LoRaWAN 101 Class v2 MARCOM 1

LoRaWAN™ 101 Class
Getting Up and Running

with LoRaWAN™
Long-Range Networking
Objectives
l At the end of this class, the student will

be able to:
l List 3 advantages of the LoRaWAN™ Network
Protocol
l Configure, Activate (Join), and Communicate
with the RN2483 Wireless Module
l Create a LoRaWAN™ End-device application
using the LoRa® Technology Mote
2
Agenda
l Internet of Things ( IoT )

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
l LoRa® Technology Wireless Modules
l Getting Started with RN2483 Module
l Hands-on Labs
3
Agenda

l Hands-on Labs
4
Internet of Things ( IoT )
l Loosely defined paradigm

l Connected devices
l Communication happens without human
intervention
l “Thing” can contribute to “big data”
l Cloud-handled data
l Queries on the cloud data can offer a high-level
view
5
Types of Wireless Networks
Personal Area Local Area Wide Area
Bluetooth® Wi-Fi® Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G-LTE)
6
LoRaWAN™ Network
Monitoring / Control Smart Agriculture Smart City

Light Control Smart Energy Smart Home and Security
7
Who is the LoRa® Alliance?
l The LoRa® Alliance (http://lora-alliance.org/) is an open, non
-profit association of members.
l Mission: to standardize Low Power Wide Area Networks
(LPWAN)
l Alliance members will collaborate to drive the global
success of the LoRaWAN™ protocol
8
Agenda

l Hands-on Labs
9
Sub-Agenda

l LoRa® Technology Modulation
l How does LoRaWAN Technology Work?
l End-Device Classes
l End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Security
l End-Device Data Communication (Class A)
l Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
10
Sub-Agenda

l How does LoRaWAN Technology Work?
l Security
11
LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol
LoRa® Technology Modulation
l Proprietary Spread Spectrum Technology

l Developed by Semtech Corporation (http://www.semtech.com/)
l Chirped-FM
l Processing gain = increased receive sensitivity
l Enables longer range at expense of lower data rate
12
LoRa® Technology Modulation
l Spreading Factor (SF)

l Programmable SF:
7, 8, 9, 10, 11, 12
l The higher the SF the more information transmitted per bit; therefore
higher processing gain
l Bandwidth (BW)
l Programmable signal BW settings:
125 kHz, 250 kHz, 500 kHz
l For a given SF, a narrower BW = increased receive sensitivity;
however, increased time on air
l Forward Error Correction (FEC) Code Rate (CR)
l Additional coding rate provides more redundancy to detect errors and
correct them
13
Modulation Settings for Europe
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Rate (DR)

LoRa Modulation FSK
Range
12 11 10 9 8 7 7 -- Spreading Factor (SF)
125 125 125 --
125 125 125 250 50K Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
10937
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
5468
3125
1757
-120
976 -123 -122
292 537 -126
-132
-129 Receive Sensitivity (dBm)
-137 -135
14
Longest Distance on LoRa® Modulation

l Data Rate (DR) = 0
l LoRa® modulation
l Spreading Factor (SF) = SF12
l Bandwidth (BW) = 125 kHz
l Coding Rate (CR) = 4/5
l Bit Rate = 292 bps
l Max Application Payload Size = 51 bytes
l Time On Air = 2466 ms
15
Highest Bit Rate on LoRa® Modulation

l LoRa® modulation
16
Highest Bit Rate on GFSK Modulation

l FSK modulation
l Maximum Bit Rate = 50 kbps
17
Modulation Settings for North America
0 1 2 3 4 Data Rate (DR)

LoRa Modulation
Range
10 9 8 7 8 Spreading Factor (SF)
125 125
125 125 500 Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
12500 Bitrate (BR) (bps)
5468
3125
1757
976
18
Longest Distance on LoRa® Modulation

l LoRa® modulation
19
Highest Bit Rate on LoRa® Modulation

l LoRa® modulation
20
LoRaWAN Channels
l License free Sub-GHz Frequencies

l Europe: 868 MHz Band
l Network channels can be freely attributed by the
network operator
l Three mandatory channels that all gateways should
constantly receive:
21
LoRaWAN Channels
l License free Sub-GHz Frequencies

l North America: 915 MHz Band
l Upstream: 64 channels numbered 0 to 63, DR0 to
DR3
l Upstream: 8 channels numbered 64 to 71, DR4
l Downstream: 8 channels numbered 0 to 7, DR8 to
DR13
22
Sub-Agenda

