Applied Mathematics and Mechanics Published by }~ST Press,

(English Edition, Vol. 5 No. 3, Jun. 1984) .Wuhan, China

BENDING OF CORNER-SUPPORTED RECTANGULAR

PLATE UNDER CONCENTRATED LOAD*

Lin Peng-cheng ( ~r )
(Fuzhou University, Fujian)
(Received Oct. 17, 1982)

Abstract
ABSTRACT
In this paper the solution for the bending of corner-sup-
Abstract
Thepone-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
o r t e d rectangular plate under concentrated load at any point
an analytic (~/2,
solution only when the polytropic
7) of the middle line of the plate index of detonation
is given by products
means equals
of to three. In
Theaaone-dimensional
general, numerical
conception problem
analysis
called of the motion
is required.
modified this of
Insimply a rigid
paper, flyingedges
however,
supported plate under
by utilizing
and the explosive
the attack
me-"weak" has
shock
an analytic
behavior of thodsolution
the of only
reflection when the polytropic
shock in theSome
superposition. explosive index of
products,
numerical detonation
and applying
example products equals to three.
the small parameter pur-
is presented. In
general, a numerical
The solution analysis is
obtained required.
by In
this this
method paper, however,
checks very by utilizing
nicely with
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying the "weak" shock
what was obtained byinG.T. Shih [3] products,
by means and
indices of
behavior of the reflection spline finite
plate driven by various highshock
explosives
element method when ~ ~ d/2
thewith
explosive
polytropic applying
other the nearly
than but
This shows that this method
small parameter pur-
equal to three.
terbation method,
Final velocities an analytic,
of flyingisplate first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem
obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus of flying
of solution satisfactory~
plate
an driven formula
analytic by various high
with twoexplosives
parameters withofpolytropic indices
high explosive (i.e.other than but
detonation nearly and
velocity equalpolytropic
to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established. with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
I. Introduction
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
In [I], Prof. Chang Fo-van considered 1. Introduction
the bending of corner-supported rec-
tangular plate under distributed load, while in this paper, the solution for the
1. Introduction
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
bending
materials ofunder
corner-supported
intense impulsiverectangular
loading, shockplate under
synthesis of concentrated load at welding
diamonds, and explosive any point
and
Explosive
cladding
(a/2,rl)of thedriven
ofmetals. The flying-plate
middle method
line of technique
estimation
x=a/2 of the offfmds
flyor
plate itsvelocity
important use way
and the
is discussed. in the study
this itof
of raising
For behavior
are
reason theof
questions
materials
of common under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
problem is interest.
tackle-d as follows:
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal it are questions
Withininterest.
of common the bounds of rectangular plate, the derlection w must satisfy the
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
partial Under the assumptions
governingdifferential
the flow of one-dimensional
equation
field of detonation products behind plane thedetonation
flyor (Fig.andI):rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problema,m of motion a.w of flyor
a'w is to solve the following system of equations
Pc)(.x--a/2,1J--n)
a ~ ' + ~" a~'--r~u +-~-u c = - - - ~ - ~
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
in which O is flexural rigidity --ff
apof+u_~_xp
the plate,
+ au
=o,
<}(x-a/z,
--ff u-,)=<}(x-a/2)<~(u-~) =o,
au au 1
ap +u_~_xp+ y au =0,
6
is Dirac function.
au au condition
(i.0
Furthermore, it must satisfy the aS
boundary
as y1 =0,
o,o+,, a--T
o,:, . =o, (i.0
aS #,.aa s '1
p Oy
=p(p, s), =o,
a--T
LOCi" u~ay J , ' . (1.2)

