Induction Motor Protection System

ABSTRACT

The project is designed to protect an induction motor from single phasing

and over temperature. Providing a protection system is very important in

industries, using lot of motors such that production is not hampered owing to

failure of any motor.

The basic idea for the development of this project is to provide safety to

the industrial motor/pump/lift Motor etc. If any of the phases, out of the 3 phases

is missing or if the temperature of the motor during operation exceeds the

threshold value, motor stops immediately. The system uses a 3-Phase power

supply where three single phase transformers are connected to it. If any of the

phases is not available the corresponding transformer stops supplying power to

the circuit. This leads to one of the four relays getting switched OFF. The main

relay which is powered through a set of four relays gets disconnected because of

one relay not being powered. Thus the main relay that delivers 3 phase supply to

the motor gets disconnected. A thermistor is connected to the motor body to

sense the temperature. If the temperature increases then supply to the fourth

relay is disconnected.
 Further the project can be enhanced by using current sensors for over load

protection and phase sequence sensor for protecting the motor from applying

wrong phase sequence.

Induction
Induction motor (asynchronous motor) is the most commonly used motor in
various applications. Because, these motors frequently run at a lower speed
than synchronous speed (the speed of the magnetic field which is rotating in
the stator). The types of Induction motors available in the market are classified
based on the kind of input supply like single phase induction motor, 3-phase
induction motors, split phase induction motor, capacitor run induction motor,
capacitor start induction motor, and shaded pole induction motor. And also
based on the rotor type 3-phase induction motors are classified into 2-types
namely wound type, squirrel cage motor and slip ring motor.

Working Principle of Induction Motor

In a DC motor, supply is necessary to be given for the windings of rotor well
as the stator. But in this motor only an AC supply is fed with the stator
winding. Alternating flux is created around the stator winding because of the
AC supply. This spins with synchronous speed is named as Rotating Magnetic
Field (RMF). An induced e.m.f can be caused by the relative speeds between
rotor conductors & stator RMF. According to the law of Faraday’s
electromagnetic induction, the rotor conductors are short circuited, and
afterward it is produced because of an induced e.m.f. So this is the reason to
call these motors as induction motors.

Induction Motor Working Principle

Now the induced current in the rotor will also make an alternating flux around
it. According to Lenz’s law, the induced rotor current direction will tend to
resist the cause of its production.
Induction Motor Protection System

The basic idea of this project is to give safety to the Induction Motor. If any of
the phases, out of the 3-phases is misplaced and also if the motor’s
temperature during process surpasses the set value, the supply to the
induction motor is cut-off instantly. This project is supplied with a 3-phase
power i.e., the 3-transformers are connected to the 3-phases supply.

The hardware requirements of this project include op-amps, resistors,

capacitors, diodes, thermistor, transformers, regulator and relays.

Induction Motor Protection System Block Diagram

Power Supply

At first, a step down transformer is used to convert the 230V AC to 12V then
changes to DC using a bridge rectifier. A capacitor is used to filter out the AC
ripples and given to the input voltage regulator 7805.At the regulator’s output
we get a constant 5V DC which is used for ICs used in this project. A blocking
diode is connected to take the pulsating waveform.

Thermistor

A thermistor is a one kind of resistor whose resistance changes radically with

temperature. The term thermistor is a portmanteau of thermal and resistor.
Thermistors are extensively used as temperature sensors, inrush current
limiters, self-regulating heating elements, and self-resetting over current
protectors.

Thermistor
Comparator

 Comparators look much related to operational amplifiers but, it gives a

logic output indicating the relative potentials on its two inputs. An op-
amp amplifies the differential voltage between its two i/ps and is
designed at all times to be used in closed-loop applications.
 Potential dividers are allied to the inputs of the inverting and non
inverting terminals of an op-amp to give some voltage. Voltage supply is
given to +V & –V is connected to GND terminal.
 The comparator’s output will be logic high if the input of the non-
inverting terminal is superior to the inverting terminal i/p of the
comparator.
 If the input of the inverting terminal is larger than the input of the non-
inverting terminal then the comparator’s output will be logic low.

Relay

A relay is an electrically functioned switch, the flow of current through the

relay’s coil creates a magnetic field which attracts a switch and alters the
switch contacts. The coil current can be on/off so relays have two switch
locations and have double throw switch contacts as shown in the diagram.
 Relay

Relays let one circuit to button a second circuit which can be totally divided
from the first. For instance a low voltage battery circuit can employ a relay to
switch a 230V AC mains circuit. There is no electrical connection in the relay
between the two circuits; the connection is magnetic & mechanical. To make
relay through microcontroller, a ULN2003 relay driver IC is used.

Project Description

The praposed system is intended to protect an induction motor from over

temperature and single phasing. A protection system using lot of motors for
the production is very significant in industries.

The basic plan for designing of this project is to offer safety to themotor in
industries. If the temperature of the motor during process surpasses the
threshold value, motor stops without delay.
Induction Motor Protection System Project kit

The system uses a 3-Phase power supply where 3-single phase transformers
are linked to it. If any of the phases is not accessible the equivalent
transformer ends supplying power to the circuit. This directs to one of the 4-
relays getting switched OFF.

The major relay is powered through a set of 4-relays gets detached because
of one relay not being power-driven. Thus the main relay delivers 3-phase
supply to the motor gets disconnected. A thermistor is connected to the
induction motor body to sense the temperature. If the temperature rises then
supply to the 4th relay is disconnected.
Further this project can be developed by using current sensors to protect from
the over load and phase sequence sensor to protect the motor from applying
wrong phase sequence.

Thus, this is all about induction motor protection system. We hope that you
have got a better understanding of this concept.Furthermore, any doubts
regarding this concept or to implement any electrical projects, please give
your valuable suggestions by commenting in the comment section below.

7. References

[1]. Malik Abadulrazzaq Alsaedi. ―Fault Diagnosis of Three-Phase Induction

Motor: A Review‖. Optics. Special Issue: Applied Optics and Signal
Processing. Vol.4,o.1-1,2015,pp.1-8.doi:10.11648/j.optics.s.2015 040101.11

[2]. Ms. Patil Smita Jaywant, Mr. Patil Sachin sambhaji and Ms.Patil Pragati
Deepak ―Fault Detection and Correction of 3-phase Induction Motor‖.
International Journal of Advanced Research in Electronics and
Communication Engineering (IJARECE) Volume 3, Issue 8, August 2014.

[3]. Sumit Narwade, Prasad Kulkarni and C.Y.Patil ―Fault Detection of

Induction Motor UsingCurrent and Vibration Monitoring‖. International Journal
of Advanced Computer Volume-3 Number-4 Issue-13 December-2013.

[4]. Ramazan Bayindir, Ibrahim Sefa, Ilhami Colak and Askin Bektas ―Fault
Detection and Protection of Induction Motors Using Sensors‖. IEEE
Transactions on Energy Conversion,Vol. 23, No. 3,

September 2008