Beruflich Dokumente
Kultur Dokumente
ASTILLERO
Science Research Specialist II
Bureau of Animal Industry
GOOD NUTRITION
SUSTAINABILITY
photo by: albert astillero
Topic Outline
1. Ruminant digestive system
2. Essential nutrients from feeds
3. Feed resources
4. Feed intake and digestibility
5. Feeding management
Topic Outline
1. Ruminant digestive system
2. Essential nutrients
3. Feed resources
4. Feed intake and digestibility
5. Feeding management
Cattle digestive system
Abomasum Omasum
Rumen Environment
Rumen Environment
RUMEN pH
6.5 – 6.8
Effect of Type of Feed: FORAGES
RUMEN pH
SLOW DIGESTION
MORE RUMINATION
STABLE pH
Effect of Type of Feed: Concentrate
RUMEN pH
FAST DIGESTION
LESS RUMINATION
ACIDIC pH
Ruminant feeding principle
Topic Outline
1. Ruminant digestive system
2. Essential nutrients
3. Feed resources
4. Feed intake and digestibility
5. Feeding management
Essential nutrients and functions
Nutrient Functions
Water Aid in digestion process
Body temperature regulation
Reactant in metabolic reactions
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Essential nutrients and functions
Nutrient Functions
Carbohydrates Major source of energy
(sugars, starch, (Through fermentation and production of
cellulose) volatile fatty acids)
Nutrient Functions
Lipids Concentrated form of energy
(fats and oils) Supply essential fatty acids
Carbohydrate digestion
ENERGY !!!
PROTEIN
DEFICIENT =
THIN BODY
(Fat-soluble)
Vit. A, D, E – provide as feed or injectable
Vit. K – synthesized by ruminants
(Water-soluble)
Other vitamins - synthesized by
ruminants
LACTATION
REPRODUCTION
GROWTH
MAINTENANCE
Topic Outline
1. Ruminant digestive system
2. Essential nutrients
3. Feed resources
4. Feed intake and digestibility
5. Feeding management
Feed Resources
ROUGHAGE
High fiber
Low total digestible nutrients
1 2
3 4
Source: NBCRDC II, Gen. Tinio, Nueva Ecija c/o MR. Clodualdo Mariano
Feed Resources: Hay
1 2
3
photo by: albert astillero
4
Source: NBCRDC II, Gen. Tinio, Nueva Ecija c/o MR. Clodualdo Mariano
Topic Outline
1. Ruminant digestive system
2. Essential nutrients
3. Feed resources
4. Feed intake and digestibility
5. Feeding management
Cattle Feed Consumption
30 kg
Grass: 21 kg
30%
legumes
Legume: 9 kg
70%
grasses
Feed Requirement (CONCENTRATE)
30%
of dry matter
intake
Given: 400 kg BW Concentrate amount:
Fresh : 30 kg DM x 30%
Dry: 6 kg 6 kg x 30% = 1.8 kg
Cattle Feed Consumption
Animal Class Age Body Ave. Ave.
(months) weight (kg) concentrate Roughage
consumption Consumption
(kg/hd/day) (kg/hd/day)
Suckling age <1 -5 90
Weanling 6-11 132 0.75 15-20
Yearling 12-17 193 0.75 15-20
Female
Heifer 18-36 396 0.88-0.95 15-20
Cow (after 420 0.88-0.95 15-20
calving)
Male
Junior bull 18-36 480 1 15-20
Senior bull >36 580 2.99 15-20
feed quality
rate of digestion
water intake
Feed quality: Forage digestibility
LOW
digestibility
LOW
intake
Feed quality: Forage digestibility
cut forages at proper age
Time/Season Activity
Early Morning grazing
Noon/Midday resting
Late Afternoon grazing
Rate of digestion: Speed of passage
LOW FORAGE
digestibility
SLOW growth
Topic Outline
1. Ruminant digestive system
2. Essential nutrients
3. Feed resources
4. Feed intake and digestibility
5. Feeding management
Feeding management must address:
environment
feed quality
rate of digestion
water intake
Feeding management must address:
COST BENEFIT
Feeding management: FEEDING PLAN
Month 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12
Feeding system
Grazing
Silage (grasses)
Silage (sugarcane)
Hay
Rice straw
UTS
Silage (grasses)
Silage (sugarcane)
Hay
UTS
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Feeding Management
Cut and carry: chop before feeding long grasses
UMMB Formula
Ingredients Dry Season Wet Season
(December – May) (June – November)
Amount in kg Amount in kg
Molasses 40 40
Urea 8 6
Cement 9 10
Salt (NaCl) 5 5
Rice bran D1 37.3 38.3
Trace mineral mixture .2 .2
Zinc sulfate 75 g 75 g
Potassium iodide 50 g 50 g
Copper sulfate 75 g 75 g
Bone ash 0.5 0.5
Source: Avilla, Hernando et. al. Bureau of Animal Industry-Livestock Research and Development Division
Feeding Management