QSM 652

COSTRUCTION TECHNOLOGY IV
ASSIGNTMENT III

NAME: MOHD. SHAZRIL BIN MOHD. AZIZ

ID NO: 2015126973
CLASS: AP2246B
 a. Discuss the design and construction of any one of the structures in 3.0 I to III .
Annotations are required by identifying at least 10 parts of the structure by using
correct terminology.
(30 marks)

1- Crown Block and Water Table

An assembly of sheaves or pulleys mounted on beams at the top of the derrick. The drilling line is
run over the sheaves down to the hoisting drum.

2.-Catline Boom and Hoist Line

A structural framework erected near the top of the derrick for lifting material,

3-Drilling Line

A wire rope hoisting line, reeved on sheaves of the crown block and travelling block.Its primary
purpose is to hoist or lower drill pipe or casing from or into a well.

4-Top Drive

The top drive rotates the drill string end bit without the use of a Kelly and rotary table.The top drive is
operated from a controle console on the rig floor.
5- Mast

A A portable derrick capable of being erected as a unit, as distinguished from a standard derrick,
which cannot be raised to a working position as a unit.

6-Monkeyboard

The derrickman's working platform. Double board, tribble board, fourable board; a monkey board
located at a height in the derrick or mast equal to two, three, or four lengths of pipe respectively.

7-Drill pipe

The heavy seamless tubing used to rotate the bit and circulate the drilling fluid. Joints of pipe 30 feet
long are coupled together with tool joints.

8-Kelly

The heavy square or hexagonal steel member suspended from the swivel through the rotary table. It
is connected to the topmost joint of drill pipe to turn the drill stem as the rotary table turns.

9-Cellar

A pit in the ground to provide additional height between the rig floor and the well head to
accommodate the installation of blowout preventers, ratholes, mouseholes, and so forth. It also
collects drainage water and other fluids for disposal.

10-Degasser

The equipment used to remove unwanted gas from a liquid, especially from drilling fluid.
Discuss with the personnel on site why the structure is chosen including its purposes,
advantages and disadvantages.

(30 marks)
Purpose:
Anchored directly into the seabed, fixed-platform rigs consist of a tall, steel structure
known as a "jacket" that rises up from the ocean to support a surface deck. The jacket
provides the rig's sturdy base and holds everything else out of the water, while the
drilling modules and crew quarters are located on the surface deck. Fixed platforms
offer stability but no mobility, and today they're primarily used to tap moderately
shallow, long-term oil deposits. They can drill about 1,500 feet below the surface, but
they're costly to build, so they usually require a large oil discovery to justify their
construction.

Advantages Disadvantages
support large deck loads costs increase exponentially with depth

may be constructed in sections & high initial & maintenance costs

transported
large field, long term production not reusable
(supports a large number of wells)
piles result in good stability steel structural members subject to
corrosion
little effect from seafloor scour

b. Investigate the 4 main problems encountered by the contractor during the

construction of the structure?
(40 mark)
critical design issues that affect the performance of a semi-submersible are: vessel
geometry, motions, capacity (variable drilling load and total variable load), construction
(system and production), stability and safety.

1- Deck load:
The desired deck load is not constant and its variation at operating draft affects the
design of supply logistics. Since, deepwater platforms are normally far from the land,
supply is a critical issue. In this regard, a design is preferred that can store more
consumables.

2- Load capacity:
The speed of the fully laden unit depends upon the load capacity at transit draft. The
smaller pontoons may remain submerged during transit resulting in low transit speed.
Though, the bigger pontoons may remain partially submerged but since their steel
weight, cost, and station-keeping forces are large they are not preferred. Furthermore,
the variable load capacity at operating draft decreases as pontoon size increases.
Hence, the optimum size of the pontoons is important. The larger pontoons have
higher cost, unfavorable motion characteristics (bigger stability columns required to
restore operating variable load reduce the natural heave period), and higher power
requirements of the dynamic positioning system.

3-Corrosion

The usual form of corrosion protection of the underwater part of the jacket as well as
the upper part of the piles in soil is by cathodic protection using sacrificial anodes. A
sacrificial anode consists of a zinc/aluminium bar cast about a steel tube and welded on
to the structures. Typically approximately 5% of the jacket weight is applied as anodes.

4- Incorrect Wave load

The wave loading of an offshore structure is usually the most important of all
environmental loadings. The forces on the structure are caused by the motion of the
water due to the waves Determination of wave forces requires the solution of ,
a) Sea state using an idealization of the wave surface profile and the wave kinematics
by wave theory.
b) Computation of the wave forces on individual members and on the total structure,
from the fluid motion.
c. Sketch the site visited and annotate the many facilities and marine structures
contracted in the port visited.
(50 marks)