PASSAGE 1

1. Michael Faraday was the first person to recognise Perkin’s ability as a student of chemistry.
Keywords: first, Michael Faraday, Perkin’s ability, chemistry
In paragraph 2, the writer indicates that "His talent and devotion to the subject were
perceived by his teacher [at the City of London school] Thomas Hall...."
So Thomas Hall was the first person to recognize Perkin’s ability in chemistry, and this
teacher encouraged Perkin to attend lectures by Faraday. "Those speeches (by Michael
Faraday) fired the young chemist’s enthusiasm further"
=>ANSWER: FALSE.

2. Michael Faraday suggested Perkin should enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry.
Keywords: should enrol
At the end of paragraph 2, the writer argues that "he later went on to attend the Royal College
of Chemistry, which he succeeded in entering in 1853, at the age of 15."
So, who advised Perkin to enrol in the Royal College of Chemistry is NOT GIVEN.
=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

3. Perkin employed August Wilhelm Hofmann as his assistant

Keywords: August Wilhelm Hofmann, employed, assistant
In paragraph 3, the writer says that "At the time of Perkin’s enrolment, the Royal
College of Chemistry was headed by the noted German chemist August Wilhelm
Hofmann. Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught Hofmann’s attention and, within two years,
he became Hoffmann’s youngest assistant."
This means Hofmann employed Perkin as his assistant. So, the statement is FALSE.
=>ANSWER: FALSE

4. Perkin was still young when he made the discovery that made him rich and famous
Keywords: young, discovery, rich and famous.
At the end of paragraph 3, the writer says that "Perkin’s scientific gifts soon caught
Hoffmann’s attention and, within two years, he became Hofmann’s youngest assistant. Not
long after that, Perkin made the scientific breakthrough that would bring him both fame and
fortune."
This means that when making the scientific discovery, Perkin was still young.
- famous (a) - fame (n)
- rich(a) - fortune (n)
- discovery - scientific breakthrough
=>ANSWER: TRUE

5. The trees from which quinine is derived grow only in South America.
Keywords: quinine, derived, only in South America
In paragraph 4, "At the time, quinine was the only viable medical treatment for malaria. The
drug is derived from the bark of the cinchona tree, native to South America."
This means that the cinchona trees originate in South America; therefore, whether they
grow only in South America is not mentioned.
=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

6. Perkin hoped to manufacture a drug from a coal tar waste product.

Keywords: drug, coal tar waste product.
In paragraph 5, the writer argues that "He (Perkin) was attempting to manufacture quinine
from aniline, an inexpensive and readily available coal tar waste product.”
So, the statement is TRUE.
- a drug ~ quinine (the only viable medical treatment for malaria)
=>ANSWER: TRUE

7. Perkin was inspired by the discoveries of the famous scientist Louis Pasteur.
Keywords: inspired, Louis Pasteur
At the end of paragraph 5, the writer indicates that "And, proving the truth of the famous
scientist Louis Pasteur’s words „chances favours only the prepared mind’, Perkin saw
the potential of his unexpected find."
So, whether Perkin was inspired by Louis Pasteur’s discoveries or not is not mentioned.
=>ANSWER: NOT GIVEN

8. Before Perkin’s discovery, with what group in society was the colour purple associated?
Keywords: what group, purple associated?
In paragraph 6, the writer argues that "Indeed, the purple colour extracted from a snail was
once so costly that in society at the time, only the rich could afford it."
So, before Perkin’s discovery, the colour purple was associated with the rich.
=>ANSWER: the rich

9. What potential did Perkin immediately understand that his new dye had?
Keywords: potential, new dye
At the end of paragraph 7, the writer says that "But perhaps the most fascinating of
all Perkin’s reactions to his find was his nearly instant recognition that the new
dye had commercial possibilities." This means that Perkin immediately understood that
his new dye had the potential of being sold commercially.
- potential=possibilities
- immediately= nearly instant
- understand = recognise (recognition(n))
=>ANSWER: commercial (possibilities)

10. What was the name finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented?
Keywords: finally, name, first colour
In paragraph 7, it is stated that his purple colour became "the world’s first synthetic
dye". In paragraph 8, the writer argues that "Perkin originally named his dye Tyrian
Purple, but it later became commonly known as mauve." This means that "mauve" was
finally used to refer to the first colour Perkin invented.
=>ANSWER: mauve

11. What was the name of the person Perkin consulted before setting up his own dye works?
Keywords: name, person
In paragraph 8, "He (Perkin) asked advice of Scottish dye works owner Robert Pullar,
who assured him that manufacturing the dye would be well worth it if the colour remained
fast and the cost was relatively low." This means that Perkin consulted Robert Pullar
before setting up his own dye works.
- consulted=asked advice
=>ANSWER: Robert Pullar
12. In what country did Perkin’s newly invented colour first become fashionable?
Keywords: country, fashionable
In paragraph 9, "Utilising the cheap and plentiful coal tar that was an almost unlimited by-
product of London’s gas street lighting, the dye works began producing the world’s first
synthetically dyed material in 1857. The company received a commercial boost from the
Empress Eugénie of France, when she decided the new colour flattered her. Very soon,
mauve was the necessary shade for all the fashionable ladies in that country (France)."
This means that Perkin’s newly invented colour first became fashionable in France.
=>ANSWER: France