l How does LoRaWAN™ Technology Work?
l Security
23
What is LoRaWAN Protocol?
l Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN)

l Bidirectional
Enables simpler network
l Simple Star Network Topology
architecture:
l Low data rate • No repeaters
l Low cost • No mesh routing complexity
l Long battery life
l Ideal for:
l Internet of Things (IoT)
l Machine-to-Machine (M2M)
l Industrial Automation
l Low Power Applications
l Battery Operated Sensors
l Smart City
l Smart Meter
l Smart Agriculture
http://lora-alliance.org/What-Is-LoRa/Technology 24
LoRaWAN Network
Application
Server
Network
Server
Gateways
End-Devices
25
How Does LoRaWAN Technology Work?
Physical Topology
End-Devices Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
Advanced Network Topology

26
Physical Topology
Server Servers
* May physically be one

server
Sub-GHz RF IP IP

27
Physical Topology
Server Servers
Sub-GHz RF IP IP

28
End-Devices Physical Topology

Gateways Network Application
Server Servers
Sub-GHz RF IP IP

29
End-Devices Physical Topology

Server Servers
Sub-GHz RF IP IP

30
The End Device
l The “Thing” in IoT
l Single-hop wireless communication to one or many
Gateway(s).
Host MCU Wireless Module
LoRaWAN Protocol
Radio Transceiver
Radio Transceiver
Internet Protocol
Application
Sensors
UART
Actuators
31
The Gateway
l Interface the LoRaWAN RF Network to LoRaWAN

Backend Services
l Data is “passed through” to Servers
l Connected to Network Server via standard IP connection.
Radio Transceiver
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
Network Server
IP
32
The Network Server
l Network Server authenticates data

l If data is addressed to Network Server, data is processed
l Else data will be forwarded to Application Server
l Connected to the Application Server via standard IP
connection.
Radio Transceiver
Application Server
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
IP Network Server IP
33
The Application Server
l Consumer of data
l Application Server decrypts data
l Multiple Application Servers can exist within the same
LoRaWAN Network
Example: Each Application
Server handles specific
type of data
Application Server
Internet Protocol
Internet Protocol
Network Server
Electric Meter
IP Vending Machine
Smoke alarms
34
Multiple Application Server Example

Server Servers
Sub-GHz RF
35
Logical Data Flow (Programmer’s Model)

End-Devices
Gateway Network Application
Server Server
IP IP
End-device to/from Network Server

Data Data
End-device to/from Application Server
36
Sub-Agenda

l Security
37
End-Device Classes
l Each end-device class has different

behavior depending on the choice of
optimization:
l Battery Powered – Class A
l Low Latency – Class B
l No Latency – Class C
38
End-Device Classes

l Bidirectional communications
l Unicast messages
l Small payloads
l Long intervals
l End-device initiates communication (uplink)
l Server communicates with end-device (downlink)
during predetermined response windows:
Transmit RX1 RX2
RxDelay1
RxDelay2
39
End-Device Classes

l Pros
l Lowest power consumption = longest battery life
l Cons
l Long latency
l Examples
l Battery powered sensors
40
End-Device Classes

l Bidirectional with scheduled receive slots
l Unicast and Multicast messages
l Small payloads
l Long intervals
l Periodic beacon from gateway
l Extra receive window (ping slot)
l Server can initiate transmission at fixed intervals
BCN PNG Transmit RX1 RX2 BCN
RxDelay1
RxDelay2
Ping Slot
Beacon Period
41
End-Device Classes

l Pros
l Deterministic latency
l Cons
l Higher power consumption
l Examples
l Battery powered actuator end-device
42
End-Device Classes
l Bidirectional communications
l Unicast and Multicast messages
l Small payloads
l Server can initiate transmission at any time
l End-device is constantly receiving
Transmit RX2 RX1 RX2
RxDelay1
RxDelay2
Extends RX2 until next TX
43
End-Device Classes
l Pros
l Lowest receive latency
l End-device has continuous receive window
l Cons
l Highest power consumption
(expect end-device to be mains powered)
l Examples
l Mains power low-latency actuator end-device
44
Sub-Agenda

l Security
45
End-Device Activation (Joining)
l Before an end-device can communicate on the

