 4), (4, 4)} Þ n = 3 and m – n = 3
Hence, we get n = 3 and m = 6
10
2. A = {1, 3, 5, 15}, B = {2, 3, 5, 7} C = {2, 4, 6, 8 } 4. A = set of Delhites liking cheese
and B = set of Delhites liking butter
\ A È C = {1, 2,3, 4,5,6,8,15}
\ By the given data :
(A È C) Ç B = {2, 3, 5} n(A) = 63%, n(B) = 76%, n(A Ç B) = x%.
3. Let x Î A and x Î B Û x Î A È B Let total number of Delhites surveyed be 100
\ n(A) = 63, n(B) = 76, n(A Ç B) = x.
Û x ÎAÈC (Q A È B = A È C )
We have n(A È B) £ 100
Û x ÎC
\ B = C. Þ n(A) + n(B) - n(A Ç B) £ 100
Let x Î A and x Î B Û x Î A Ç B Þ 63 + 76 - x £ 100 Þ x ³ 39 ...(i)

Û x Î AÇC (Q A Ç B = A Ç C ) Also, A Ç B Í A implies n(A Ç B) £ n(A)

Û x ÎC Þ x £ 63 ...(ii)
\B = C Combining (i) and (ii), we get 39 £ x £ 63.
Short Answer Questions 5. (i) S = {3, 6, 9, ..., 99} Þ n (S) = 33
P = {2, 3, 5, 7, 11, 13, 17, 19} Þ n (P) = 8
1. 4n – 3n – 1 = (1 + 3)n – 3n –1
\ n(S) + n(P) = 33 + 8 = 41.
= [nC0 + nC1.3 + nC2.32 +......+nCn3n] – 3n – 1
(ii) Without numbers life is not possible. Use of numbers
= 9 [nC2 +nC3.3+....+nCn.3n–2]
can be observed in every field of human life i.e., studies,
\ 4n – 3n – 1 is a multiple of 9 for all n. business, banking, insurance etc.
\ X = {x : x is a multiple of 9} Long Answer Questions
Also, Y = {9 (n–1) : nÎN} = {All multiples of 9}
Clearly X ÌY. \ X È Y = Y 1. We first show that A È (BÇ C) Ì (AÈ B) Ç (AÈ C)
2. Let U be the set of all consumers who were questioned, Let x Î A È (BÇ C). Then
A be the set of consumers who liked product P1 and B be
x Î A or x Î B Ç C
the set of consumers who liked product P2.
It is given that n(U) = 2000, n(A) = 1720, n(B) = 1450, Þ x Î A or (x Î B and x Î C)
n(A È B) = n(A) + n(B) – n(A Ç B)
Þ (x Î A or x Î B) and (x Î A or x Î C)
= 1720 + 1450 – n(A Ç B)
= 3170 – n(A Ç B) Þ (x Î AÈ B) and (x Î AÈ C)
Since, A È B Í U Þ x Î (AÈ B) Ç (AÈ C)
\ n(A È B) £ n(U)
Thus, A È (BÇ C) Ì (AÈ B) Ç (AÈ C) ...(i)
Þ 3170 – n(A Ç B) £ 2000
Þ 3170 – 2000 £ n(A Ç B) Now, we will show that (AÈ B) Ç (A È C) Ì (A È C)
Þ n(A Ç B) ³ 1170 Let x Î (AÈ B) Ç (AÈ C)
Thus, the least value of n(A Ç B) is 1170.
Þ x Î A È B and x Î A È C
Hence, the least number of consumers who liked
both the products is 1170. Þ (x Î A or x Î B) and (x Î A or x ÎC)
3. (i) Set of letters in “CATARACT” = {C, A, T, R}
Þ x Î A or (x Î B and x Î C)
(Q Repeated letters are taken only once in set )
Set of letters in “TRACT” = {T, R, A, C} Þ x Î A or (x Î BÇ C)
Now set {C, A, T, R} = {T, R, A, C} Þ x Î A È (BÇ C)
(Q order of letters in set is immaterial)
Thus, (AÈ B) Ç (AÈ C) Ì AÈ (BÇ C) ...(ii)
(ii) Let A = {–1, 0, 1}
Subsets of A are f, {–1}, {0}, {1}, {–1, 0}, {–1, 1}, So, from (i) and (ii) we have
{0, 1} and {–1, 0, 1} A Ç (BÈ C) = (AÈ B) Ç (AÈ C)
 11
2. Let F, B, and C denote the set of men who received medals in 2. A = {2, 4, 6, 8, 10, 12}, B = {6, 8, 10}
Football, Basketball and Cricket respectively. Then
A Ç B = {2, 4,6,8,10,12} Ç {6,8,10}
n (F) = 38, n (B) = 15, n (C) = 20, n (F È B È C) = 58
= {6, 8, 10}
and n (F Ç B Ç C) = 3. Hence, A Ç B = B = {6,8,10}
Therefore, 3. U = {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}, A = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6},
n (F È B È C) = n (F) + n (B) + n (C) - n (F Ç B) B = {3, 6, 7, 8}
(i) A È B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} È {3, 6, 7, 8}
- n (F Ç C) - n (B Ç C) + n (F Ç B Ç C).
= {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
Hence, n (F Ç B) + n (F Ç C) + n (B Ç C) = 18.
( A È B )' = U - ( A È B)
Now the desired number
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8} – {2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8}
= n(F Ç B) + n(B Ç C) + n(F Ç C) - 3n(F Ç B Ç C) = 9
= {1}
Sports are an essential part of our life. Sports help us to
improve and maintain our fitness. Thus, sports prove to be (ii) A Ç B = {2, 3, 4, 5, 6} Ç {3, 6, 7, 8}
handy in building a better society, which is healthy and = {3, 6}
contributing to every aspect of a nation’s development.
( A Ç B )' = U - ( A Ç B) = {1, 2, 4, 5, 7, 8}
3. C stands for set of students taking economics
= {1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7,8} - {3, 6}
E C
a b c 4. A = {2, 3, 4}, U = {0, 2, 3, 4, 5}, A¢= U – A
g
e = {0, 2, 3, 4, 5} – {2, 3, 4} = {0, 5}
d
f (i) False {0} Ï A ' (ii) {0} Ì A ' is True
M
(iii) 0 Î A ' True (iv) 0 Ì A ' False
a + b + c + d + e + f + g = 40; a + b + d + g = 16
A BU
b + c + e + g = 22; d + e + f + g = 26
b + g = 5; e + g = 14; g = 2 5. (i) ( A È B) Ç C
Go by backward substitution C
e = 12, b = 3, d + f = 12, c + e = 17 Þ c = 5;
a + d = 11
a +d + f = 18 Þ f = 7 \ d = 12 – 7 = 5 A BU
A good education system is the one in which every student (ii) ( A Ç B) È C
has complete choice of what he/she wants to study in order
to have a bright career. Curriculum should involve subjects C
that teach students to face real-life situations in a better
way. It should be developed by laying stress on having an 6. Let M be the set of membership of mathematics association
all round development of personality. and S be the set of science association, then

