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Dhaka Integrated Flood Protection Project Causes

- In Bangladesh, 3 large rivers, the Ganges, Meghna and Bramaputra, meet,


The project cost $100 million and used hard engineering methods to try to prevent increasing the flood risk.
flooding. - In the summer, heavy monsoon rain and snowmelt from the Himalayas increases
the amount of water going into the rivers.
- Storm drains were built throughout Dhaka and linked back to rivers
- Deforestation in Nepal and the Himalayas reduced interception, increasing
- Earth embankments were designed to hold back the water
surface runoff so water reaches the rivers more quickly
- Slope protection prevents the erosion of embankments, reducing the amount
- 70% of Bangladesh is less than 1m above sea level so water cannot drain.
of silt being deposited in rivers.
- In India, the Ganges has been diverted for irrigation so the deposition of silt
- Sluice gates were introduced to control the flow when water levels rise by
blocks the river and reducing its capacity.
closing the channels
- The increase in surface runoff means more soil is eroded which raises the
riverbed. Bramaputra is rising by 5cm /year

Flooding in an LEDC
Bangladesh Flood
Preparedness Programme 1998/2004 Effects

To try to reduce the impact of flooding in Bangladesh, Oxfam supported the 1998 flood
‘Preparedness Programme’. This included:
- Yearly river flooding is used for irrigation and is important for agriculture.
- Villages being raised 2m above the water level so that it is not affected by - In 1998, 60% of the country was covered in floodwater resulting in
floods. Each cluster village can shelter 25 to 30 families. hundreds of deaths and millions left homeless.
- Raised flood shelters where people can bring livestock, with room for 100 - Crops were destroyed/contaminated by polluted water meaning there was
to 300 families. Shelters are equipped with toilets, wells and areas for very little income for people in the affected areas.
farming. - Over 900 bridges and 15000 km of road were destroyed which would cost
- In areas most at risk from flooding there are rescue boats to rescue people, a lot of money to replace
livestock and belongings and to deliver aid when roads are inaccessible.
- Disaster preparedness committees were set up to create a plan in the 2004 flood
event of a flood and to help those affected.
- More than half of Dhaka, the capital city, was submerged by floodwater.
- Radios were distributed to each committee to communicate flood
When most of the water had drained away, nearly 2 months later, the city
warnings more quickly so people have time to get to flood shelters when
was covered with contaminated mud.
the warning is announced.
- 766 people were killed in the 2004 flood
- Clean water supplies are maintained in many villages through the use of
- Up to 1.5 women and children were at risk of malnutrition in the time
tube-wells. The pipe can be extended so that it is kept above the level of
following the flood.
floodwater and is not contaminated.
- Rice farms were damaged, resulting in a loss of jobs for those affected and
no means of income or food supplies.

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