8iw . 8"w ,
=p(p, ^ [ a'va O~w ]
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density,
~u pv~ .,., s),
specific entropy and aparticle
~ + ( 2 -velocity
~ ) ~ ofl:l=o
detonation products
(1.3)
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave
The solution of this problem is given by means of a conception called modified D as a boundary and the
where p, p,F S,ofuflyor
trajectory are pressure,
as anotherdensity, specific
boundary. entropy
Both and particle
are unknown; velocity of
the position of Rdetonation products
and the state para-
simply supported
respectively,
meters on it are edges
withgoverned
the andthethe
trajectory
by method
Rflow
of field I of
reflected superposition.
of shock
centralofrarefaction
detonationwavewave D as the
behind a boundary andwave
detonation the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products state para-
I meters
I . The onConSit1"tuent
it are governedParts
by theofflow field I of central
Superposition rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
Method 293
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
* C o m m u n i c a t e d by Chang Fo-van. "" 293
1410 Lin Peng-cheng

(A) A rectang-alar plate with four simply supported edges is subject to con-
centrated load at .any point (a/2,~) of the middle line x=a/2 of plate. In this
case, the bending surface is/5]:
Pc' v~ smh ?77 sinh ~ Y ' ( I + a~.cotha,. -- ~t~:/'coth a/~y'-
w, = /)zr s ,~.,,s.--~ . mSsinhu,~

- - b b t a 2

in which
mzb .,=5--!i and .tT'~
If ,cc:v then the quantity y~ must be replaced by y , and the quantity ~ by b--~
in the exp. (1.1). Therefore,
(V~Jv'~ u ~.,,~,... -'~ + Abstract
(1 --p)a,~cotha=-- ( 1 - - # ) "ct~(b--~7)
b coth a.,(b--T1)

The one-dimensional problem of (the

sinh .a,,, motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
b-- rl)
an analytic solution only when the polytropic b index
m~ of gt~/T,~
detonation products equals to three. In
9 sinha.~ sin ,-7~ s i n - (2.2)
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an( Vanalytic,
, ) v-b = - -first-order ~ o + ( 1 - - 1 ~ ) asolution
approximate ~ c o t h a ~ _is( lobtained
_ ~ t ) for the problem
rl of flying
m-I 3 ... " "

plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained
sinh a,.r/ agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters b
of high
; i n - h a T sin 2
l/l:I
explosive
sin a
(i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
DZ?I'X

(2.3)
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
Also the bending surface of the plate can be expressed by
s i n i~rr/
u Pb2
1. Introduction
,-,- i%oshbqC b 2 2 b b __ . --b- ( 2~
o

ch fl+=i:za/b.
w h iExplosive driven Tflying-plate
h i s e q u a t i otechnique
n o f b e rffmds
. , d i n g itss uimportant
rface is s a t iin
use s f i ethe
d study x ~ behavior
f o r of a/2. of
Bmaterials underweintense
y symmetry., can impulsivethe
compute loading, shock synthesis
deflections of diamonds,
and internal and explosive
component welding mom-
as bending and
cladding
ents of metals.
of the other The method
half plateof with
estimation
this of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
equation
of common interest. 2+ (1--U)~'tanh~
Under the assumptions of -one-dimensional
-_ ~V-" ...... plane 2 detonation
2 sin ira?and rigid
ictyflying plate, the normal
( V . ) . _ . -- 2blZ~~ cosh/4 ' - b - sin - b - (2.4)
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor
,)
is to solve the following system of equations
governing
(b) the flow field
Suppose theof edges
detonationu products
= O , u = b behind
5 f the
the flyor (Fig. I): plate are simply sup-
rectangular
~orted edges, while the edges x=0, x----a are modified sLmply supported edges, the
deflections along two edges x =--ff
0 , x=a =o,
are:
ap +u_~_xp+ au
( w ) . _ 0 ----"~ ' b, sin irry
au au
x-a I-i
y1
b --
=0,
in this case, the bending surface of plate is: (i.0
aS as
a--T =o,
2 p =p(p,
i~rx Drxs), iz~y

where p, p, S, u are ( Vpressure,

v ) ~-o = density,
D l ( l - - l l ) "specific
b3
-n2 V~entropy
-.~
X" and mSb~ particle
a2 2 velocity
sin
~rtx of detonation products
+ (2.6)
" (,n' ) a-
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation
m- ~,... ~ i i ~ - + b : wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the D4(1 flow - tL)~trfield
~ I of
\ ~ central
V~ rarefaction
mSb, wave behind mzx the detonation wave
(I%) , - 0 = ba- -., ,..., a z zc~ --- (2.7)
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the
m.I ~1.-.
position [
of +~
F
|.1
and
b~"
) the state ~
parameters of products
293
 Bending of Corner-Supported Rectangular Plate 1411

