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LESSON

3.1
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ___________

Practice A
For use with pages 132–137

State the inverse operation.

1. Add 12. 2. Add !6. 3. Subtract 21.
4. Subtract !15. 5. Add !48. 6. Subtract !30.2.

Check whether the given number is a solution of the equation.

7. x ! 4 " 8; 12 8. x # 9 " 5; 4 9. x ! 12 " 9; 3
Lesson 3.1

10. 18 " x ! 7; 25 11. 13 # x " 9; !4 12. 22 " 14 # x; 8

Solve the equation.

13. x " 8 ! 12 14. x # 2 " 14 15. x ! 3 " 6
16. x ! 6 " 15 17. x # 17 " 20 18. 28 " 17 # x
19. !1 " x ! 4 20. x # 8 " 7 21. 13 " 6 # x
22. x # 4 " !7 23. 1 " 5 # x 24. 3 " !12 # x
25. x ! 3 " !10 26. !10 " !6 # x 27. !5 # x " !2

Simplify first and then solve the equation.

28. x ! !!6" " !4 # #
29. !7 # x " 13 # #
30. !12 " !9 # x
31. 6 ! 2 ! x " 10 32. x # 9 # 15 " 30 ! 12 33. !x ! !!10" " 5

In Exercises 34–37, write and solve an equation to answer the question.

34. Altitude An airplane was at a cruising alti- 35. Mountains Mt. Whitney is the highest point
tude, then descended 3000 feet. If the air- in the contiguous United States at 14,494 feet.
plane is at 21,000 feet now, what was the This is 5826 feet less than Mt. McKinley in
cruising altitude? Alaska. How high is Mt. McKinley?

5826 ft
14,494 ft
Cruising altitude

3000 ft

Mt. McKinley Mt. Whitney

36. Hiking You hiked 8.3 miles in Denali 37. Gold You spent 28 days panning for gold.
National Park which is 3 miles farther than This was 17 days less than last year. How
you hiked yesterday. How far did you hike many days did you pan for gold last year?
yesterday?

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LESSON

3.2
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ____________

Practice A
For use with pages 138–144

State the inverse operation.

1. Divide by 7. 2. Divide by !4. 3. Multiply by 3.
1 3
4. Multiply by !6. 5. Divide by ! . 6. Multiply by ! .
3 5

Complete the sentence.

1
7. To isolate the variable in x, multiply by ______ or divide by ______.
4
3
8. To isolate the variable in ! x, multiply by ______ or divide by ______.
5
x
9. To isolate the variable in , multiply by ______ or divide by ______.
2

Tell whether the equations are equivalent.

10. 3x " 24 and x " 8 11. !12x " !3 and x " 4
x 2
Lesson 3.2

12. " 30 and x " 5 13. x " !8 and x " !12

6 3

Solve the equation.

14. 4x " 12 15. !5x " 40 16. !32 " 16x
1
17. !3x " !18 18. 5 " x 19. 7 " 35x
4
3 1
20. !6 " x 21. 3 " !9x 22. !x "
4 2
1 x x
23. ! x " !6 24. "5 25. !15 "
2 !4 !2
x 1 x 2 4
26. " 27. "1 28. ! x "
3 6 !3 3 9

In Exercises 29 and 30, write and solve an equation to answer the question.
29. Dimensions of a Banner You are working 30. Running Laps In gym class you have to run
on a banner for Friday’s pep rally. The 112 miles on the track. One lap is 14 mile. How
length of the banner is 4 times the width. many laps do you need to run?
The length is 12 feet. What is the width? 1
mile
4

12 ft

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LESSON

3.3
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ___________

Practice A
For use with pages 145–152

Check whether the given number is a solution of the equation.

1. 5x $ 3 ! 28; 5 2. 6x " 4 ! $2; $1 3. 4!x $ 3" ! $16; $1
x 1
4. " 6 ! $12; $24 5. 7 $ 2x ! 13; $3 6. x $ 8 ! $7; $4
4 4

State the first step in solving the equation.

