HIV/AIDS

 
PIE, PETCH AND PUN
CAUSE
It is the virus that infect organ and cell of human immune system. HIV attack T-
cell, which is type of white blood cell and copy itself by use them. If HIV destroy
too much cell in your body it will become AIDS.

It can spread by:

Having Sex (without protecting)

Blood transmission
Pregnancy, breastfeeding
Sharing needles
HISTORY
In 1900s, chimpanzees spread HIV/AIDS to humans.
Scientist believe that Simian Immunodeficiency Virus (SIV),
a disease from the chimps which similar as HIV virus that
attacks the immune system of monkeys and apes.
Chimp eat a smaller species of monkey cause the two
strains of SIV. These two strains likely combined to form
SIVcpz, which can spread between chimpanzees and
humans.
HIV/AIDS spread to human through the chimps’ infected
blood got into the cuts or wounds of hunters.
HISTORY
Before 1980s, 100,000-300,000 people were infected with HIV.
By 1984, they found that females could get HIV through sex and there
were 3,064 people infected with AIDS in US. HIV discovered as cause of
AIDS
In 1997, HAART, highly active antiretroviral therapy treatment, causes the
47 percent decline in death rates.
In 1987-2010, some countries started banning travelers with HIV
In 1985-2015, banned on blood donation from men who have sex with
men.
In 2012 to now, FDA approves PrEP which reduces risk of HIV by more
than 90% but there still no vaccine available. Death rate dropped 80%
since 1995.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
HIV is only spread through certain body
fluids from a person infected with HIV.
Fluids are blood, semen, pre-seminal fluids,
rectal fluids, vaginal fluids, and breast milk.
HIV is often spread by having unprotected
sex with or sharing injection drug
equipment, such as needles,.
HIV also spread from woman to her child
during pregnancy or breastfeeding which
called motherther-to-child transmission of
HIV.
EPIDEMIOLOGY
People can’t get HIV from casual contact like kissing, handshaking, touching,
sharing food, insect bite and toilet seat with a person infected with HIV.
 According to Chepkemoi (2017), top 5 Countries
with the Highest Rates of HIV/AIDs are (Rate of
HIV/AIDS among the population)
1. Swaziland          27.20%
2. Lesotho             25.00%
3. Botswana          21.90%
4. South Africa      18.90%
5. Namibia             13.50%

Thailand has one of the most HIV

infected in Asia and the Pacific.
Pathology
There are many signs or symptoms to show that you may have HIV

Sore throat with headache

Vomiting or nausea, diarrheas
Weight loss
Dry cough
Rapidly weight loss
Shortness of breath
Rash

But HIV test in is only thing to make sure that you have HIV
TIME SEQUENCE

Because HIV can’t cure so if you begin at first step it will continue but you can
prevent and control it.
 WHERE DOES HIV ATTRACK
HIV starts with damage immune system and T-cell, which is type of white blood cell.
Their effects also affect other organs in body:

Kidney damage (kidney inflammation)

Brain damage (dementia, neuropathy)
Mouth problem (tongue trouble, mouth ulcers)
Balance issue
Respiratory problem ( hard to breathe)
Skin damage (rash, skin sore)
Heart problem (heart strain)
Swollen glands

Because immune system was damaged so you may get other diseases
easily.
Treatment of HIV
- HIV can’t be cure
- Can only be treat with medicines to slow progression
- Antiretrovirals (ARV)
- Antiretroviral therapy (ART) have been used since mid-1990s
- Reduces chance of transmitting HIV to partners
- U.S. Department of Health and Human Services recommend
that a person with HIV begin ART as soon as possible
- Virus sometimes mutated causing drug resistance
- HIV medicines won’t be effective and cause HIV treatment to
fail
Antiretroviral therapy (ART)
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- Difficulty sleeping
- Dry mouth
- Headache
- Rash
- Dizziness
- Fatigue
- Pain
 Socio, Politico, Economic
- Caused poverty to the individual and families
- HIV/AIDS patients take up as many as a
quarter of existing hospital beds
- World Bank approximated GDP of South Africa
reduced by 20% in 2010
- Denial of employment, government services,
school admission
- People living with this condition begin to feel
hopelessness, depression and suicidal thought.
Countries with entry restrictions
· Brunei
· Iraq
· Jordan
· Kyrgyzstan
· Oman
· Papua New Guinea
· Qatar
· Solomon Islands
· Sudan and South Sudan
· United Arab Emirates
· Yemen
Reduced labor supply

- Increased chance of death

- Loss of skills to worker
- In South Africa, 60% of workforces is predicted to fall to
10% in 15 years
Reduced labour productivity

- long period of illness

- In Kenya, government incomes decline, as tax revenues
fall, governments are forced to increase their spending to
deal with the rising of AIDS creating economic crisis
Reduced exports and increased imports

- Lower domestic productivity decrease

- Import of expensive healthcare increase
- Mining is an important factor in South Africa exports
 References
Gompf, S. G. (n.d.). What Is HIV AIDS? Statistic, Symptoms, Causes,Treatment & Risks. Retrieved May 18, 2018
from
https://www.emedicinehealth.com/hiv_transmission_and_the_history_of_hiv_aids/article_em.htm#what_causes_hiv/ai
ds

HIV/AIDS. (2018, March 02). Retrieved May 18, 2018, from http://www.who.int/gho/hiv/en/

History.com Staff. (2017). History of AIDS. Retrieved May 21, 2018, from https://www.history.com/topics/history-of-
aids

What are the Important Effects of HIV on The Body? (2018, March 17). Retrieved May 18, 2018, from
https://www.lalpathlabs.com/blog/the-effects-of-hiv-on-the-body//

Brown, A. F. (2017, August 14). Social Effects of HIV & AIDS. Retrieved May 21, 2018, from
https://www.livestrong.com/article/19464-social-effect-hiv-aids/

Content Source: HIV.gov Date last updated: May 15, 2017. (2018, February 03). HIV Treatment Overview. Retrieved
May 18, 2018, from https://www.hiv.gov/hiv-basics/staying-in-hiv-care/hiv-treatment/hiv-treatment-overview