(V,)=., : D
( I - 2~ )-"- .=:y: , ~ b ,coshfl~--
b-,., sinhfl,
( ~l - -#u , . )
1 3+ p
~i,,--'~
b
(2.8)

(C) Suppose the edge y = O of rectangular plate is the modified simply sup-
ported edge and the other three edges are simply supported edges, the deflections
along edge y=O are:
(t~),. 0 = ~' C. sin 1 -
m.l~St...

In this case, the bending surface of plate is:

w~= c. cotha., sinh m~y 1--t~ m~YsinhmaY
=-,, , . . 2 sinhZa= a ~2 a a

(2.9)

( V , ) ,.0 = - - D .(. 1. .-.-203

.".) ' ~ ~
Abstract m~c , n ( ~3 f* i. ~ ~zotham-~-si~a-hzh~-
a.. ) sin , , , ~ (2 " 10)
m.[ S --. ~/

The one-dimensional
(V,),.~ problem of the motion
= - - D (I--#)'~" ~, ofm%..l_.(
a rigid flying
3+#plate under explosivem~x
+a.cotha.)sin attack
(2 has
ll)
an analytic solution only when the 2apolytropic s ..~,s,...
index ofstnna,~x 1~--~ products equals toa three." In
detonation
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
(V.)..o: 2D" (1in _the
p ) ~ zexplosive Pc,.cosma
behavior of the reflection shock as ~ products,
~ /b z and \-. sin i~y
- ~zapplying the small parameter(2.12)
~- pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate --,,,,'- m L ~ + is
, - ' solution -~'-obtained
J for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final (D) Suppose
velocities the plate
of flying edge obtained
y = b of agreerectangular
very well p]~ is the modified
with numerical simply sup-
results by computers. Thus
an analytic
ported edgeformula
and the with two parameters
other three edges of high
are explosive
simply (i.e. detonation
:T~orted velocity
edges, and polytropic
the deflects
index) edge
along for estimation
y = ~ of are
the velocity
: of flying plate is established.

In this case, the bending su~face 1. Introduction

of plate is:

Explosive driven
w ~ : ' flying-plate
1--,u technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
Y~' sinha.L~ 1Z-p- + a~cotha. ) sinh m z y - - rrury coshrr~y ~ sin mzx
materials under intense impulsive
2 m-~,,,... -
loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, a and aexplosivea welding
A - ~and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions (2.13)
of common interest.
( V , ) ~ . 0 = Dof (1-t~)2w
Under the assumptions '
one-dimensional .m3a,. I 3 + u
plane detonation and .rigid flying
mzx
plate, the normal
m-ll$~-,- (]
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
"(V')'=~ 2 .....a s.... ,~-,,s,... sinhZa= + o t h a . ) sin rnzx
a (2.15)

--ff
2~_ V" +a~ v~ =o,
iScosin izry
( V . ) = . . = D ( 1 - - # ) ' apa ~ +u_~_xp
m.l,s.,,m au CZ
,~_~ i2)2 sin ~ - - (2.16)
au au
y1 =0,
III. The Solution of the Problem of Corner-Supported Rectangular Plate Bending(i.0
by
aS as
Means of Superposition Method
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),
In order to satisfy the condition that the transverse forces along the free
edge y=Oi must be equal to zero, by adding up the exps. (2.2), (2.6), (2.10),
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
(2.14) and equating thblr sums to zero, we therefore obtain:
respectively, with the
_am_ trajectory
_{_3+~ R of reflected
+a.cotha,~ \ / 3shock
+~ of
.. detonation
_ a. wave
\_ 8 Da' as
V ~a boundary
b, and the
trajectory F ofsinuam
flyor ~,
as1 -another
-g boundary. Both are unknown;sJnn
\ 1--/~ theamposition
u o of~.~
R 4aand_rex
the state para-
-,Lb2 t]:2y
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion
2Pa zof flyor
r also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
---~(1~) ~ , ~ - L2 + (1 - / ~ ) a . c o t h a =
293
1412 Lin Peng-cheng