7. 5x " 9 ! 24 8. 3x $ 5 ! 22 9. 42 ! 6 " 9x
10. 2!3x $ 4" ! 29 11. 33 ! 3x " 8x 12. 8 $ 2x ! 10

Solve the equation.

13. 3x " 8 ! 32 14. 5x $ 4 ! 21 15. 2x " 3 ! 11
16. 3x $ 1 ! 8 17. 5x $ 20 ! 5 18. 2x " 5 ! $2
1 2 2 2
19. $4 ! x " 3 20. x " 11 ! 7 21. x$ !0
2 3 3 3

Solve the equation by simplifying both sides and then using trans-
formations to isolate the variable.
22. 2x " 3x ! 5 23. 10x $ 3x ! 20 " 1 24. 2!x $ 4" ! 2
1 2 1
25. !x " 6" ! 1 26. 4 ! x " 9 " x 27. 14 ! $2!4x " 5"
3 3 3
28. 17 ! 2!2x " 9" 29. 5x $ 8x ! 18 30. 2!x " 5" " 3x ! 0

In Exercises 31 and 32, write and solve an equation to answer the

question.
31. Piano Keyboard
Lesson 3.3

The keyboard of a piano has seven full

octaves with 5 black keys in each octave and one extra black
key. There are a total of 88 black and white keys on a piano.
How many white keys are on a piano?
Part of a keyboard

32. Band Fundraiser Your school band needs to buy new percussion equip-
ment. The equipment will cost $2000. You have collected $800 in previous
fundraisers. If you sell sandwiches at $4 each, how many sandwiches will
you need to sell to raise the remaining funds?

Cost per Number of Money Cost of

sandwich # sandwiches sold " already raised ! equipment

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LESSON

3.4
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ___________

Practice A
For use with pages 154–159

Describe each step used in solving the equation.

1. 9x $ 4 " 7x # 8 2. $4x # 9 " 2x # 3 3. 4!2x $ 9" " 4
A. 2x $ 4 " 8 A. $4x # 6 " 2x A. 8x $ 36 " 4
B. 2x " 12 B. 6 " 6x B. 8x " 40
C. x"6 C. 1"x C. x"5

Solve the equation and describe each step you use.

4. 2x " x # 9 5. 4x $ 6 " 3x 6. $2x " $3x # 8
7. 7x " 5x # 24 8. 7x # 5 " 6x 9. 12x " 9x $ 15

Solve the equation if possible.

10. 2x # 5 " 3x 11. $2x " $4x # 20 12. 7x $ 20 " $3x
13. 7x " 4x $ 9 14. $8x $ 70 " 2x 15. 8x $ 3 " 8x
16. 3!x $ 1" " 3x $ 3 17. 2x # 3 " 4x # 5 18. $3x $ 4 " 4x # 10
1 2 1 $1
19. 8x $ 3 " 19 # 5x 20. x"7$ x 21. x#3" x
3 3 4 4

In Exercises 22–24, write and solve an equation to answer the question.

22. Dimensions of a Circular Flower Garden
A flower garden has the shape pictured
below. The diameter of the outer circle is
twice the diameter of the inner circle. The
lengths of the walkways are each 6 feet long.
What is the diameter of the inner circle?
6 ft
23. Balanced Scale On one side of a scale
there are 6 blocks, 3 weighing 2 grams each
and 3 weighing x grams each. The scale is
balanced if 5 blocks weighing x grams each
are placed on the other side of the scale.
How much does each of the unknown blocks
weigh?

6 ft x 6 ft 2x
2
x 2 x
x x x
x x 2 x
6 ft

24. Distance-Rate-Time Two cars travel the same distance. The first car travels
at a rate of 40 miles per hour and reaches its destination in t hours. The sec-
Lesson 3.4

ond car travels at a rate of 55 miles per hour and reaches its destination
3 hours earlier than the first car. How long does it take for the first car to
reach its destination?

