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GRD Journals | Global Research and Development Journal for Engineering | National Conference on Advancement in Emerging Technologies (NCAET'18)

| March 2018
e-ISSN: 2455-5703

Design and Analysis of 6-Slotted Multi-Band


Microstrip Antenna for use in Mobile
Communications
1Rajarajan.
K 2Sudarsanan. S
1,2
Department of Electronics and Communication Engineering
1,2
Meenakshi Sundararajan Engineering College Chennai, India

Abstract
In this paper, a multi - band patch antenna has been designed for mobile communication. It consis ts of 6 rectangular slots. The
antenna has been designed using FR-4 substrate (Effective Permittivity 4.3 lossy tangent 0.025). The software that is used for
design simulation and analysis is CST. Defective ground structure (DGS) has been used to improve the return loss characteristics.
The antenna radiates at 7 desirable frequencies which are: 2G (1.8 GHz), 3G (2.1 GHz), 4G (2.3 GHz), 5G (3.3 GHz), Wi - Fi (2.4
GHz and 5.9 GHz), and Wi-Max (4.2 GHz).
Keyword- Multi-Band, DGS, CST, Mobile Communication
__________________________________________________________________________________________________

I. INTRODUCTION
Thriving mobile communication technology imparts the need for compact, diverse and compatible antenna systems, a multi-band
antenna serves this need greatly. These types of antennas are preferred because of their simple design and manufacturing
procedures. This paper proposes a novel design of a multi-band antenna for mobiles. The design consists of 5 slots which are of
equal length and are equally spaced from each other. And a slot of different dimensions is etched out between first two slots.
Defective ground structure has been employed to improve the return loss minima. The DGS structure is of meander lines
configuration. The choice of material for substrate is FR-4 epoxy with a standard thickness of 1.6 mm. Feed structure is a microstrip
path line in-offset type. The obtained frequency bands are 2G, 3G, 4G, 5G (Proposed for India - 3.3 GHz), Wi-Max, Wi-Fi (2.4
GHz and 5.9 GHz). Simulation tool used is Computer Simulation Technology Studio.
The main objective of this paper is to design an antenna which operates in all the existing mobile communication
frequency bands (bands used in India only) and upcoming 5G band that has been recently allocated by the Government of India
and Telecom Regulating Authority of India.

II. ANTENNA DESIGN


The antenna consists of a patch along with the feed at the top layer, substrate at the middle and a ground plane at the bottom. The
feed, patch and the ground plane are made of copper of standard thickness 0.035mm. The dielectric constant of the substrate is 4.3.
Total area of the proposed antenna is 62.255 x 62.255.
Equations
The width of the patch is given by,

The length of the patch antenna is given by,

The effective dielectric constant is given by,

Where
c = velocity of light

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Design and Analysis of 6-Slotted Multi-Band Microstrip Antenna for use in Mobile Communications
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / NCAET - 2018 / 007)

f0 = desired frequency (1.8 GHz)


h = height of substrate
W = width of the patch
ƐR and Ɛr = dielectric constant of substrate
Ɛeff = effective dielectric constant (due to fringing fields)
The required frequency bands are obtained by etching slots and using the offset feed. The slots are arbitrarily aligned and placed
equidistant to each other. The dimensions of the 5 slots are chosen arbitrarily and studied through parametric sweep analysis. An
additional slot of slightly different dimension is introduced to obtain 3G frequency which was absent previously. The structure is
progressively designed from an initial micro strip patch antenna designed for 1.8 GHz.

A. Structure and Parameters


The dimensions of the antenna are,

The DGS structure in the ground plane,

Parameters (mm)
Lp 34.79
Wp 51.00
Lf 22.43
Wf 3.11
L 62.255
W 62.255

III. SIMULATION RESULTS


The simulated results of the Return Loss, Voltage Standing Wave Ratio (VSWR), and Radiation Pattern are shown below.

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 31


Design and Analysis of 6-Slotted Multi-Band Microstrip Antenna for use in Mobile Communications
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / NCAET - 2018 / 007)

A. Return Loss
The simulated return loss at the frequencies 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.3 GHz, 4.2 GHz and 5.2 to 5.9 GHz.

B. VSWR
The simulated VSWR values are less than 2 for the desired frequencies.

C. Radiation Pattern

Fig. 1: 1.8 GHz Fig. 2: 2.1 GHz

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Design and Analysis of 6-Slotted Multi-Band Microstrip Antenna for use in Mobile Communications
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / NCAET - 2018 / 007)

Fig. 3: 2.3 GHz Fig. 4: 2.4 GHz

Fig. 5: 3.3 GHz Fig. 6: 3.3 GHz

Fig. 7: 5 GHz Fig. 8: 5.9 GHz

All rights reserved by www.grdjournals.com 33


Design and Analysis of 6-Slotted Multi-Band Microstrip Antenna for use in Mobile Communications
(GRDJE / CONFERENCE / NCAET - 2018 / 007)

IV. CONCLUSION
In this paper, a rectangular microstrip patch antenna has been designed to provide multi band functionality across most of mobile
communication frequency bands. The 6-slotted patch along with meander line DGS provides an excellent configuration for a
mobile antenna. The desired frequencies obtained are 1.8 GHz, 2.1 GHz, 2.3 GHz, 2.4 GHz, 3.3 GHz, 4.2 GHz and 5.2 to 5.9 GHz
which have return losses of -18 dB, -12 dB, -23 dB, -15 dB, -22 dB, -25 dB and -10 to -15 dB respectively. The design is inclusive
of the upcoming 5G technology for mobiles, so that it can be relevant and applicable for the future.

REFERENCES
[1] Kalika Mehra and Anuj Jain, "Design and analysis of L-slots with rectangular slot multiband microstrip rectangular patch
antenna”, July 2017 [International Conference on computer, communications and electronics].
[2] Karn Sharma, Sunny Singh, Shuchismita Pani, Devesh Kumar and M.R.Tripathy, “Multi-band antenna with enhanced
gain for wireless applications”, May 2016 [IEEE International Conference on Recent Trends In Electronics Information
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[3] A.Pal, S.Behera and K.J.Vinoy, “Design of multi-frequency microstrip antennas using multiple rings”, April 2008 [IET
Microwaves, Antenna and Propagation].
[4] Mahmoud M.A.El-Negm Yousef and Adel B.Abdul Rehman, “Realization of multi-band antenna for WiMax and RFID by
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[5] Sunil Singh, Neelesh Agarwal, Navendu Nitin and Prof.A.K.Jaiswal, “Design considerations of microstrip patch antenna”,
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[6] Mukesh Kumar Khandelwal, Binod Kumar Kanaujia and Sachin Kumar, “Defective Ground Structure:
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propagation].
[7] Gary Breed, “An Introduction to Defective Ground Structures in Microstrip Circuits”, November 2008 [High frequency
electronics, Summit Technical Media].

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