--(1--~) a=(b---Tr/) r ]sinh a ~ ( b - ~ )

b-- - sinha= " sin rt~__
2

(m=l, 3, 5, ...) (3.11

I n o r d e r to s a t i s f y the c o n d i t i o n t h a t the t r a n s v e r s e f o r c e s along the free
e d g e y = b must be equal to zero, adding up the exps. ( 2 . 3 ) , (2.7), (2,11), (2.15)
and e q u a t i n g t h e i r sums to zero, we thus o b t a i n :
a=( a,. q_ 3+~ cotha ' ~ _ _ c ~ ( 35F/z_+a.cotha~,. )
sinhZa= l--t~ / smna=~ l--~ '

8 as b~coshr 2Pa~ [2 +
(1 ~ ~/~ ~ c ~ t h~
+ ~ - b ' c-~1i ( ; : +'inzz)/=- D(1--#)2=Sn;

sinh a,.~,
- - ( l - - p ) o l c o tAbstract
h b j slnha,,, sin ,~ (m=1,3,5,...) (3.2)

In order to satisfy the transverse forces along the free edge x=a to be equal
The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
to
an zero, by solution
analytic adding only
up the
whenexps. (2.4), (2.8),
the polytropic index (2.12),
of detonation (2.16) and equating
products equals to their sums
three. In
general,
to zero, a wenumerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
then obtain:
behavior of the reflectionCOshock
Si~ \"'nin the explosive
am products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, mfirst-order
'll3t''* )T/ approximate
(]2 + m 2 solution f b z -i,-for
m-l,n,... is obtained \-= the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other +,;,)
mt ~than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
a'a s coshfl,--I 3+I' , x
an analytic formula with two parameters of high (explosive
+-4b s b, sinhfi, ..... (i.e.
fi detonation
Pa " velocity1 and polytropic
l--i~ sinh fie) = Db 4 ( 1 - - ~ ) ~ ' i ",
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
t4
2 + (1 --tz)t~etanh fl,
1. Introduction
2 "
coshfl! --- sin b ~-- (i=1,2,3,...) (3.3)
2
Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
By symmetry we can o b t a i n j u s t t h e same s e t o f e q u a t i o n s f o r edge x = 0 as t h o s e f o r
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
edge
cladding x = aof .metals.
Hence, The smethod
o l v i n g oft hestimation
e above tof h r eflyor
e s velocity
e t s o f andi n f ithe
n i t ewaysof L mraising
u l t a n eito uare
s questions
eqs. (3.1)-
( 3of. 3common
) , we can find
interest. a=, b,, c , and t h u s t h e d e f l e c t i o n s , i n t e r n a l f o r c e component
as b e n Under the assumptions
d i n g moments, e t c . of
a t one-dimensional
any p o i n t o f pplane
l a t e detonation
and i t wand
i l l rigid
be p flying
o s s i b l plate,
e to the normal con-
compute
approach ofr e asolving
centrated
the problemR of amotion
ctive forces
of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
t the corners of the plate according to the following
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
expressions: (R),.,--2])(1--a),.~( 8'w, { a~ imTtanhfl'2
,-.~ e x a u )~:~=" (1 - p ) P._-z-b ,.,. si- b :osh fl, ~os i=
--ff
ap +u_~_xp+ au
=o,
2
mzu., D[11 +/~
--(1--/~)~r* rau
.~Y"
n . ,~ 9
au
Pa z y~1--~ c ~=0, sin~-~=a" )
(i.0
aS ,ZbjDa s . coshfle--! ~ l+i, fie /
+ ( 1 - . ) = ' ~a--T- p ~ c o s , ~=o,~inh); ~i-. - s~nh~,l

