1. What caused division during the Civil Rights Movement?

They turned attention to the north, where people were not facing legal segregation but they faced
racial prejudices. In the north African Americans faced a segregation founded in tradition or
customs (de facto).
2. What is the difference between de facto and de jure segregation?
De facto segregation means that segregation is practiced by custom or tradition. In this places
segregation has been technically abolished but it was still practiced, as it required people to
change their attitude.
3. Who was Malcolm X and what did he advocate? How is his philosophy different
from MLK?
Malcolm X was a ideological leader that preached that African Americans should separate
themselves from whites, since they were the cause of their problems. He was a part of the
Nation of Islam. Malcolm X and Martin Luther King Jr, both fought for racial equality but they
differed in the methods they used to try to achieve it. MLK advocated for the inclusion of white
liberals in the racial liberation movement, not using violent means, and believed black and white
people could live in harmony. Malcolm X on the other hand, believed that white people had
stripped black people of their cultural and racial identity and that they had to claim it back. He
believed in building an equal society in which black and white could cooperate, but not mix.
Malcolm X defended the use of violence when black people were being attacked.
4. What happened in cities across the country after MLK’s assassination?
When MLK was assassinated in Memphis (TN) shock and distress impulsed rioting and
protests in more than 100 cities across America. President Lyndon Johnson called up the
Congress to pass the civil rights legislation. Though blacks and whites alike mourned King’s
passing, the killing in some ways served to widen the rift between black and white Americans,
as many blacks saw King’s assassination as a rejection of their vigorous pursuit of equality
through the nonviolent resistance he had championed.
5. In determining the legacy of the modern civil rights movement , how successful
was it in doing away with the jure segregation? Or de facto segregation?
The Civil Rights Movement and the passing of the Civil Rights Act of 1968 ended the jure
segregation. It gave African Americans all the rights they had been denied for hundreds of
years, regarding education, work, poverty, and it helped in giving them more pride of their
culture. But still after the acts was passed, public support declined because some whites were
afraid of the riots. The feeling of whites to the suburbs in 1990 reversed a little bit of the
advances made. Still poverty and unemployment rate is three times higher in blacks than in
whites.
6. What is Affirmative Action?
Affirmative Action is any policy designed to favor those who tend to suffer from discrimination,
especially in relation to employment or education. It is the same as “positive discrimination”.