LoRaWAN network, it must be activated
l The following information is required:
l Device Address (DevAddr)
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
l Application Session Key (AppSKey)
Let’s look at each of these in detail…
46
l 32-bit identifier
l Unique within the network
l Present in each data frame
l Shared between End-device, Network Server, and
Application Server
l Differentiates nodes within the network,
allowing the network to use the correct
encryption keys and properly interpret the
data
47
l 128-bit AES encryption key
l Unique per end-device
l Shared between end-device and Network Server
l Provides message integrity for the
communication
l Provides security for end-device to Network
Server communication
48
l 128-bit AES encryption key
l Unique per end-device
l Shared between end-device and Application Server
l Used to encrypt / decrypt application data messages
l Provides security for application payload
49
l To exchange this information, two activation

methods are available:
Over-the-Air Activation Activation By Personalization
(OTAA) (ABP)
l Based on Globally Unique l Shared keys stored at production
Identifier time
l Over the air message l Locked to a specific network
handshaking
50
l Over-the-Air-Activation (OTAA)
l End-device transmits Join Request to application
server containing:
l Globally unique end-device identifier (DevEUI)
l Application identifier (AppEUI)
l Authentication with Application key (AppKey)
l End-device receives Join Accept from application

server
(continued…)
51
l Over-the-Air-Activation (OTAA)
l End-device authenticates Join Accept
l End-device decrypts Join Accept
l End-device extracts and stores Device Address
(DevAddr)
l End-device derives:
Security
l Network Session Key (NwkSKey) Keys
52
l Activation By Personalization (ABP)
l The following information is configured at production
time:
l No over the air handshaking

l Device is ready to communicate on the network
without any additional procedure.
l Note that the end result is the same, the DevAddr
and security keys are now known to the end-device
53
Sub-Agenda

l Security
54
Security
Logical Data Flow (Programmer’s Model)
End-Devices
Gateway Network Application
Server Server
IP IP
Application
Sub-GHz RF
Application
Network Session Key (NwkSKey)
Data Application Session Key (AppSKey) Data
55
Security
l Based on 802.15.4 Security
l AES-128
l Enhancement
l Network Server authenticates Application Data
l Network Server cannot decrypt Application Data
56
Sub-Agenda

l Security
57
End-Device Data Communications (Class A)
l Uplink Message
l End-Device to Network Server relayed by one or
many Gateways
Network Application
End-Devices Gateways
Server Servers
Uplink
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
58
l Downlink Message
l Sent by the Network Server to only one End-Device
and is relayed by a single Gateway
Network Application
End-Devices Gateways
Server Servers
Downlink
Sub-GHz RF IP IP
59
Unconfirmed-Data Message
End-Device Data Message does

not require an acknowledgement
Let’s look at an example…
60
Data Server Servers
1. Electric meter transmits data
61
Server Servers
Da
ta
2. Gateway receives data and passes to Network Server
62
Server Servers
a ta
D
3. The Network Server authenticates data and

passes it to Electric Meter Application Server
63
Server Servers
Data
4. Electric Meter Application Server decrypts data
64
End-Device Data Communications
Confirmed-Data Message
End-Device Data Message has to be

acknowledged by the receiver
65
Server Servers
Data
Dat
a
1. Vending Machine transmits data.

It is received by two Gateways.
66
Server Servers
Data
ta
Da
2. Both gateways “pass through”

the data to the Network Server.
67
Server Servers
Da
ta
3. The Network Server forwards the data to

the Vending Machine Applications Server
68
Server Servers
AC
K
4. The Vending Machine Applications

Server sends an acknowledgement
69
Server Servers
ACK
5. The Network Server selects the best path (gateway) to

transmit the acknowledgement to the end-device.
70
Server Servers
ACK
6. The Gateway transmits the

acknowledgement to the end-device
71
Application Server Data Message
If the Application Server has a Data Message

for the End-Device…
… the Application Server has to wait until the
End-Device initiates a transmission.
72
Server Servers
Data
1. The Smoke Detector Application Server has

Data for the highlighted Smoke Detector
73
Server Servers
Data
Zzz…
2. However, it has to wait until the Smoke Detector

wakes up and transmits a Data Message
74
Server Servers
Data
Data
3. When the Smoke Detect transmits,

the Data Message moves Upstream
75
Server Servers
Data
a ta
D
4. Passed through the Gateway…
76
Server Servers
Data
Data
5. … and the Network Server sends to the

