PARKING OCCUPANCY STUDIES

Component of the parking demand determination in B6, UTHM were the occupancy studies
conducted over 5 areas of parking spaces. The observations were conducted hourly between 11:15
a.m. and 3:00 p.m. on Sunday, 4 March 2018.

 Study parking spaces 1 : 15 spaces

 Study parking spaces 2 : 13 spaces
 Study parking spaces 3 : 14 spaces
 Study parking spaces 4 : 14 spaces
 Study parking spaces 5 : 15 spaces

The graph below summarizes the occupancy results of the combined study areas of parking spaces.
The result show that at the time the maximum occupancy was observed in the staff parking at B6
FKAAS based on the one day (between 11:15 a.m. and 3:00 p.m. on Sunday, 4 March 2018) more
parking spaces were still available within the five parking study areas.

In this survey, the occupancy count in the selected parking spaces are taken at the beginning. Then,
the number of vehicles that enter the parking lot for a particular time interval is counted. The
number of vehicles that leave the parking spaces are also taken. The final occupancy in the parking
spaces were also taken. All vehicles are counted at the beginning of the survey. Then after a fixed
time interval that may between 15 minutes to 4 hours, the count is again taken.

The graph shows the consistency at the area study 1, although slight increase in occupancy at the
area studies 4 and 5 due to near the entrance and near the building. However, the lowest percentage
of parking occupancy at area study 2 because vehicles need to make a turn before park which is
far than other parking areas.
The average and peak occupancy achieved in the five selected parking areas. The average and peak
occupancy observed follows this key:

 Orange - Less than 90% peak percentage occupancy observed

 Blue - Less than 80% peak percentage occupancy observed
 Green - Less than 50% peak percentage occupancy observed
 Red - Less than 40% peak percentage occupancy observed
 Purple - Less than 35% peak percentage occupancy observed

PERCENTAGE OF PARKING OCCUPANCY

100
90
80
Percentage Parking Occupancy

70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
11:1511:3011:4512:0012:1512:3012:45 1:00 1:15 1:30 1:45 2:00 2:15 2:30 2:45 3:00
a.m. a.m. a.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m. p.m.

Time At The Beginning of The Patrol

Area 1 Area 2 Area 3 Area 4 Area 5
The location of our study was at staff parking lot at B6 block. The parking spaces at B6 are
divided to five rows to be observed. Area study 1 was choose in front of theater room which is
from 101 to 119. We was there to do our observation from 11.30 a.m. until 3.00 p.m., about 4
hours on 4 March 2018. From this survey, we must find parking area and determine the amount
of parking spaces. The total of parking spaces behind the B6 block is 71. The total of vehicles
parked at the observation parking spaces is 70. It shows that this area of parking lot is not
crowded because of its located for staff parking. Majority of students are preferred to park their
vehicles at lecturer’s block and DTMI. Peak hour is very packed because almost all the lecturer
and students are out having a lunch. It doesn't take a long period to find the parking space at
block B6.

Initial observation was only 6 cars was parked there but the other parking area studies was almost
full near to parking entrance. Numeral vehicles park at the Area Study 1 and Area Study 2 because
the areas was expose to sunlight and heat from the sun. While there is no tree or high building that
can help to prevent their car from the sunlight. The other reason is observation parking spaces is
far from the central area. During the day time, our observation result is some vehicles park their
car under tree or near the building where they can prevent the car the heat of sunlight.

Area study 3, 4 and 5 are the most people choose to parking spaces to park their vehicles.
Numeral parking spaces were not used at all because of expose to sunlight. The unused spaces
were in the middle of the row and not sheltered by any tree. The user of this parking spaces are
mostly staff of the UTHM. From the observation, the staff’s vehicles were park for the long
period and just leaving the parking spaces at lunch hour and time where people get off the
workplace. Take in average each car that parked there take 2 to 3 hours to park their cars.
TURNOVER AND DURATION

One important aspect of the utilization studies conducted of the spaces located on the five study
areas was the analysis of parking staff adherence to parking areas without violation rate. Given
that the parking surveys were conducted on an hourly basis, a numeral vehicles parked in the
various time ranges. For instance, in the one hour parking area in study area 5, nine vehicles were
sighted 4 times throughout the study period and two vehicles were sighted 2 times.