p =p(p, s),
+(1--a)n: V' mZc"D ( I + P +a,cotha= )] (3.4)
,,.l'-'~,.. Pa=sinha,, ] --v
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
tanh~-t
trajectory F of flyor as
( R ) =~-o"
another boundary. Both
" = - - (1 - - u ) P - -
are unknown;
sin-~--
the position ofm'c~DX
, ~ + ( 1 - - ,,) ~' ~.
1+ state para-
R and the
"~b. I ofo"1
{ field ~oshrarefaction
2_p Po' t ] ",u. cotho=
meters on it are governed by the flow central wave behind the detonation wave
m-|tsv*-.
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position 2 of F and the state parameters of products

293
 Bending of Corner-Supported Rectangular Plate 1413

as )+(]_lz)~2~ iZb+D t l~-~, _ _ / 3 , coshfl,--I

+ s-inhZa,. ,., I'b' ~ 1--~ sinfifl, ) - sinh ~ , -

--(l--p)m X.~ 'n~a,D ( l + ~

..,,,~... Pa~-sinha= x I - - ~ +a.coth a. ) (3.5)

IV. Numerical Examples

Suppose a square plate with four corners supported is discussed. In case u - b ,

and we take /~=0.2 with the concentrated forces acting on the point (a12. ~) We
take 15 unknowns for a=, b,, c= each. Systems (3.1)- (3.3) may be solved by a elec-
tronic calculator as seen in the following table, where only the values of a., b. c.,
with ~=~a are stated, while the results for the other values of ~ are emitted
8
for space reasons Abstract
0,277694,
//ml 0.317469 x 10 -s, 0.304,t67 x lO -~, 0.767920x 10 -4,
The one-dimensional
0.310705problem
x10 -4, of 0.1466,14
the motion
x10 of
-4, a rigid flyingx10
0.784079 plate
-s, under explosive attack has
0.456923x10-"o.
an analytic solution0.284164
only when
x 10 -6,the polytropic index
0.185914 x 10 -~, of detonation
0.126681 products
x 10 -~," equals
0.892535 • 10to-+,three. In
general, a numerical0.646686
analysisx 10-',
is required. In this paper,
0.479841 • 10 -~ however,
0.363417 x 10-% by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
bl t 0.211757, --0.551836 X10 -~, 0.134071x [0 -2, - - 0 . 4 8 0 6 4 9 x 1 0 - ' ,
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
0.236966 x10 -s, --0.215312X10 -4, 0.689022 x10 - ' , --0.695765 x10 -8,
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
0.269786• -~, --0.298451• -n, 0 . 1 2 7 6 6 2 x i 0 -+, --0.150084xi0-*o
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula0.684174
with twox10parameters
-n, --0.840724 x10explosive
of high -~ 0.400673 X10 -~.
(i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
0.181183, 0.110052X10- z, 0.196854XI0
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
Cm! -s, 0.559947x10 -+,
0.219179XI0 -4, 0.103370x10 -+, 0.551517 X10 -*, 0.321193 x10 -*,
0.199717 X10 -6, 0.130669 x10 -s, 0.890523 x10 -8, 0.627558• -~
1. Introduction
0.454803 x 10-% 0.33754~X 10-% 0.255~99 x 10-%
Results
Explosiveof driven
calculation indicate
flying-plate technique thatffmdsa= converge
its important use inrapidly,
the studywhereas b,
of behavior of
materials under
converges slowly,intense
whenimpulsive
~ = ~5a loading,
at, i s l shock
. 3 1 • synthesis ofadiamonds,
s g r e a t aand explosive
s (h,c:, welding
1 41XlO and
-st:Lines
ascladding
great of
as metals.
c, , The
and method
b l s l . 8of
9 Xestimation of flyor
l O -6 times as velocity
great asand:b~
the way of raising
9 when ~ = 3 a ,it are
az, questions
is
' 4
of common interest. 7
l.lOXlO-' times Ol, Ctll.34XlO_e time ct , and bt~2.17xlo 'times b, ; when n~-8,, 9
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
orris 0.79xi0
approach -e times
of solving agc~Ii.17•
the problem
+ ,
times
of motion of flyor isc, to, solve
and the
bt~ following
2.82x10-~times
system ofh,equations
This
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
shows that when o grows from 5 a to 7 u,the convergence rate of ~*-, c. grows as n
8 8
grows while the convergence rate of b, decreases as n grows.
In the following, we compute--ff
the deflections=o,
at every point of plate. Subs-
ap +u_~_xp+ au
tituting the values of a=, b,, c. into the deflection formulas (2+5), (2.9), (2.13)
au au
and adding them to (2.1), we obtain y1 =0,
(i.0
pb ~ V ~ sinaSV as
9 a--T =o,_
iax B,.~ B, + _,. ins