Smoke Detector Application Server.
77
Server Servers
Data
6. The Smoke Detector Application Server can now

send the data message to the Smoke Detector.
78
Server Servers
a ta
D
7. The Network Server sends the Data Message

to the appropriate Gateway.
79
Server Servers
Data
8. The Data Message is transmitted to the Smoke

Detector during one of the two Receive Windows.
80
Sub-Agenda

l Security
l End-Device Data Communication
81
Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
l LoRaWAN can manage
l data rate and
l RF power output
for each end-device to
l Optimize for fastest data rate,
l Maximize battery life, and
l Maximize network capacity
based on range from gateway
82
Adaptive Data Rate (ADR)
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Rate (DR)
Range
125 125 125 --
125 125 125 250 50K Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
10937
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
5468
3125
1757
537 976
292
Note: European data rates shown
83
Summary

l Security
l End-Device Data Communication
84
Agenda

l Hands-on Labs
85
Introducing RN2903-I/RM
FCC LoRaWAN™ Modem
Key Features
• LoRaWANv1.0 Class-A “Golden Unit” Stack
• 915MHz, external antenna
• Integrated filtering and matching circuits
• I/O Expansion: 6x analog, 6x digital, UART, I2C
• Compact size: 27 x 18 x 3.2 mm
• FCC Modular Certification
Complete Solution! Development Tools

• Integrates
LoRa® Radio, PIC MCU & • PICtail for Microchip MCU kits
LoRaWAN Stack • Mote for portable testing
• Pre-tested against all major • Both support USB Interface
LoRaWAN gateways & servers
• Demo Code available
• Simple ASCII Command Set
• Optimized for Embedded Designs
• Quick Time-to-Market
86
Introducing RN2903
FCC Modem Block Diagram
87
RN2903 FCC Modem
Key Features
88
Agenda
l Microchip Introduction
l Who are we
l Wireless product focus
l RN2903 Product Family
l Key Features
l Block Diagram
l Collateral
l End-Node Kits
l RN2903 Demo Mote
l PICTail Development Kit
l Gateway Kit
l Hands-on Workshop Introduction
l API Overview
89
Collateral Available
See www.microchip.com/RN2903
 RN2903 Modules - In Production Now
 RN2903 Datasheet - Online
 RN2903 Command Ref Users Guide - Online
 FCC Certifications – Completed & Online
 Product Landing Page - Live
 $65 PICTAIL Kit & Users Guide - Available
 $70 MOTE Kit & Users Guide - Available
 $500 Gateway Starter Kit – Coming Nov 2015
90
RN-2903-PICTAIL Kit
l What is a PICTail?
l Microchip’s development kit expansion header
l Enables LoRa® or other peripherals to be added
to existing dev kits
91
RN-2903-MOTE Kit (DM164139)
l What is a Mote? Lets ask Google …
l
l Has become an IoT term for end-nodes

l The ‘matter’ that makes up the IoT universe
92
RN-2903-MOTE Kit (DM164139)
915MHz SMA Antenna
Battery (reverse)
RN2903 Module
GPIO Test Points
OLED Display &
Menu Buttons
ICSP (USB App)
Sensors (Light & Temp)
USB-UART Bridge
LED Indicators
USB Port (mini)
93
Agenda
l Microchip Introduction
l Who are we
l Wireless product focus
l RN2903 Product Family
l Key Features
l Block Diagram
l Collateral
l End-Node Kits
l RN2903 Demo Mote
l PICTail Development Kit
l Gateway Kit
l Hands-on Workshop Introduction
l API Overview
95
Smart Concentrator Kit (DMxx)
See www.microchip.com/LoRa
915MHz
Antenna
SD Card for
GPS Config Data
Ethernet
(Option)
Full-Band
Debug Capture
Display Radios
SX1301 BB
96
R&D Evolution
Transition to LoRaWAN Ecosystem
Microchip LocalHost
LoRaWAN & Server
Microchip Gateway
(Smart Concentrator)
Public Networks
Microchip Motes
Demo, EVB, PICtail “Your Product Here”
Microchip Starter Kit End Products

98
Agenda

l Hands-on Labs
99
LoRa™ Mote Kit:
Block Diagram
Mote
OLED
Display
USB Host MCU
Mini-B
Connector USB SPI
EUSART
TMR1 RN2483/RN2903
LEDs GPIO Module
ADC
Push Light Temperature

