Part 1 - Quantum Field with Time as a Dynamical Variable

Hou Yau
FDNL Research, USA (email: hyau@fdnresearch.us)

A Fundamental Question to II. Hamiltonian Density II. Hamiltonian Density (cont.) IV. Field Quantization
Consider Let us investigate the properties of a system in a
s
m −iω0t For a many-particle system,
+
ϕ0 = T0 e , (10) 2 ∗
In classical theory, the amplitude of a wave with cube with volume V that can have multiple parti- 2V ω0 T0 T0 = n. (17)
vibrations in space is well defined. Since mat- cles with mass m vibrating in time. We make the s
m iω0t
− ∗ Taking the point mass as a particle(antiparticle)
ter can have vibrations in space, can it also has following ansätze ϕ0 = T0 e . (11)
2V with de Broglie’s mass/energy (m = ω0),
m + m i(k·x−ωt)
s s
vibrations in time, if space and time are to be +
ϕ = ω0 ζ = T0 e , (6) ± ± nω0
2V 2V Matter inside this plane wave ϕ0
has vibrations in H0 = . (18)
treated on the same footing? In fact, we can in V
m − ∗ m −i(k·x−ωt) proper time only, i.e. |k| = 0. The Hamiltonian
s s
theory construct a plane wave with vibrations in −
ϕ = ω0 ζ = T0 e . (7) The energy in the plane wave with proper time os-
time. Can this wave have something to do with 2V 2V density is cillations is quantized with n = 0, 1, 2, ... Instead
2 ∗
± mω 0 T0 T0 ± ±
our real physical world? ±
The plane wave ϕ satisfies the equation of motion: H0 = . (12) of considering ϕ , let us consider a plane wave ϕn
V which is normalized in volume V when n = 1,
u ± 2 ±
∂u∂ ϕ + ω0 ϕ = 0. (8)
The energy inside volume V is E = mω02T0∗T0 of a ϕ± = γ −1/2 ±
ϕ , (19)
The corresponding Hamiltonian density is n
I. Vibrations in Time simple harmonic oscillating system in proper time. 2 −1/2 ±
± ±∗ ± ±∗ ± 2 ±∗ ± where γ = (1 − |v| ) = ω/ω0. Replace ϕ with
H = (∂0ϕ )(∂0ϕ )+(∇ϕ )·(∇ϕ )+ω0 ϕ ϕ . Energy E shall correspond to certain energy intrinsic
Consider the background coordinates (t, x) for the ϕ±
n in Eq. (9),
(9) to matter. However, we have only consider matter nω
flat space-time as observed in an inertial frame O. The energy for a plane wave with vibrations of mat- with mass m in this simple harmonic oscillating sys- Hn± = γH0±
= . (20)
Assume there exists a plane wave with matter that V
ter in proper time is of special importance in our tem with no other force field. Here, we will consider The energy in this plane wave is quantized with n
has vibrations in time relative to the background study: this energy as the internal energy of mass. particles (antiparticles) in volume V . We can obtain
coordinate time, t. We will define a plane wave’s
a real scalar field by superposition of plane waves,
amplitude for vibration in time, T , as the maxi- −
Key Results +
X
mum difference between the time of matter inside ϕ(x) = ϕnk(x) + ϕnk(x) (21)
k
the wave, tf , and the external time, t. Therefore, Allowing matter to have an additional degree of freedom to vibrate in time, we show =
X
(2V ω) −1/2
(ω0T0ke −ikx
+ ∗ ikx
ω0T0ke ).
if matter inside the plane wave carries a clock mea- that such system has the same properties of a bosonic field. The temporal vibrations k
suring its internal time, an inertial observer outside (22)
are physical quantities introduced to restore symmetry between time and space in the
will see the matter’s clock running at a different rate. matter field. The spacetime outside a particle with oscillation in time also satisfies the It satisfies the Klein-Gordon equation. The tran-
The vibrations of matter in time can be written as Schwarzschild field solution as shown in Part 2 of this poster. sition to quantum field can be done via canonical
tf = t + T sin(k · x − ωt) = t + +
Re(ζt ), (1) quantization with ak = ω0T0k as the annihilation
† †
operator and ak = ω0T0k as the creation opera-
ζt+ = −iT ei(k·x−ωt) (2) 2 †
tor. Nk = ω0 T0kT0k is a particle number oper-
2
ω = 2
ω0 2
+ |k| . (3) III. Proper Time Oscillator III. Proper Time Oscillator (cont.) ator. Therefore, the real scalar field has
the same properties of a bosonic field. Al-
We can further define a plane wave Taking the energy of the harmonic oscillator as the The internal time rate is though not shown in here, it is straight for-
T0 i(k·x−ωt) +
+ internal mass-energy of matter, it can only be ob- ∂ t̊f ward to show in non-relativistic limit that
ζ = e , (4) = 1 − cos(ω0t). (16)
ω0 served as the energy of mass m which is on shell. ∂t the system satisfies Schrodinger equation
such that, For a single particle system, The average time rate is 1 bounded between 0 and and has the properties of a quantum wave.
+ +
ζt = ∂0ζ . (5) E = m = mω02T0∗T0, (13) 2 which is positive. The internal clock of this point
mass moves only in the forward direction. Such par-
T0 = (ω0/ω)T is the amplitude for a plane wave or Experimenting with Neutrino?
2 ∗ ticle travels along a time-like geodesic when averaged
with matter vibrating in proper time. Therefore, ω0 T0 T0 = 1. (14)
over time. Neutrino is the lightest known elementary parti-
the vibrations of matter in time of a plane wave can +
On the other hand, plane wave ϕ0 with a particle
+ Therefore, a particle with mass m has oscillation cle. The neutrino oscillation length is in the oder
also be described by ζ . traveling forward in time is mathematically equiva-
in proper time with amplitude |T̊0| = 1/ω0. The of kilometer. The energy in experiments are in
amplitude of this oscillation is unique. The internal lent to plane wave ϕ− 0 with a particle traveling back- the order of GeV. Neutrino can be an interesting
−
+
time t̊f of the point mass’s internal clock is: ward in time. Plane wave ϕ0 describes antiparticles. candidate that can be used to study the possible
Poster Parts 1 and 2 to be presented at sin(ω0t) effects of the temporal oscillation.
+
the Towards Ultimate Quantum Theory t̊f (t) = t − . (15)
ω0
Conference at Vaxjo, Sweden 2018