Rate of Time for Rate of Time for

car 1 ! car 1 " car 2 ! car 2

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LESSON

3.5
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ___________

Practice A
Lesson 3.5

For use with pages 160–165

Yearbook Layout In Exercises 1–3, use House Design In Exercises 4–6, use the
the following information. following information.
A page of a school yearbook is 812 inches by 11 You are designing a house with three 3-feet-wide
inches. The left and right margins are 1 inch and windows on the back of the house. There are 4 feet
212 inches, respectively. The space between pic- between each end window and an edge of the
tures is 14 inch. How wide can each picture be to house. The width of the house is 33 feet. How far
fit 3 across the width of the page? apart should the windows be?
1. Write a verbal model for 1 4. Write a verbal model
82
this problem. for this problem.
2. Write an equation for the 5. Write an equation
model. for the model. 4 3 x 3 x 3 4
3. Solve the equation and 6. Solve the equation
answer the question. and answer the
question.

1 x1x1x 1
4 4
22

Saving and Spending In Exercises 7–10, Temperature Change In Exercises 11–14,

use the following information.
Currently, you have $60 and your sister has $135.
You decide to save $5 of your allowance each
week, while your sister decides to spend her
whole allowance plus $10 each week. How long
will it be before you have as much money as your
sister?
7. Write a verbal model for this problem.
8. Write an equation for the model.
9. Solve the equation and answer the question.
10. Copy and complete the table below using
the information from the original problem
statement.
Week 0 1 2 3 4 5
Your money
Sister’s money
use the following information.
In Detroit the temperature is 69! F and is rising at
a rate of 2! F per hour. In Atlanta the temperature
is 84! F and is falling at a rate of 3! F per hour. If
the temperatures continue to change at the same
rates, how long will it be before the temperatures
are the same?
11. Write a verbal model for this problem.
12. Write an equation for the model.
13. Solve the equation and answer the question.
14. Copy and complete the table below using
the information from the original problem
statement.
Hour 0 1 2 3 4 5
Detroit temperature
Atlanta temperature

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LESSON

3.6
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ___________

Practice A
For use with pages 166–172

Perform any indicated operation. Round the result to the nearest

tenth and then to the nearest hundredth.
1. 42.8451 2. $3.0624 3. 1.0847 # 62.5583
4. 24.0321 $ 21.8217 5. $23.981!$4.598" 6. 15.953 % 3.476

Solve the equation. Round the result to the nearest hundredth. Check
the rounded solution.

Lesson 3.6
7. 3x # 18 " 26 8. 7x $ 1 " 8 9. $2 # 4x " 13
10. 17 " 18 $ 6x 11. 8x $ 3 " $24 12. 39 " $3x # 2
13. $5x # 21 " 80 14. 21x # 3 " 121 15. 14!3 $ 7x" " 9

Solve the equation. Round the result to the nearest hundredth.

16. 2.3x # 4.8 " 9.3 17. 5.1x $ 7.2 " 1.4 18. $6.4x # 7.8 " 8.8
19. 1.85 " 3.02 # 2.51x 20. $5.89x # 7.5 " 2.18 21. 2.38x # 6.8 " 3.94x $ 3.44
22. 2!0.78 # 0.04x" " 0.01x 23. 2.7 $ 3.6x " 8.4 # 23.7x 24. 5.3 # 9.2x " 7.4x $ 8.8

25. Cutting a Rope A rope which is 10.3 centimeters x x x x

long is cut into 4 pieces of equal length. What is the
length of each piece? 10.3 cm

26. Saving Money You are saving money for the purchase of a new bike.
You have saved $78.23. The bike costs $152.95. How much more money
do you need?
Money Money Price
saved # needed " of bike

27. Track Meet The winner of the track meet had an average speed of 5 meters
per second. The second place runner had an average speed of 4.5 meters per
second. If the winner finished 2.2 seconds ahead of the second place runner,
how long did it take the winner to cross the finish line?
Rate of Time of Rate of 2nd Time of 2nd place
winner ! winner (t) " place runner !
runner !t # 2.2"

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LESSON

3.7
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ___________

Practice A
For use with pages 174–179

Solve for the indicated variable.