Location Number of Times a Vehicle Can be Observed Without Time Violation

Occurring
1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12+
Vehicle Location
Study Area 1
15 min parking X
30 min parking X
1 hour parking X X
2 hour parking X X X X
3 hour parking X X X X X
Study Area 2
15 min parking X
30 min parking X X
1 hour parking X X X
2 hour parking X X X X X X
3 hour parking X X X X X X
Study Area 3
15 min parking X X
30 min parking X
1 hour parking X X X
2 hour parking X X X X
3 hour parking X X X X X X
 Study Area 4
15 min parking X
30 min parking X X
1 hour parking X X X X
2 hour parking X X X X X X X
3 hour parking X X X X X X X X
Study Area 5
15 min parking X
30 min parking X X
1 hour parking X X X
2 hour parking X X X X X X
3 hour parking X X X X X X X X

The methodology employed as part of this analysis was to record licenses plate numbers of cars
parked within the five areas of spaces. On subsequent survey circuits that occurred on an hourly
basis, it was noted whether the same vehicle was still parked in the space, whether a new vehicle
occupied the space or the space was empty. This allowed us to calculate the turnover rate. Turnover
is defined as the average number of different vehicles occupying a given parking location during
a given period of time.

Parking capacity = number of bays × number of hours

= 71 × 4

= 284 vehicle hours

 Parking Studies Area

Area Study 1 (101-115) Turnover (veh/space)

30 min parking 0.27

2 hour parking 0.33
3.5 hour parking 0.40
Area Study 2 (201-213)
30 min parking 0.38
2 hour parking 0.54
3.5 hour parking 0.62
Area Study 3 (301-314)
30 min parking 0.36
2 hour parking 0.71
3.5 hour parking 1.14
Area Study 4 (401-414)
30 min parking 0.86
2 hour parking 0.93
3.5 hour parking 1.57
Area Study 5 (501-515)
30 min parking 0.73
2 hour parking 0.87
3.5 hour parking 1.40
 Parking Studies Area
Area Study 1 Parking Duration (min/veh)
101 240
109 74
Area Study 2
201 150
211 45
Area Study 3
302 35
310 15
Area Study 4
402 120
412 80
Area Study 5
503 90
510 240
PARKING ADEQUACY

Parking demand can vary widely based upon the time of the year. For example, on the peak hour
at B1 near ATM not enough parking spaces generate the largest demand for spaces. However, it
is uneconomical to design a parking system to accommodate the busiest day every year. The
resulting parking system with an excessive number of unused spaces at B6 near B1 throughout the
sometime. Therefore, parking system at B6 must be opened to student even lecturer to avoid the
lacking of the parking spaces at the crowded time.

That being said, parking adequacy is more complicated than just having enough parking spaces to
theoretically meet the peak demand. Adequacy is calculated by subtracting the demand for spaces
from the “effective” supply of spaces. For the parking lot needs of parking staff B6, and take into
account the results of public surveys showing that the majority of students want to park in the area
on the basis of lack of parking space. Therefore, as we look at a total of 71 parking spaces in B6
but the number of cars entering the parking space is less than the designated parking spaces.

70
Q=
4
= 18 veh/hr

15
T=
60
= 0.25 hrs

A= QxT
= 18 x 0.25
= 5 veh
All five observation parking areas observed had relatively low occupancy at the start of the day
indicating that the number of parking places exceeds the number of employees occupying the
vehicles. This is also demonstrated by the fact that the parking area near to DTMI rapidly but
behind the B6 block is not full with the vehicles. Adequate parking for staff use should now be
given an unlimited number of "no nights" and a 10-hour space for parking lots as well as private
parking spaces for worker uses. This space is need distribute well throughout UTHM and is not
concentrated in one particular area.