M&W JAWO HANDLING

RSS – REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING SYSTEM

REPRESENTATIVE SAMPLING (BULK MATERIAL)

The sampling system operates in

accordance with approved
international standards.

Final sample size is suitable for

making laboratory analysis.

M&W JAWO HANDLING A/S | Oldenvej 5 | 3490 Kvistgaard | Denmark | Phone: +45 49139822 | E-mail: m-w@m-w.dk | Web: www.m-w.dk
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INTRODUCTION GENERAL DESCRIPTION

The basic purpose of sampling is to collect a manageable mass Knowledge of the bulk material properties:
of material which is representative of the total mass of material
• Content of prime property
from which it was collected. This manageable mass of material,
• Moisture content
called a “sample”, is subject to certain preparation procedures,
• Content of contamination
which render it suitable for either physical testing, or
• Hardness (Hard Grove Index)
laboratory analysis. The types of tests or analyses, which are
• Size distribution
performed, are dependent on what characteristics are required
• And many other properties
to be measured to categorise the material.

are essential when controlling the quality of the material.

The method by which samples are collected, the frequency of

The properties are identified by taking representative samples
collecting samples and the accuracy of the samples collected,
from each bulk material batch used or collected.
that is, how closely they represent the true characteristics of
the total mass, all depend on the nature of the material being
The Representative Sampling provides the operator with the
sampled. A totally homogeneous material will require the
means for executing the extraction and preparation of
collection of only a single sample in order to determine its
representative samples of the material.
characteristics accurately, whereas a lumpy heterogeneous
material will require the collection of many small samples, or
The Representative Sampling System operates in accordance
increments, which, when combined, will represent the total
with approved international standards.
mass, or lot, with an acceptable degree of accuracy. These
increments should be collected from all parts of the lot, with
The sample size is suitable for making laboratory analysis.
the number required to be collected being dependent on the
variability of the material constituting the lot.
The results of the laboratory tests performed on the basis of the
representative samples prepared by the sampling system is
used for:
Since it is required to collect increments from all parts of the
lot, it is necessary that the total lot is accessible. In other
• Calculating the value or payment for each batch of material
words, it is of fundamental importance that all particles in the
• Adjusting downstream production
lot have the same probability of being included in the final
• Calculating the amount of by-products from each batch
sample. To achieve this requirement, it is desirable to sample
• Calculating the blending of various material batches
the lot whilst it is in a dynamic state.

M&W JAWO HANDLING A/S | Oldenvej 5 | 3490 Kvistgaard | Denmark | Phone: +45 49139822 | E-mail: m-w@m-w.dk | Web: www.m-w.dk
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EXAMPLE OF SAMPLING PLAN (COAL) EQUIPMENT SIZING CONSIDERATIONS

In order to verify the coal properties for a given coal lot it is
necessary to take out a number u of sampling units. This
number depends on the mass of the lot and on the desired
overall sampling precision. Minimum requirements are listed in
Table 1.
Each sampling unit is taken by the sampling equipment as n
increments, where n should be 10 or more.
The properties of the coal lot can be determined with an overall
precision PL using equation 1 where:
The mass of each primary increment can be calculated using
Equation 4 where:
• C is flow rate [t/h] on conveyor belt.
• A is cutting aperture [mm].
Should be ≥ 3 times the nominal top size of coal.
• S is cutter speed [m/s].
If S is constant the incremental mass is a function of the flow
rate C, the nominal top size of the coal lumps and cutting
aperture A.

As a guideline for lay-out of sampling systems the reference

• VPT is variance of sample preparation and test. If no data
• available: Assume 0.2
• VI is the variance of primary increment. If no data
available: Assume 20
The overall precision is a function of the number of sampling
units u, the variance of sample preparation and test VPT, the
number of increments n and the variance of the increments VI.
If a given precision PL is required the number of increments n
and the number of sampling units u can be found using
Equation 2 and 3 respectively.
increment mass from Table 2 should be used as minimum
values.
The total mass of the sample (sampling unit) is at least n times
the increment mass where n is at least 10 as previously
discussed.
Sample division
To obtain convenient sample masses, the sample is divided into
a number of statistically identical but smaller samples and a
rest which is returned to the coal conveyor.

The values n and u are adjusted upwards and recalculated to a From the preceding section is seen, that reducing the mass
convenient combination respecting the required minimum needs a reduction in particle size in order to preserve the
values. representative nature of the sample. For this reason a system
for extraction of representative samples of coal consists of
multistage extraction, particle reduction and division
Equation 1: = ±2
equipment.