Buttons Sensor Sensor
100
LoRa™ RN Modem API:
USB/UART Interface Settings
l Control Interface
l UART (Tx/Rx) communication
l Default Baud Rate: 57600, 8N1, no flow control
l Supports Auto Baud Detection
l Command Interface
l Human Readable Text
l Command Request => Command Reply (or replies)
l Command Request initiated by Host MCU
l Command Reply initiated by the LoRa® Module
101
Command Syntax Style
l Command Syntax
l Keyword(s) issued, followed by optional parameter(s)
l Separated by space Character
l Beware of extra white space characters
l Keyword(s) are Case Sensitive
l Parameter(s) are Case Insensitive
l CR+LF Command Delimiter
l Command Request example:
< mac set devaddr 048E436e\r\n
l Command Reply example:
> ok\r\n
102
Command Structure
Command Interface
mac
radio LoRaWAN™ Protocol
sys Radio Driver
Hardware (GPIO, System Timer, etc.) Radio Hardware
103
Mac-Level Commands
mac : Issues LoRaWAN™ Class A protocol network

communication behaviors, actions and
configurations commands
Command Interface
mac
sys Radio Driver
104
Mac-Level Commands
mac : Issues LoRaWAN™ Class A protocol
network communication behaviors, actions
and configurations commands
105
Mac-Level Commands
< mac set devaddr 048E436E

> Ok
< mac set nwkskey 01234567012345670123456701234567

> Ok
< mac set appskey 01234567012345670123456701234567

> Ok
< mac join abp

> ok
> accepted
106
Radio-Level Commands
radio : Issues radio specific configurations, directly

accessing and updating the transceiver setup
Command Interface
mac
sys Radio Driver
107
radio : Issues radio specific configurations, directly
accessing and updating the transceiver setup
108
< radio cw on
> ok
< radio get mod

> lora
109
Sys-Level Commands
sys : Issues system level behavior actions, gathers status

information on the firmware and hardware version, or
accesses the module user EEPROM memory
Command Interface
mac
sys Radio Driver
110
Sys-Level Commands
sys : Issues system level behavior actions, gathers status

information on the firmware and hardware version, or
accesses the module user EEPROM memory
111
Sys-Level Commands
< sys sleep 5000

> ok
< sys reset

> RN2903 0.9.5 Sep 02 2015 17:19:55
112
Summary
l Hands-on Labs
113
Additional Resources
l http://lora-alliance.org/
l http://www.microchip.com/RN2483
l http://www.microchip.com/RN2903
l RN2483 Low-Power Long Range LoRa® Technology
Transceiver Module
l RN2483 LoRa Technology Module Command Reference
User’s Guide
l RN2903 Low-Power Long Range LoRa Technology
Transceiver Module
l RN2903 LoRa Technology Module Command Reference
User’s Guide
114
Q&A
115
Thank You!
116
Backup Material
Backup Slides
Overview
l LoRa® / LoRaWAN in 90 seconds
l Spreading Factor Setting & ADR Example
l Technology comparison table
l Traditional cellular infrastructure comparison
l Alliance member logos, by category
l 3rd Party Kits
l RN2483 EU Module versions of slides
l Current consumption example
l Security
l Commissioning
l Flexible network options
l Senet case study
118
What is LoRa™ & LoRaWAN™
in 90 seconds
l LoRa™ is a long-range, low-cost spread spectrum
modulation / coding scheme, in sub-GHz band
l Trades low data rate for long range & battery life
l LoRaWAN is high-capacity cellular network protocol
& topology, based on gateways & network servers
l Driven by an open Alliance and a complex but strong
eco-system of partner companies
l Cloud emphasis makes this a pure IoT technology
l Existing market is M2M, based on 2G modems
l Direct competition with other LPWAN such as SigFox
119
What is LoRaTM Technology?
LoRa™ Modulation LoRaWAN™ Protocol
120
0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Rate (DR)
LoRa® Modulation FSK Modulation
125 250 -- Bandwidth (BW) (kHz)
50K
10937
Bitrate (BR) (bps)
5468
3125
1757
-120
976 -123 -122
292 537 -126
-132
-129 Receive Sensitivity (dBm)
-137 -135
Range
121
LoRaWAN: Adaptive Data Rate
2D case, flat landscape
2D simulation (flat environment)
14km 10km 8km 6km 4km
i r
a
e on
a t e
itr Ti m
B &
rgy
n e
E
Avg bitrate ~1300bps
530 970
290bps
SF12 11 10 9 8 7
122
Technology Comparison: IoT
Sigfox
Technology 802.11ah WLAN ZigBee LTEM
& other UNB
LoRa®
Sensitivity -106 dBm -92 dBm -100 dBm -117 dBm -126 dBm -136 dBm
Link Budget 126 dB 112 dB 108 dB 147 dB 146 dB 150 dB
Range O: 700m O: 200m O: 150m 2km urban 2km urban 5km urban
(I=Indoor, O=Outdoor) I: 100m I: 30m I: 30m 20km rural 20km rural 15km rural
300 bps
Data rate 100 kbps 6 Mbps 250 kbps 1 Mbps 600 bps
to 10 kbps
Tx current 300 mA 350 mA 35 mA 800 mA 120 mA 39 - 124 mA
consumption 20 dBm 20 dBm 8 dBm 30 dBm 20 dBm 14 - 20 dBm
Standby current NC NC 0.003mA 3.5mA 0.001mA 0.001mA
RX current 50 mA 70 mA 26 mA 50 mA 10mA 14 mA
Battery ife
18 months 90 months 105 months
2000mAh
Localization no <1m no 200m no 10m
Interference
moderate moderate bad moderate bad good
Immunity
123
Existing Cellular Infrastructure:
Not Designed for M2M / IoT
l A Well established & mature

market
l Dominated by 2G modules
with 3G & 4G emerging for
higher data rate apps
l Large operators manage volumes of
10’s of millions (not billions) of M2M subscriptions
l Networks are complex and expensive, having

evolved from roots in circuit-switched voice services
l Price erosion is complete, future reductions will be minimal
l Severely limited by power consumption, months not years
l Ubiquitous, with global coverage by public networks
124
LoRa™ Alliance EcoSystem
Strong presence of Telcos
Network Public Network
End Nodes Gateway Server Operator
LORIOT.io
125
3rd Party Tools
Coming Soon!
l Arduino Sheild
l Xbee Adapter
l Clicker Board
126
Introducing RN2483-I/RM
EU LoRaWAN™ Modem
Key Features
• LoRaWANv1.0 Class-A “Golden Unit” Stack
• Dual-band 434 & 868MHz, external antenna
• Integrated filtering and matching circuits
• I/O Expansion: 6x analog, 6x digital, UART, I2C
• Compact size: 27 x 18 x 3 mm
• European R&TTE Certifications
Complete Solution! Development Tools

• Integrates LoRa™ Radio, PIC MCU • PICtail for Microchip MCU kits
& LoRaWAN Stack • Mote for portable testing
• Pre-tested against all major • Both support USB Interface
LoRaWAN gateways & servers
• Example Code available
• Simple ASCII Command Set
• Optimized for Embedded Designs
• Quick Time-to-Market
• IEEE globally unique address included
127
Introducing RN2483
EU Modem Block Diagram
128
RN2483 EU Modem
Key Features
129
LoRaWAN™:
Long Battery Life
Typ. 38mA
Typ.
@+14dBm Typ.
1.6uA
14.2mA
Tx Packet 1 second
End device sleeps Rx slot 1 Rx slot 2

End Device
1 second
5 Symbols:
§ Rx slots 1 & 2 are optional for ACK or Downlink 5.1 ms @ SF7
10.2 ms @ SF8
§ Fast Rx sync means unused Rx slots are closed …
quickly, using negligible energy compared to Tx 164 ms SF12
130
LoRaWAN™:
Long Battery Life
l Assumptions:
l 24 transactions / day
l Sleep current ~1.6uA (including the MCU)
l MCU is mostly Off during Tx
l ACK not used
l The energy usage of the 2 unused Rx windows is negligible (<1%)
l Pout = +14 dBm, IDDTX = 38 mA
Tx Payload 290 bps 1 kbps 5.4 kbps

size (Bytes) SF12 SF10 SF7
4 ~7.3 uA ~3.1 uA ~1.9 uA
16 ~11.4 uA ~4.1 uA ~2.0 uA
32 ~16.8 uA ~5.5 uA ~2.3 uA
l Typical solution using a 16 byte payload and mostly SF10

needs only 360mAh battery for 10 year autonomy
131
LoRaWAN™:
End-to-end Security
Secure Payload Data - AES128 AppsKey
Customer Customer
Node App Server App
UART Data
base
Parser Logical connection - AES128 NwksKey
MCHP Modem
LoRaWAN LoRaWAN
Slave Master
Radio driver Server IF
SPI
LoRa Radio
Gateway
Packet Forwarder
Coax TCP/IP
SPI UART
Network
Concentrator GPS Controller
LoRa® Node Coax PPS CLOUD
132
LoRaWAN™:
Simple Commissioning
l “No touch” out-of-the-box commissioning
l Two activation methods available:
l ABP l OTAA
l Activation-By-Personalization l Over-the-Air Activation
l Shared keys stored at production l Based on Globally Unique ID
l Locked to a specific network l Flexible Channel Plan
133
Supports Private Networks
Scalable & Flexible Architecture
q Private Network
q Individually managed deployment, total end-to-end ownership
q Public Network
q Telco operator managed networks, servicing subscriber nodes
q Hybrid Network
q Enterprise deployment of Nodes & Gateways, for specific area coverage
q Provisioned to a commercial LoRaWAN server product
End Devices Own Network Software / Servers
Products with Microchip LoRaWANTM LoRaWAN

LoRaWANTM Modem Gateways Network Server
134
q Private Network
q Public Network
q Hybrid Network
End Node Subscribers Telco Operator

135
q Private Network
q Public Network
q Hybrid Network
End Devices connect to own gateways Managed Back-end

136
Case Study:
Senet (USA)
l A single business case was enough to justify building a
nationwide private LoRaWAN™ network
l Heating fuel (propane) delivery to residential properties
l Previously inefficient – were filling cautiously when still 50% full
l Adding cloud-connected level sensor reduces 2 to 3 deliveries / year
l Also creates customer interaction, fuel level data is viewable online
l Looked at cellular (too power hungry) and WiFi (intrusive to
customer’s network) but found LoRaWAN to be the best solution
l Once established, Senet is able to open this LoRaWAN

network as a public service
l Multi-tenant business model further improves revenue and ROI
l Expands network, improves density & capacity
l ‘Almost instant’ availability of a public network
137
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LoRaWAN 101 Class v2 MARCOM 1

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LoRaWAN™ 101 Class

Getting Up and Running

l At the end of this class, the student will

l Internet of Things ( IoT )

l Internet of Things ( IoT )

l Loosely defined paradigm

Personal Area Local Area Wide Area

Bluetooth® Wi-Fi® Cellular (2G, 3G, 4G-LTE)

Monitoring / Control Smart Agriculture Smart City

l Internet of Things ( IoT )

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol

l Proprietary Spread Spectrum Technology

l Spreading Factor (SF)

0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 Data Rate (DR)

Longest Distance on LoRa® Modulation

Highest Bit Rate on LoRa® Modulation

Highest Bit Rate on GFSK Modulation

0 1 2 3 4 Data Rate (DR)

12500 Bitrate (BR) (bps)

Longest Distance on LoRa® Modulation

Highest Bit Rate on LoRa® Modulation

l License free Sub-GHz Frequencies

l License free Sub-GHz Frequencies

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol

l Low Power Wide Area Network (LPWAN)

Advanced Network Topology

* May physically be one

Advanced Network Topology

Advanced Network Topology

End-Devices Physical Topology

Advanced Network Topology

End-Devices Physical Topology

Advanced Network Topology

Host MCU Wireless Module

l Interface the LoRaWAN RF Network to LoRaWAN

l Network Server authenticates data

Gateways Network Application

Logical Data Flow (Programmer’s Model)

End-device to/from Network Server

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol

l Each end-device class has different

l Battery Powered – Class A

l Battery Powered – Class A

l Low Latency – Class B

l Low Latency – Class B

Transmit RX2 RX1 RX2

Extends RX2 until next TX

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol

l Before an end-device can communicate on the

Let’s look at each of these in detail…

l To exchange this information, two activation

l End-device receives Join Accept from application

l No over the air handshaking

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol

Network Session Key (NwkSKey)

Data Application Session Key (AppSKey) Data

l Network Server authenticates Application Data

l Network Server cannot decrypt Application Data

l LoRaWAN™ Network Protocol

End-Device Data Message does

Let’s look at an example…

1. Electric meter transmits data