MK.

METODOLOGI DESAIN
 Pragmatic Philosophy
Pragmatism:
“Doctrine that knowledge should be
used to act on things. An idea is
indeed true if it has a practical
efficiency”
Pragmatic Design
Humans developed,
among other skills, since
pre-historics times, the
skills most unique to be
a designer concerned
with spatial ability,
capacity for visualizing,
generating three
dimensional built forms,
interior spaces and the
spaces between the built
forms, with which they
built settlements all over
the earth in different and
difficult climatic
conditions and terrain.
Through
practical hand
on approach,
using whatever
material was
available, trial
and error process
and
discovery, living
in caves, using
flint for tools and
weapons they
developed more
than 40,000 years
ago, a pragmatic
approach to
design.
 Vernacular dwelling types are
a classic examples of Pragmatic Design
Oleh Broadbent , proses desain secara pragmatis ini
dipandang sebagai cara pertama yang dilakukan
manusia dalam menciptakan suatu karya arsitektural.

Sekalipun demikian metode pragmatis ini tetap

dipergunakan juga dimasa sekarang, khususnya dalam
kaitan dengan upaya pemanfaatan material-material
baru.Teknologi konstruksi yang baru juga sering
didasari pada proses pragmatis ini.
 Historical introduction

Before After Late 20th In the

19th 1800s Century Future
Century

Stone Steel & Glass Metallic Smart Materials

Surfaces

Click to add Click to add Click to add Click to add

text… … text… … text… … text… …
 Architectural design process

Architectural design is
“The method of organizing materials and forms
in a specific way to satisfy a definite purpose”.
Kurt Dietrich, (2008)
 Architectural design process

1 Materials

Texture 5
2 Colour
architectural
design
Space 6
elements 3 Line

Mass 7 4 Shape
 Architectural design process

1. 2. 3.

Form Material Selection Material Selection Form Material Selection & Form

Form is driven in the

Materials selection can The basic approach
first proposal by the
drive the design for designing, driven
architect. The materials
process selection. both form and
are then explored to
material together, is
realize the shape.
pure creativity and
intensive effort.
Architectural design process
Buckminster Fuller’s
‘Bucky Balls’ is a good
example shown in
figure.

Fuller developed
structures that
postulate the
possibility of unknown
elements.
 The role of materials in architecture
Technical functionality

Steel cable & Nylon membrane

High tensile steel cables with truss-like compression
members supporting a glass reinforced (PTFE)
room membranes. A rubberized nylon membrane
supported by internal pressure.
Functions of Material SelectionHistorical
in Buildingintroduction
Design

Symbolism

Appropriateness

Physical Properties

Technique
 Particular materials carry specific
Symbolism
connotations within cultures and regions
 Appropriateness

There are three primary areas that

must be evaluated in selecting
appropriate materials and assemblies.
1. Material Compatibility with Climatic,
Cultural, and Aesthetic Conditions
2. Applicability of Material to
Occupancy and Size of Building,
Including Durability, Structural, and
Fire Protection Requirements
3. Environmental Impact of Obtaining
Raw Materials, Processing and
Fabricating Building Materials,
Transportation Impact, and Recycling
Issues
 Physical
Properties
A number of physical properties must
be taken into account in the material
selection process.
1. Strength
2. Mass and
Thickness
3. Physical and Visual
Density
4. Texture
5. Color
6. Temperature
7. Pattern
 Technique includes the fabrication process, the detailing
of how materials and systems are joined and erected, and
Technique the craft employed to execute the work.
1. Fabrication
2. Detail
3. Craft
4. Weathering (pelapukan)
1.Fabrication
Fabrication refers to how a material was created, processed, and assembled. Fabrication techniques
range from handcrafted to mass produced to prefabricated. Materials carry traces of their making
and assembly that can be used to create surface modulation and richness
2. Detail
Construction details determine how individual material elements or systems are joined.
Construction details should relate to the overall architectural intentions of a building
3. Craft
The quality of design and construction workmanship is crucial to the success and longevity of a
project. The employment of well-trained and experienced trades people is the best way to assure a
high level of building craft
4. Weathering
The passing of time has an immense impact on the appearance and life span of building materials.
Thus, future weathering must be carefully considered during material selection, building detailing,
and construction.
Knowledge is Useful (berguna)
Knowledge is embodied (diwujudkan) in Models
Method is the continual corroboration of analogs
against in order to improve the correspondence of the
analog to emerging events

Metode adalah pembenaran terus-menerus terhadap

sebuah analog-analog (sesuatu yang
diperbandingkan) untuk memperbaiki persesuaian
analog dengan peristiwa yang muncul
Procedure is the utilization corroborated models to
govern intervention in actual situations

Prosedur adalah pemanfaatan model yang dikuatkan

untuk mengatur intervensi dalam situasi aktual
Truth is relative. Analogs are merely conventional
abstractions, which have no reality status. They are
used to produce tentatively substantiated
representations of observable events.