p =p(p,
2 s),
inx . D t x ] . i~tY 4= 1 - - # X-~b~ coshfl+--I [ ( ~ / 9 ,
where p, p, S, u are
- - - bpressure,
-c~ b -density,
- ] s'n -b--specific
~ . ~ ( entropy{ and
sinhparticle
fi, velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed )sinh b'-+ --b--Cosn}
I-# by the flow field I of central rarefaction b wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
293
1414 Lin Peng-cheng
~'gX 12TX
,,,-~,s,... 2 s/nh~c~.--cotha.) sinh mr<yu

1--p mzy siah -rS~-Y--+ cosh~: 'd + _!Se_cotha, "~Y~.coshrnay

2 a o z a a .] a

+ i-___~ W
2 ~-~

1 5 3 7
The deflection values of several points of plate for ,~=-2-a,8g,-4-a,-{a are given in
Tables I-4, from which it is seen that the deflections of'the threepointsu----0, 0.125a
0.25a in the middle line x=a/2 are located on a straight line when ~=~, the def-
Abstract
lections of the four points y-=0, 0.125a, 0.25a,0.375a in the middle line are also
locatedThe on one-dimensional
a straight line problem the3motion
when ofn=-~a the of a rigid flyingofplate
deflections the under
five explosive attack has
points y=0,0.125a
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation
0.25a,O.375a,O.Sa in the middle line are almost located on a straight line when products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior7 W h e n ~ = ~ a , ~shock
~,3~a,~-athere occurs the maximum deflection at point( a a~
n= ~a of the reflection 2 8 4 in 8the , explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
a
terbation
a 5_~ method,
), ({, anaanalytic,
3_ first-order approximate
), (~-,a)respectlvely, solution
where the isvalues
obtainedofforthe
the maximum
problem ofdeflec-
flying
( ~ ' driven
plate 8 by various high pa 2explosives with polytropic
pa ~ indices other than
pa ~ but nearly equal to
pa ~three.
tion
Finalare 0.402137
velocities X l 0 - ' plate
of flying - D - , obtained
0.394152x10-'-D-, 0.383045xI0-'--~--,
agree very well 0.435084•
with numerical results by computers.- . Thus
respectively.
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) Next, we calculate
for estimation of the the bending
velocity moments
of flying plate isfor the points of plate edge, the bend-
established.
ing moments M~ for the edges y=a and y=0 are respectively:
1. {\~-~-
(M.),.o -- --D
O~w O~w \
Introduction
+/~
D
) ,-o -----(l--g ~) ~r
~ m~a,. sinrn:rx
a