1. Area of a Rectangle 2. Circumference of a Circle
Solve for w: A # lw Solve for r: C # 2$ r
3. Perimeter of a Square 4. Distance-Rate-Time
Solve for s: P # 4s Solve for r: d # rt
5. Ohm’s Law 6. Volume of a Circular Cone
Solve for R: E # IR 1
Solve for h: V # $ r 2h
3

Rewrite the equation so that y is a function of x.

7. "3x ! y # 8 8. y " 2x # 15 9. y ! 7x # 4
10. 6x ! 3y # "12 11. "x # y " 12 12. 4y " 8 # 12x
1
13. 2 " y # 8x 14. y " 7 # 3x 15. 2x ! 3y " 6 # 9
2
16. "2x ! 5y " 7 # "12 17. 4x ! 2y # 8x " 5 18. 2! y ! 5" # 4x

Lesson 3.7
Rewrite the equation so that x is a function of y. Then use the
result to find x when y ! "2, "1, 0, and 1.
19. x " y # 4 20. x " 2y # "3 21. 2x ! 4y " 6 # 0

Airplane Travel In Exercises 22 and 23,
use the formula d ! rt, where d is the
distance traveled at a rate of r for time t.
22. Solve the equation for t.
23. Determine how long it will take an airplane
to travel 2000 miles if it flies 200 miles per
hour, 400 miles per hour, and 600 miles per
hour.
Savings Account In Exercises 24 and 25,
use the formula I ! Prt, where I is the
simple interest on an investment of P
dollars at an interest rate r for t years.
24. Solve the equation for r.
25. Find the interest rate r for an investment of
$1200 that earned $66 in interest for one
year.

Discounts In Exercises 26 and 27, use the relationship among the

sale price S, the list price L, and the discount rate r.
26. Solve for r in the formula S # L " rL.
27. Use the new formula to find the discount rate as a decimal and as a
percent.
a. Sale price: $40 b. Sale price: $102
List price: $50 List price: $120

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LESSON

3.8
NAME _________________________________________________________ DATE ___________

Practice A
For use with pages 180–186

Find the unit rate.

1. $2 for 5 cans of vegetables 2. $67.50 for 3 concert tickets
3. $2.39 for 10 apples 4. 14 cups of flour for 4 loaves of bread
5. 32 ounces for 4 servings 6. 144 bottles in 12 cartons

Find the average speed.

7. Fly 780 miles in 2 hours 8. Drive 1440 miles in 3 days
1
9. Walk 1.2 miles in 4 hour 10. Read 115 pages in 2.5 hours
11. Swim 3 kilometers in 40 minutes 12. Mow 6 acres in 4 hours

Write each decimal or fraction as a percent.

1 3
13. 0.2 14. 0.45 15. 16.
4 5
3 7
17. 1.38 18. 0.085 19. 20.
2 8

21. Concert Tickets A concert sold out in 6 hours. A total of 9000 tickets were
sold for the concert. At what rate did the tickets sell?
22. Snowfall The record for snowfall in a 24-hour period is 76 inches at Silver
Lake, Colorado, on April 14–15, 1921. At what rate did the snow fall on that
day? Write the answer as a mixed number.
23. Ballooning It took 86 hours for Joe Kittinger to cross the Atlantic in his
balloon, Rosie O’Grady, a distance of 3543 miles. What was the average
speed of the balloon? Round to the nearest tenth.
24. Building a Model Railroad On an N-gauge model train set, a refrigerator

Lesson 3.8
car is 4.5 inches long. An actual refrigerator car is 60 feet long. What is the
ratio of the length of the actual refrigerator car to the length of the model
refrigerator car?
25. Tipping You received $9 as a tip from customers with a bill of $56. What
percent tip did you receive?

In Exercises 26 and 27, use the information

given. Week 1 2 3 4
Number of miles 320 195 240 275
You have recorded your car mileage and gasoline use for
Number of gallons 12.4 7.3 9.6 10.7
several weeks.
26. Find the average consumption in miles per gallon
for the 4-week period.
27. Use your answer to Exercise 26 to estimate the number of miles you can
drive on 15 gallons of gasoline.

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