CHAPTER TEST n( M È S ) = 122 , n(M) = 50,

1. A = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9}, B = {5, 7, 9, 11, 13} n( M Ç S ) = 28

(i) A È B = {1,3,5,7,9} È {5,7,9,11,13} We know that

= {1,3, 5, 7,9,11,13} n( M È S ) = n( M ) + n(S ) - n( M Ç S )

122 = 50 + n(S) – 28
A Ç B = {1,3,5,7,9} Ç {5,7,9,11,13}
122 – 22 = n(S)
= {5, 7,9} \ n(S) = 100
(ii) A – B = {1, 3, 5, 7, 9} – {5, 7, 9, 11, 13} Therefore the membership of science club is 100.
= {1, 3}
12
7. A = {x : x £ 8} , B = {x : 7 < x £ 14} , C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}, (i) x=7
D = {odd number less than 13} (ii) n( A È B ) = n( A) + n( B ) - n( A Ç B )
(i) C = B¢ = 14 + 2x + 4x – x = 14 + 5x
(ii) Equivalent sets are C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7} and D = {odd = 14 + 5 (7) = 14 + 35 = 49
numbers less than 13}
\ n( A È B ) = 49
(iii) Disjoint sets are B = {x : 7 < x £ 14} and C = {3, 4, 5, 6, 7}
9. Let A be the set of students in Chemistry class and B be
the set of students in physics class.
(iv) A = {x : x £ 8} , Given set It is given that
n (A) = 40 and n (B) = 60.
= {x : 8 < x < 15}
(i) If two classes meet at the same hour, then there will
Given set with respect to set A is A¢. not be a common student sitting in both the classes.
8. n(A – B) = 14 + x, n(B – A) = 3x & n( A Ç B ) = x Therefore,
n ( A Ç B) = 0
U
\ n ( A È B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) - n ( A Ç B)
A– B B –A
Þ n ( A È B ) = 40 + 60 - 0 = 100
(A B) (ii) If two classes meet at different timings then there can
be some students attending both the classes. It is
We know that given that the number of such students is 20 i.e.
n( A) = n( A - B ) + n( A Ç B ) n ( A Ç B ) = 20
= 14 + x + x = 14 + 2x
\ n ( A È B ) = n ( A) + n ( B ) - n ( A Ç B)
n( B) = n( B - A) + n( A Ç B ) = 3x + x = 4x
= 40 + 60 – 20 = 80.
Given that n (A) = n (B)
Þ 14 + 2x = 4x Þ 2x = 14 Þ x = 7