Explosive driven flying-plate ( 02rvffmds its

O~wimportant
x ~ in
D the study of behavior
m~x
(.~I~),. 0technique
=--D\~-xf+/a-~y: ),.. = ( l - -use
p )~z ~ m'c= s i n ~ of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding
while the ofbending
metals. The methodM,of for
moments estimation of flyor
the edge x=O velocity
or xand
= a theare:way of raising it are questions
of common interest. ~M,) :::=-~(~-u,
t O2w Ozw r D ~-~ "~b s i n ~
+ ~'~-~ )::~ (~-")'~ ,.-C' '
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
The bending moments of the points along the edges y=a, y=0, x=0 or x = a are given
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
ingoverning
Tables the5-~7.
flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
From Tables 5-7 it can be seen that all maximum bending moments occur at the
middle point of the edge --ff
y--a The maximum values=o,
ap +u_~_xp+ au
of bending moments are 0.210509P,
0.269109P, 0.354821P, 0.509089P respsctively.
au au 1
The comparisons for the deflections at ythe center
=0, of plate, at the middle poin~
(i.0
of edge of plate and bending moments for the central point of edge of plate, when
aS as
n--~ are given in Table 8. Thea--T
preceding=o,
three columns are computed by the splin(
finite element method with 4x4, p8•
=p(p,16•
s), elements and the fourth column is com.
puted by means of the analytical solution stated in this paper with the first 15
whereofp, the
terms p, S, series
u are pressure,
taken. density,
It isspecific entropy
seen from and particle
Table 8 that velocity of detonation
out findings check products
very
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
nicely with those obtained by C. T. Chi-h[3]
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
Foronchecking,
meters we compute
it are governed the field
by the flow reactive opposite
I of central force
rarefaction onbehind
wave four the
corners.
detonation wave
D and by initial
Substituting thestage of motion
values of a,,of flyor also;into
b,, c, the position of F and (3o4),
the formulas the state (3.5),
parameters of products
summing tnem
293
 Bending of Corner-Sups Rectangular Plate 1415
up and multiplyingthem by 2; we obtain the sum ,:,f reactive opposite fources T h e nu-
merical results ar~ given ~ Table 9.

Table I. Deflection for each point of a square plate when n= 2.o

I (unit: P~
I~

~"~ -. "~ 0 I O. I25,J , 0.25,~ 0 375. O. 5o

Y "--i _ . . . .
I
. . . . - - - : . . . . .

0 0 0.883951 x 10-~ O. 161657 x !0-' 0.210061,-:10 -~ 0 227008x10-'

0.125a 0.160806 x 1 0 -j ; 0.223982X10 "l 0.267239x 10"! 0.282686 X 10-'
0.25n i 0"281029 x 10-' 0.322074>:.10-' 0.337283 X 16-'
O. 375n I { 0.364325x10-' i 0.381376>:10-~
0.50 i I 0.402137 • tO-~

Table 2. Deflection fo# each point of a square plate when~ = 85o (unit: ~'
0.125o 0.28a 0.375a 050

0 0 0.714656 x lO -z 0.130434 x{O-' 0.160136XI0-' O. 182620• ~0-'

O. 125o 0 . 7 9 5 0 6 2 x { 0 -7 0.139607 x 10-' Abstract
0.191538• IO" 0.226055• !0-' 0 239072•
0.250 0 146904x10-" 0.200790 x IO-' 0.249234 • I0-' 0.283132~ lO-' O. 20536!t•
0.3750 0.193735x 10-' 0.246450 x 10-'
The one-dimensional problem motion• 10-'
of the0.295668 of a rigid0 3 3 1 6 5 7 X 10-'
under• i0
flying plateO. 345120 -~
explosive attack has
0.50 0.213384 X 10-' 0.269256 x I 0 - ' 0 323600x 10-' 0.364559• lO ' 0.381355 xlO-'
an O.analytic
6250 solution
0.201573xi0-'only when the
0.264152x i0-'
polytropic
0 324407•
index of detonation
: 0.372211•
products equals
O. 394152x I0-'
to three. In
general,
0.150 a numerical
0 158047X10-'analysis is required.
0.230753x 10-~ In this paper, however,
0 . 2 9 8 2 7 8 x 1 0 - ' iI 0.340014 x 10-' by utilizing
O. 368728• 10 1the "weak" shock
behavior
O. 875o of the reflection
0.875932 X I0 -~ shock
0.174099 inx lOthe
-~
I
explosive
0.252201x10-' products,
' 0 . 3 0 6 2and
6 5 X I 0applying
-' the
0 325987• small
10~ parameter pur-
o 0 an analytic,
0.108239 x tO-' 0 2597f9 xisI0-' 0 281257
terbation method,
I first-order 0.198900• I0-' solution
approximate obtained forxthe
10-' problem of flying

