1 0,15 M larutan dari asam HA (biru dan 4 Gambar molekuler berikut
hijau) terdisosiasi sebanyak 33%. menggambarkan larutan berair dari dua
Manakah dari gambar berikut pasangan asam-basa konjugasi: HA/A- mempresentasikan contoh setelah larutan dan HB/B-. Basa di pasangan pertama tersebut diencerkan dengan air? diwakili oleh bola merah dan basa di Jelaskan! pasangan kedua oleh bola hijau. Molekul pelarut dihilangkan untuk kejelasan. Manakah yang termasuk asam kuat? Basa Kuat? Jelaskan!
A B C
2 0,1 M larutan HX (biru dan hijau)
mempunyai pH = 2,88 dan 0,1 M larutan HY (biru dan orange) mempunyai pH 3.52. dari gambar berikut, pilihlah salah satu gambar terbaik yang 5 The beakers shown contain 0.300 L of mempresentasikan kesetimbangan aqueous solutions of a moderately weak campuran setalah eqimolar larutan HX acid HY. Each particle represents 0.010 dan Y- dicampurkan? Jelaskan! mol; solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. (a) The reaction in beaker A is at equilibrium. Calculate Q for B, C, and D to determine which, if any, is also at equilibrium. (b) For any not at A B C equilibrium, in which direction does the reaction proceed? (c) Does dilution 3 Dua gambar molekuler di bawah ini affect the extent of dissociation of a menggambarkan konsentrasi relatif dari weak acid? Explain. H3O+ (ungu) yang terdapat dalam larutan yang memiliki volume yang sama (dengan ion counter dan molekul pelarut yang dihilangkan untuk kejelasan. Jika pH pada gambar A adalah 4.8, berapakah A B C D pH pada gambar B? 6 The beakers below depict the aqueous dissociations of weak acids HA (blue and green) and HB (blue and yellow); solvent molecules are omitted for clarity. If the HA solution is 0.50 L, and the HB solution is 0.25 L, and each particle represents 0.010 mol, find the Ka of each acid. Which acid, if either, is A B stronger? 9 The scenes below depict solutions of the same HA-A- buffer (with counterions and water molecules omitted for clarity). (a) Which solution has the greatest buffer capacity? (b) Explain how the pH ranges of the buffers A B compare. (c) Which solution can react with the largest amount of added strong 7 The molecular scene depicts the relative acid? concentrations of H3O+ (purple) and OH- (green) in an aqueous solution at 250C. (Counter ions and solvent molecules are omitted for clarity.) (a) Calculate the pH. A B C D (b) How many H3O+ ions would you have 10 The scenes below depict the relative to draw for every OH- ion to depict a concentrations of H3PO4, H2PO4, and HPO42_ solution of pH 4? during a titration with aqueous NaOH, but they are out of order. (Phosphate groups are purple,hydrogens are blue, and Na _ ions and water molecules are not shown.) (a) List the scenes in the correct order. (b) What is the pH in the correctly ordered second scene (see Appendix C)? (c) If it requires 10.00 mL of the NaOH solution to reach this scene, how 8 The following scenes represent three much more is needed to reach the last scene? weak acids HA (where A = X, Y, or Z) dissolved in water (H2O is not shown):
(a) Rank the acids in order of increasing
Ka. (b) Rank the acids in order of increasing pKa. (c) Rank the conjugate bases in order of increasing pKb. (d) What is the percent dissociation of HX? (e) If equimolar amounts of the sodium salts of the acids (NaX, NaY, and NaZ) were dissolved in water, which solution would have the highest pOH? The lowest pH? 11 The beaker on the left below represents 13 The three flasks shown below depict the a buffer solution of a weak acid HA and titration of an aqueous NaOH solution its conjugate base, A-. (Water molecules with HCl at different points. One and spectator ions have been omitted represents the titration prior to the for clarity.) equivalence point, another represents a. Which beaker on the right, X or Y, the titration at the equivalence point, depicts the solution after the addition and the other represents the titration of two formula units of NaOH? past the equivalence point. (Sodium ions b. How many HCl molecules can be and solvent water molecules have been added to the original buffer solution omitted for clarity.) before the buffer capacity is exceeded? a. Write the balanced chemical equation c. Draw a picture of the solution where for the titration. the buffer capacity has been exceeded b. Label each of the beakers shown to by the addition of HCl. indicate which point in the titration they represent. c. For each solution, indicate whether you expect it to be acidic, basic, or neutral.
12 Which of the following beakers best
represents a container of a weak acid, HA, in water? (Water molecules have been omitted for clarity.)