∙
Equation 2: = Equation 4: = ∙ 10 [#$]
, ∙

Nominal top size of coal [mm] Reference incr. mass [kg]

Equation 3: =
300 100
200 25
150 15
125 10
Mass of Lot tonnes No. of sampling units 90 5
< 5.000 1 63 3
5.001 - 20.000 2 45 2
20.001 - 45.000 3 31,5 1
45.001 - 80.000 4 22,4 0,75
80.001 - 125.000 5 16 0,50
125.001 - 180.000 6 11,2 0,25
180.001 - 245.000 7 8 0,15

M&W JAWO HANDLING A/S | Oldenvej 5 | 3490 Kvistgaard | Denmark | Phone: +45 49139822 | E-mail: m-w@m-w.dk | Web: www.m-w.dk
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TYPICAL PROCESS DIAGRAM DEFINITIONS

Lot:
A quantity of material for which the overall quality to a
particular precision needs to be determined.

Sub-lot:
Equally sized parts of a lot, which properties are to be
determined.

Norminal top size:

The smallest sieve on which not more than 5% of the sample is
retained.

Primary Increment:
The amount of material which the primary sampling tool takes
out of the material stream in one cut.

Cut:
An increment taken by a sampler.

Gross Sample:
A material sample consisting of all the primary Increments
taken from a sub-lot.

Division:
A sample preparation process, in which the sample is divided in
a number of smaller portions.

Sample:
The quantity of material consisting of all the increments taken
from a lot/sub-lot.

1. Main conveyor belt

Final sample:
2. Cross Belt Bucket Sampler (CBBS)
A sample prepared from the sample of a sub-lot.
3. Dosing Conveyor (DC)
4. Twin Roll Crusher (VK)
5. Rotary Tube Divider (PD) Precision:
6. Bias Valve Expressed in % and within 95% confidence level.
7. Buffer Container
8. Dosing Conveyor (DC)
Bias:
9. Rotary Tube Divider (PD)
A systematic error that creates results that on regular basis are
10. Sample Containers higher or lower than the true value.
11. Reject Conveyor (RC)

M&W JAWO HANDLING A/S | Oldenvej 5 | 3490 Kvistgaard | Denmark | Phone: +45 49139822 | E-mail: m-w@m-w.dk | Web: www.m-w.dk
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QUESTIONNAIRE FOR SAMPLING AND SAMPLE PREPARATION

Plant name, owner and address

E-mail, ID and phone no.

Media (material type)

Reference standard
Location of sample extraction
(free fall at belt end or on the belt)
Place for disposal of reject material
Weight of total LOT t
Period of time for LOT h
Bulk density of material kg/m³
Max. grain size
mm
Nominal top size
Conveyor belt width mm
speed m/sec
capacity t/h
height above ground m

After sample preparation:

Final max. grain size mm
Final sample weight kg

EXAMPLE OF COMPLETED QUESTIONNAIRE

Media (material type) Coal

Reference standard ISO 13909
Location of sample extraction
On the horizontal belt
(free fall at belt end or on the belt)
Place for disposal of reject material Back on the main horizontal belt
Weight of total LOT 20000 t
Period of time for LOT 8 h
Bulk density of material 2200 kg/m³
Max. grain size 50
mm
Nominal top size 30
Conveyor belt width 1200 mm
speed 1,6 m/sec
capacity 2500 t/h
height above ground 5 m

After sample preparation:

Final max. grain size 10 mm
Final sample weight 10 kg

M&W JAWO HANDLING A/S | Oldenvej 5 | 3490 Kvistgaard | Denmark | Phone: +45 49139822 | E-mail: m-w@m-w.dk | Web: www.m-w.dk
 M&W JAWO HANDLING

Cross Belt Hammer Sampler Twin Roll Crusher

Rotary Tube Divider (motorised

ed flap) Sampl Collector
Sample

M&W JAWO HANDLING is an internationally

working engineering company specialised in
design, manufacturing and supply of individual
machine units and systems for representative
sampling of powder and bulk material.
Several hundred systems are successfully
sampling in the industry world-wide.
world

M&W JAWO HANDLING A/S | Oldenvej 5 | 3490 Kvistgaard | Denmark | Phone: +45 49139822 | E-mail:
E mail: m-w@m-w.dk
m | Web: www.m-w.dk