Kebenaran itu relatif. Analog hanyalah abstraksi

konvensional, yang tidak memiliki status realitas.
Mereka digunakan untuk menghasilkan representasi
tentatif dari peristiwa yang dapat diamati.
Beauty is the function of serviceability

Keindahan adalah fungsi servis

Meaning is derived from use

Arti (=makna) berasal dari penggunaan

Reality is perpetual change.
Prediction is simulation. For
every efect, there is a cause

Realitas adalah perubahan

terus-menerus. Prediksi
adalah simulasi. Untuk setiap
efek, ada penyebabnya
Predictive Modeling
1. Diagnose by identifying and defining the problem
2. Consider alternative courses of action
3. Select a course of actions
4. Evaluate the consequences of actions
5. Identity general findings

Pemodelan prediktif
1. Diagnosa dengan mengidentifikasi dan menentukan
masalahnya
2. Pertimbangkan tindakan alternatif lainnya
3. Pilih suatu tindakan
4. Evaluasi konsekuensi tindakan
5. Mengidentifikasi Temuan umum
CONCEPT OF BIOMIMETIC
APPROACHES TO BIOMIMICRY
There are two approaches to Biomimetic design
 APPROACHES TO BIOMIMICRY

The approach requires designers to identify problems and biologists to match these
to organisms that have solved similar issues.
DaimlerChrysler’s Bionic Car

• More fuel efficient due to aerodynamic body mimicking BOX FISH

• More material efficient due to mimicking tree growth patterns form structure.

• The car not new approach to transportation but improvement to existing technology
 APPROACHES TO BIOMIMICRY
The approach requires to have relevant biological or ecological knowledge and
research rather than design problem

Lotus inspired’s Lotusan Paint

• Lotus flower emerges clean from swampy waters.

• Lotusan paint enables buildings to be self cleaning.

• Biology can influence humans in ways outside predetermined design problem.

• This will result in previously unthought-of technologies or systems or approach to design solutions.
PRECEDENT ANALYSIS
 Name of Inspiratio Material Level of
Application in design Problem solved
building n s used Biomimicry
 The outward flares at base
 Can withstand
resemble the upper curved
bending and
portion of femur.
Exposed shearing effects due
1.Eiffel Tower Thigh bone  The internal wrought iron braces
iron to wind
closely follow design of original Organism level
 Ventilation problem
trabeculae within femur.
solved

Controls the amount of

Steel, sunlight entering the
2.L’institute Du glass & Cladded with screens with automated building, keeping it cool
Iris of eye Organism level
Monte Arabe Aluminiu lens to control light and flooding room with
m natural light.

The glass panel fixing that makes up Ability to move in

3.Waterloo
Steel & the structure mimic the flexible scale response to the imposed
International Pangolin Organism level
glass arrangement of Pangolin. air pressure forces when
Terminal trains enter and depart.
 The building is designed with a
unique ventilation system, which
draws outside air and cools or
warms it depending on Temperature remains
temperature. regulated all year around
4. Eastgate Termite  The central open space draws without using Behaviour
Concrete
Centre, Harare mound more air with help of fans and is conventional air- level
pushed up through ducts located conditioning or heating
in the central spine of the systems.
buildings,

Name of Inspiratio Material
Application in design
building n s used
“Cushion system” adopted where
5.Beijing façade is in-filled with translucent
Steel,
National Bird’s nest ETFE panels just like a nest is
ETFE
Stadium insulated by small pieces of
material.
 CH2 uses ventilation strategy
similar to termite mould
using natural convention,
ventilation stacks, thermal
mass, phase change material
and water for cooling
 The façade is composed of
dermis and epidermis, which
provides microclimate
6. Council Concrete,  Ventilation stacks are
Termite
House 2, recycled implemented on the north
mound
Melbourne timber and south facades of the
building
 The ceilings are wavy shaped
to optimise surface area to
increase thermal mass
capacity
 The west façade is covered
with system of timber louvers
to optimize the penetration of
natural light and views.
Level of
Problem solved Biomimicr
y
 Protects spectators from
elements
 Provides acoustic
insulation, Behaviour
 Reduces maintenance cost Level
 Reduces dead load,
 Filters sun rays
 The epidermis provides
primary sun and glare
control while creating a
semi-closed micro-
environment.
 The wavy design helps it
efficient collection and
channelling out of heated
Behaviour
air.
level
 The vaulted ceiling also
allow more filtration of
natural light to the deeper
parts of the space.
 Shower towers provide a
reduction of 4-13 degrees C
from the top of the tower to
the bottom.