ACKNOWLEDGEMENT

It would not have been possible TO complete this project report u ithout the help of certain key people.
The authors would like to take this opportunity to thank the people who have been of immense help
during the course of the completion of this report.

We whole heartedly thank COL. G.P.KR1SHNAMURTHY supervisor of our project, for

going us this e^eemed opportunity lor working on this project with him and without whose
guidance this would have been a mammoth task. We would also like to thank him for
providing v aluable study materials. We also like to thank Dr. S.D. Pohckar faculty in
charge oi the ov erall course.

f Mr. Mahendra Masarn (Workshop Manager, T.M.l.) and Mr. Praknsh Dcshmukh (Senior j
Engineer Manager. T.M.l.) helping us in getting the core data by providing us with the l systems
manuals and also giving us their valuable time and knowledge whenever we needed ; Without
their help i, would be difficult to construe the project work with such authenticity.

We would also like ,o acknowledge the contribution of the LRC and its staff members for
providing us with reading material and information as required.

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 This project is aimed for the study of the Refrigeration Plant in TMI. In line with our aim we
need to start from the basics of Thermodynamics. So in the first chapter we tried to study on
to the basics of thermodynamics. That is to know about Thermodynamic System, what types
of system arc there (Open and Closed System), laws of thermodynamics etc.
Finishing basics lead to study on the Air Conditioning Plant in TMI. That is what type of
system is there and the working of the system. 3 types of system is present for Air
conditioning in TMI. Vapour Compression Refrigeration System, Vapour Absorption
Refrigeration System and the Room Air Conditioner System. Detailed study was done for
each system by studying their individual components. In this chapter we tried understanding
T-s diagram
Studying the system and its working lead to the study of the requirements of comfort Air-
Conditioning and also on to effects of radiation and in addition to it on to behaviour of
human body to different parameters and also on how to calculate the heat gain through a
wall or roof in addition to it the various elements contributing to the heat load in the room.
After the theory about the heat load, calculations were being done for individual room in
TMI which is being connected to centralised system of air conditioning plant, taking into
account the human load, equipment load (lighting, projector, computer load) and the heat
radiation load. This heat load value will be helpful in calculating the capacity of the cooling
coil required
Finishing with the heat load calculation, the supply that is Air handling unit is studied with
description of its major components and showing the cooling load calculation and also
calculating the volume flow rate required for each room. And then the values were being
compared with the given system and the calculated value. This helped us that the system
provided is of under capacity or over capacity that is the available system is sufficient
enough to meet up the load requirement of our institute or not.
After this, that is completion of the above steps we calculated the COP of the system and
also studied on the methods to improve the COP of the system. We studied various methods
to improve upon the COP of the system. That is how will the COP of the plant be effected by
changing the suction pressure, discharge pressure and the effect of sub-cooling on the
system.

And in the end the conclusion and some of the recommendations for the plant were
mentioned. The recommendations were based on the result of the cooling load requirement.

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 Contents

cknowledgement

•- VI
bv'ract
Contemn

iiri of figure-.
IV
U ;T of Tables

of Abbreviation

Chapter I - Basics

Chapter - Introduction

2 Air Conditioning Plant in TMI

(Stapler Heat Load Calculation (theory)

3 Chapter Calculations Air Handling Units

Calculation for Capacity of Cooling coil and Volume of Air required 86

4 Chapter
92
5 Chapter Calculation for COP of the system Methods to Improve the COP of the
103
6 Chapter system Conclusion and future Scope
107
7 (Chapter 116
8 Chapter

9 Chapter 117

10

Reference

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 List of Finn res

1
Fig i (Pc- n Explaining the open and closed system
j pig 2 (Pt>«) Vapour Compression Refrigeration System
| Ftn >. 4 {Pg i 0.1 ]) T-s diagram
i Fin 5 (Pg-i 2) Prime Mover
, F:u 6 (Pg- i 2) Compressor
■ Fit! 7 (Pii-13) Condenser
1
Fjc S (Pg-14) Expansion device
fiti c i Pg-14) Evaporator
F;g ] Oi Pg-i 6) Basic line diagram of VCRS in Tolani
•
Fin 11. 12(Pg-19.20) Layout of Vapour Absorption System (
j Fig 13 (Pg-21) Room Air Conditioner System
:
Fig 14 (Pg-28) Component of direct radiation normal to a
horizontal surface(Ih)
; Fig 15 (Pg-28) Component of direct radiation normal to a
vertical surface(Iv)
: Fin 16 (Pg-30) Explanation on Window Geometry
Fig 17(Pg-88) Blower fan
i Fig 18 (Pg-89) Cooling coil
j Fig 19 (Pg-91) Casing
j Fig 20 (Pg-106) T-s Diagram for calculation of COP
j Fig 21. 22 (Pg-108) T-s Diagram and Layout of Sub-cooling
system
Fig 23, 24(Pg-109,110) T-s Diagram and Layout of Multi- staging
system

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 List of Tables

J Table 1 (Pg-23) 1 leat load values at different lempurnhiie dm-,

to human
Table 2 (Pg-25)
U values depending on live material ot the wall
Table 3 fPc-26) U values for different Hours and ceilings
Table 4 (Pe-26) U values for different glass and window
Table 5 (Pg-29) Intensity of direct solar radiation with clear

|~Table 6 (Pg-31)
- _ __ _ 1
Ak.y..........................................

) _ . ... Constants for using different value ol radiation

Table 7 (Pg-31) Transmission Coefficient for glass for different
angle of incidence
Table cS (Pg-32) Percentage increase in solar radiation level for
different heights
Table 9 (Pg-103) Thermodynamic properties of R-22

Table 10 (Pg-103) Superheated properties with saturation

temperature of 34 deg C
Table 11 (Pg-104) Superheated properties with saturation
•

I temperature of 36 deg ('

(Table 12 (Pg-104) Superheated properties with saturation
temperature of 3K deg C
Table 13 (Pg-104) Superheated properties with saturation
temperature of 40 deg C

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 l ist nf Abbreviations

W- Work Done Heat Energy

Mean sol-air temperature
Q- effective area through which the transmission will take place
Ihc
t

STi
Effective heat energy transterred
A
Coefficient of heat transfer Intensity in ) K'v nt
Qm
U

I
A the absence ot an
constant anil is a apparent solar railiation in constant and
utmospheic
B
is an atmospheric correction factor Component Of direct
!h
tad,a. »
Iv
Q Component Of direct radiation nortnal to vcflieal

Mtrtacc Total transmitted solar radiation

A sun Sunlit area of the

glass
Atoi Total area of the glass j ransmitted sky

A|i,I radiation

R Amount by which window is recessed from the wall

X surface Length of shaded portion in \-axis l ength of

V shaded portion in > -axis 0.S5 (transmission coctTicient tor

direct rad.2s.on)
0 70 (transmission coetttcicnt tor >ky radiation)

1* f j'cclivc heat transferred through glass

Q,

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