13. According to the passage, which disease is now being targeted by researchers using
synthetic dyes?
Keywords: disease, researchers, using synthetic dyes
At the end of paragraph 10, the writer argues that "And, in what would have been
particularly pleasing to Perkin, their current use is in the research for a vaccine against
malaria." This means that malaria is now being targeted by researchers using synthetic dyes.
- now=current
=>ANSWER: Malaria

PASSAGE 2
1-6. Which section contains the following information?
1. An account of a national policy initiative.
Keywords: national policy initiative
In paragraph H, the writer states that "Objective 3 of the New Zealand Disability
Strategy is to” Provide the Best Education for Disabled People’ by improving education so
that all children, youth learners and adult learners will have equal opportunities to learn
and develop within their already existing school." So, this is a national policy initiative for
New Zealand.
- policy initiative=strategy
=>ANSWER: H
2. A description of a global team effort
Keywords: global team effort
In paragraph C, the writer says that "The International Institute of Noise Control Engineering
(I- INCE), on the advice of the World Health Organization, has established an international
working party, which includes New Zealand, to evaluate noise and reverberation control
for school rooms."
- a global team= an international working party
=>ANSWER: C

3. A hypothesis as to one reason behind the growth in classroom noise.

Keywords: reason, the growth, classroom noise
In paragraph B, the writer indicates that "Education researchers Nelson and Soli have
also suggested that recent trends in learning often involve collaborative interaction of
multiple minds and tools as much as individual possession of information. This all
amounts to heightened activity and
noise levels, which have the potential to be particularly serious for children experiencing
auditory function deficit."
- growth in classroom noise=heightened noise levels
=>ANSWER: B

4. a demand for suitable world-wide regulations.

Keywords: worldwide regulations
In paragraph I, the writer argues that "It is imperative that the needs of these children are
taken into account in the setting of appropriate international standards to be promulgated in
future."
- suitable = appropriate
- worldwide = international
- regulations=standards
=>ANSWER: I

5. a list of medical conditions which place some children more at risk from noise than others.
Keywords: medical conditions, more at risk
In paragraph D, the writer says that "While the detrimental effects of noise in classroom
situations are not limited to children experiencing disability, those with a disability that affects
their processing of speech and verbal communication could be extremely vulnerable. The
auditory function deficits in question include hearing impairment, autistic spectrum disorders
(ASD), and attention deficit
disorders (ADD/ADHD).
- at risk=vulnerable
=>ANSWER: D

6. the estimated proportion of children in New Zealand with auditory problems.

Keywords: proportion, auditory problems
In paragraph A, the writer indicates that "The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from
research carried out over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by
hearing loss."
- Tỷ lệ =% [percentage]
- Auditory problems = hearing loss
=>ĐÁP ÁN: A

7. For what period of time has hearing loss in schoolchildren been studied in New Zealand?
Keywords: period of time
In paragraph A, "The New Zealand Ministry of Health has found from research carried out
over two decades that 6-10% of children in that country are affected by hearing loss."
=>ANSWER: two decades

8. In addition to machinery noise, what other type of noise can upset children with autism?
Keywords: machinery, type of noise, autism
In paragraph E, the writer argues that "Autistic spectrum disorders often result in major
difficulties in comprehending verbal information and speech processing. Those experiencing
these disorders often find sounds such as crowd noise and the noise generated by machinery
painful and distressing."
- upset=find painful, distressing
=>ANSWER: crowd noise
9. What term is used to describe the hearing problems of schoolchildren which have
not been diagnosed?
Keywords: term, hearing problems, not been diagnosed
At the end of paragraph G, "It is probable that many undiagnosed children exist in the
education system with “invisible’ disabilities."
- have not been diagnosed = undiagnosed
=>ANSWER: invisible

10. What part of the New Zealand Disability Strategy aims to give schoolchildren equal
opportunities?
Keywords: New Zealand Disability Strategy, part, equal opportunities
In paragraph H, the writer says that "Objective 3 of the New Zealand Disability Strategy is
to” Provide the Best Education for Disabled People’ by improving education so that all
children, youth learners and adult learners will have equal opportunities to learn and
develop within their already existing school."
=>ANSWER: Objective 3

11-12. Which TWO are mentioned by the writer of the passage?

A. current teaching methods
B. echoing corridors
C. cooling system
D. large class sizes
E loud-voiced teachers
F. playground games
In paragraph B, the writer argues that "Modern teaching practices, the organisation of desks
in the classroom, poor classroom acoustics, and mechanical means of ventilation
such as air- conditioning units all contribute to the number of children unable to
comprehend the teacher’s voice."
- current teaching methods = modern teaching practices
- cooling system = mechanical means of ventilation (such as air-conditioning)
Obviously, options B, D, E, and F are not given in the text.
=>ANSWER: A-C
13. What is the writer’s overall purpose in writing this article?
A. to compare different methods of dealing with auditory problems
B. to provide solutions for overly noisy learning environments
C. to increase awareness of the situation of children with auditory problems
D. to promote New Zealand as a model for other countries to follow
At the beginning of the text, the writer argues that "Hearing impairment or other auditory
function deficit in young children can have a major impact on their development
of speech and communication, resulting in a detrimental effect on their ability to learn at
school. This is likely to have major consequences for the individual and the population as
a whole." Then the writer details the situation of auditory function deficit in young
children in New Zealand by discussing the reasons, consequences and solutions to this
problem. Therefore, overall, the writer’s purpose is to “increase awareness of the
situation of children with auditory problems”.
Options A, B, D do not represent the GENERAL purpose of the writer.
=>ANSWER: C