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QUALITY 300007_C
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Contents:
Purpose
Field of Validity
Definitions
Objectives
Repeatability and Reproducibility Study
Results Analysis and Acceptance Criteria
R&R Frequency
Excel Calculation Sheets
Related Standards
Purpose:
This standard defines the minimum requirements for assessing the quality of a gauge or
measurement system. This standard applies to both new and refurbished gauges and
measurement systems used within GKN Driveline and Suppliers. The need to determine the
acceptability of the gauge for use is important to monitoring and assessing of the product
quality and processes control.
Field of Validity:
This Standard is applicable for assessing the quality of the gauge and/or measurement system
used to validate component quality and monitoring of the prototype/production process within
GKN Driveline and its suppliers
Definitions:
The following definitions describe the types of error or variation associated with gauge and
measurement systems.
Accuracy:
The accuracy of a measurement is the closeness of agreement between the result of the
measurement and the value of a true value or an accepted reference value.
Repeatability:
The closeness of the agreement between the results of successive measurements under the
following conditions: same measurement procedure, appraiser, measuring system conditions,
location, characteristic and over a short period of time. This is often called Equipment
Variation (EV) and is used to understand the within system variation
Reproducibility:
The variation in the measurement made by different appraisers using the same gauge, method
of measurement, condition of use and over a short period of time. This is often called
Appraiser Variation (AV) and is used to understand the variation between appraisers.
Gauge:
A device used to obtain measurements often used to specify devices used on the shop floor.
Copyright GKN plc. This Standard is confidential and is supplied on condition that it must only be used for the purpose for which it has been
supplied and must not be copied, exhibited nor communicated to third parties without the consent of GKN plc whose property it remains.
Standard Owner Date Released by Date
Discrimination (sensitivity):
The smallest input, which results in a measurable output. The smallest measurement, which
can be distinguished as a measured output. Often called the 10 to 1 rule, which states that
instrument discrimination, should divide the tolerance (or process variation) into ten parts or
more.
Objectives:
The main objectives of performing gauge and measurement system capability studies are:
• To provide a basis for acceptance of new, refurbished and current gauges and
measurement systems.
• To perform an ongoing assessment of the quality, accuracy and stability of existing
measurement equipment.
• To evaluate gauges and measurement systems with suspected performance deficiencies.
• To compare the measurement variation resulting from different gauges or measuring
systems measuring the same product feature.
These will result in a better understanding of the magnitude of the measurement variation and
its contribution to the process variation and keep such measurement variation within
acceptable limits. A high level of measurement variation affects the ability for operators to
make process adjustments and improvements. High variation can lead to possible quality and
product performance risks.
This study provides a comprehensive process for determining that the amount of gauge and
measurement variation is due to Repeatability and Reproducibility. The result from study
provides more information than just a Gauge R&R (Repeatability and Reproducibility) percent;
consider the following situations:
• 3 Operators
• 3 Trials
• 10 Parts
• Average and range method
• 90 degrees of freedom (error sources)
Copyright GKN plc. This Standard is confidential and is supplied on condition that it must only be used for the purpose for which it has been
supplied and must not be copied, exhibited nor communicated to third parties without the consent of GKN plc whose property it remains.
Standard Owner Date Released by Date
• 2 operators
• 3 trials
• 10 parts
• Average and range method
• 60 degrees of freedom (error sources)
Note: if more than 2 Operators use the gauge (or any measurement system), then the
following study conditions should be used:
• 3 operators
• 2 trials
• 10 parts
• Average and range method
• 60 degrees of freedom
• 2 operators
• 2 trials
• 10 parts
• Average and range method
• 40 degrees of freedom (error sources)
Snap shot gauge R&R for gauge and measurement system assessments:
In certain specific conditions such as a perceived gauge or measurement system problem the
following gauge R&R study can be performed to assess a possible gauge or measurement
system concern:
• 2 operators
• 2 trials
• 5 parts
This method shall not be used in place of the minimum gauge R&R for significant, critical and
non-significant, non-critical characteristics. The safe route in such cases should be the
following:
• 3 Operators
• 2 Trials
• 10 Parts
Copyright GKN plc. This Standard is confidential and is supplied on condition that it must only be used for the purpose for which it has been
supplied and must not be copied, exhibited nor communicated to third parties without the consent of GKN plc whose property it remains.
Standard Owner Date Released by Date
Note: if the operators are on different shifts have each operator measure all ten parts for all the
requested trials on the operators’ normal shift. Repeat this for operators on their respective
shift.
Note: if only two operators are available then increase the number of trials to 3 in order to
maintain the desired number of degrees of freedom.
The results shall be evaluated to determine if the gauge is acceptable for the intended
application. The criterion for acceptability is dependent upon the percentage of part tolerance
that is consumed by the gauge system error. For GKN Driveline, the criteria are as follows:
Copyright GKN plc. This Standard is confidential and is supplied on condition that it must only be used for the purpose for which it has been
supplied and must not be copied, exhibited nor communicated to third parties without the consent of GKN plc whose property it remains.
Standard Owner Date Released by Date
In this standard further detail on these analytical graphical methods will not be provided. Many
of these graphical methods can be investigated on the Internet, statistical software packages
and textbooks.
Determining bias:
Currently there is much discussion regarding the issue of bias and the determination of the
acceptability of the amount of allowable bias. One current method is described in MSA edition
3 (Measurement System Analysis). The following is a very basic overview of the process
within MSA 3rd edition.
10. If the bias value computed in step 8 is within the 95% confidence band computed in step
ten then the bias level is acceptable.
Copyright GKN plc. This Standard is confidential and is supplied on condition that it must only be used for the purpose for which it has been
supplied and must not be copied, exhibited nor communicated to third parties without the consent of GKN plc whose property it remains.
Standard Owner Date Released by Date
1. The master value data should be plotted on an Xbar and R chart with predetermined UCL
(Upper Control Limits) and LCL (Lower Control Limit).
2. If the Xbar and R charts exceed the UCL an LCL limits then a investigating is needed to
determine and explain the exceeding limits
Study frequency:
R&R study shall form part of acceptance criteria with the gauge supplier.
• New gauge shall not be accepted unless stated pass-off criterion is met.
Excel calculation sheet, conforming to MSA 3rd Edition, is available for access as associated
documents with this standard. However, any other calculation medium, conforming to MSA 3rd
Edition can be used, provided acceptance criterion contained within this standard are applied
and adhered to.
Related Standards: