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Printed in Great Britain. All rights reserved Copyright @ 1988 Pergamon Press plc
AWAD R. MANSOUR
Chemical Engineering Department, Jordan University of Science & Technology, Irbid, Jordan
INTRODUCTION
Several workers have used different equations of state to evaluate the behavior of real gases
over a wide range of conditions (Refs. l-6). Matsunaga et al (Ref. 10) have recently used the
virial equation of state and compared their results with the measured properties for air. A more
detailed study, using experimental results for real gases together with a recently developed
equation of state to predict the properties of these gases, is need for gas-turbine calculations.
FORMULATION
A widely accepted equation of state is the one proposed by Peng and Robinson (PR) (Refs.
4-6). A modified form of the Peng-Robinson equation was proposed by Mansour and Najjar
in 1987 (Ref. 9), and was shown to be more accurate than the original PR equation for
predicting the P-V-T behavior of real gases.
The modified equation has the form
U= C 2 X$j( 1- S,)aiCZif,
(9)
1 j
b = Cxibi. (10)
I
The values of Ui and bi are given by PR.
691
The enthalpy and entropy departures for the mixture are given by the following equations
Enthalpy and entropy departures are evaluated numerically by substituting the values of P and
(SP/ST), from Eq. (1) into Eqs. (11) and (12), respectively. Details are given in Ref. 8. The
specific heat departure is
C p,dep,mix =Ah dep,mixIAr (13)
The equations developed by Matsunaga et al” for mixture density, viscosity departure, and
thermal conductivity are used here. The mixture density is defined as
Pmix= Mm,PIRT. (14)
EXPERIMENTAL PROCEDURE
An Orsat analysis was performed’ to find the composition of the combustion gases (other
than water vapor) produced in the gas-turbine engine on a dry basis. The results are given in
Table 1. The exact mole fractions are given in Table 2.
The stoichiometric equation used is
Test co
CO2 02 N2
3.0 297 0.951 0.0526 1.498 343 3.33 0.1365 0.0515 0.0075 1.583 0.00533
7.0 300 0.939 0.1232 1.513 364 7.59 0.2756 0.1044 0.0111 3.028 0.01009
10.0 304 0.948 0.1761 1.534 373 10.80 0.4318 0.1645 0.0149 4.130 0.01359
12.0 308 0.956 0.2113 1.554 379 12.90 0.5184 0.1980 0.0181 4.818 0.01564
Fig. 1. Variation of enthalpy and entropy of combustion gases with temperature for various pressures
using Eq. (1).
16 t’s
ill /’ 10
h
P =
II\/' / P=12
Fig. 2. Variation of specific heat and density of combustion gases with temperature according to
Eq. (I)
694 AWAD R. MANSOUR
Fig. 3. Variation of viscosity and thermal conductivity of combustion gases with temperature using
Eq. (1).
This ratio is close to the experimental value 18.2 obtained from gas-turbine tests. The
properties of the exhausted gas mixture components are shown in Table 3.
The facility used in our experimental work is detailed elsewhere (Ref. 8). Table 4 shows
values obtained for the temperature and specific volume of the mixture at different operating
pressures, ranging from 0.3 to 1.2 MPa. The actual experimental pressures were 2.7, 6.3, 9.0,
and 10.8 atm since the corresponding temperatures were lower than expected and some of the
water vapor condensed.
Values of thermal properties computed by using generalized charts as presented in Figs. l-7.
2.0-
P-10 atm
Fig. 4. Variation of enthalpy and entropy of combustion gases with temperature for ideal, v&al, and
present equations at 10 atm.
Virial
Eq.l
Experimental
10 r
i
*,
L-X_-
-.
Eq. 1
Experimental
I --
03 06 09 12 (P(MPa)
Fig. 5. Comparison of enthalpy and entropy values predicted by Eq. (1) and virial equation with
experimental results.
7 1
z -- -a
-uII- I_---_- _-_ -; --_
-10
N
^
cc
P
--__
Figure 1 shows the variations of enthalpy and entropy with temperature for different
pressures. Figure 2 shows the variations of specific heat and density with temperature for
various pressures. Figure 3 demonstrates the variations of thermal conductivity and viscosity of
the mixtures with temperature at different pressures. Figure 4 illustrates a comparison between
the proposed equation of state and the ideal gas and virial equations of state for predictions of
enthalpy and entropy at different temperatures and a pressure of 10 atm. Figure 5 shows that
the proposed equation of state predicts the experimental values of enthalpy and entropy more
accurately than the virial equation of state. Figure 6 shows that the specific heats and
compressibilities obtained from our equations are much closer to the experimental values than
those derived from the virial equation. Similar conclusions apply to the mixture densities of
Fig. 7, which shows maximum deviations from the measurements of 8%. Thermal conductivites
and viscosities are much more strongly affected by temperature than by pressure and,
therefore, remain close to the ideal gas-values.
REFERENCES
1. R. C. Reid, J. M. Prausnitz, and T. K. Sherwood, The Properties of Gases and Liquids, 3rd ed.,
McGraw-Hill, New York, NY (1977).
2. R. S. Brokaw, Ind. Engng Chem. Des. Dev. 8, 240 (1969).
3. N. L. P. Blanco, “Computer Solution of the SRK Equation,” M.Sc. Thesis, University of Tulsa, OK
(1978).
4. D. Y. Peng and D. B. Robinson, Znd. Engng Chem. Fundam. 15,59 (1976).
5. D. Y. Peng and D. B. Robinson, A.Z. Ch. E. Jl23, 137 (1977).
6. D. Y. Peng and D. B. Robinson, RR-28 Project, P. 75A (1978).
7. A. R. Mansour, Internal Report, Yarmouk University, Jordan (1987).
8. A. R. Mansour and Y. S. Najjar, .I. Cornbust. Sci. Technol. 56, 77 (1987).
9. A. R. Mansour and Y. S. Najjar, A.I.Ch. E. Energy Prog. 7, 183 (1987).
10. N. Matsunaga, T. Hoshino, and A. Nagashima, Int. Gas Turbine Congress, Tokyo, Paper No. 83,
ICTC-41 (1983).
NOMENCLATURE