plate driven Tableby various high explosives

3. Deflection for with eachpolytropic
poJ_nt ofindices a square otherplatethan but nearly equal(unit:
when{~=3a
4
P~
to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an,"---2.
analytic i formula with two 0.125a parameters of high 0.25u
explosive ~(i.e. 3 7 5 . detonation
: velocity and polytropic
0.5~

index) 0 for "estimation0 of the 0.570500

velocity of-z flying
x 10 plate is established.
0.104140X10" 0.138001• 10-I 0.145738x {0-'
0.125a 0.633333 x I0-' 0.113487 x 10-' 0.150610x10-' 0.165602 x lO-' 0.195806 x 10-'
0.250 0.117580 x 10-' 0.165336 • 10-' 0.207559 • 10-' 0.236500 x I0-' 0.246941 • ]O-]
0.375u 0.156631X10-' 0.206040 x 10~ 1. 0.251919•
Introduction
I0 "z 0.263610 ~.10~T 0.295368 ~ 10-'
O.Sa 0.175070 X I0-' 0.232047 • 10-' 0.204726 x lO -J 0.323006 • I0 -~ 0.337275~:I0-'
0.6250 0.168493 X 10 1
0.236997 • 10-' 0.301126 x 10-' 0.349536x 10-l
Explosive
0.75o
driven flying-plate
" 0.134763XI0-'
technique ffmds its important use 0.368735
in the ~study
]0-'
of behavior of
0.219088 • 10 -~ 0.297261X 10-' 0 356932 x I0 -~ 0.383045:-:0-'
materials
0.8750 under intense
0.750.160 x 10-~ impulsive loading,
0.180743 x 10-J shock synthesis
0.274521 • 10-' of diamonds,
0.342490x10 -~ and explosive
0.368066 > ! 0 "
welding and
cladding
a of metals.0 The method of estimation
0.131291X10-' of xflyor
0.243372 IO-' velocity and
0.320780 • the way of raising
0348924~ IO-' it are questions
rpa'
of common interest.
Table 4. Deflection for each point of a square plate when v=~a (unit: Z~
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving0 the problem of motion ofO. 25(,
O. 125a
flyor is to solve
O. 375o
the following O. 5,7
system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):
0 0 0.447342 x lO-Z 0.818053• 10 -= 0,106171 • O. 114059• -z
O.I~a 0.422850 x lO -z 0.847040• 0.121035 X l O " 0.145360x10 -L O. 153936• -x
0.25a 0.786328 x 10-z --ff 0 . 1 6 0 0 6 4 +x 1 0 - ' au 0.186615
0.122476x10-' =o, Z l O - ' O. 195605x10-'
0.876o 0.105293 x 10"z 0.154784 XlO-'ap +u_~_xp
0.198390xi0-' 0.228372 • I0-' O. 23907i • -I
O.Sa 0.118847 x 10-' 0.178721• 0.232046 XlO-' 0.269255 • I0 -l O. 282681• -z
au au
0,626a 0.116071X 10-' 0.191600X10-' 0.259023 X 10-' y1 =0,
0.308125X i0 -z O. 326005 • 10-'
0.75u 0.945680• 10-2 0.19{416• 0.279216 x 10-z 0.343655 x I0-' O. 368595x 10-' (i.0
0.876o 0.542902 • 10-2 0.170269 x 10-' aS as
0.289860 x 10 -~ 0.372775 x 10-' O. 4 0 7 5 0 4 • -~
a 0 0.157470x10-' a--T 0.295506X10
=o,-~ 0.306032 x iO-' O. 435084 x 10 -z

Table 5. The bending p =p(p,

moment Mys), of the point along edge x=0 or x-:-a

0.25o
where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific 0.Sa 0.75~
entropy and particle velocity aof detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R
0.154190
of reflected shock
0.210462
of detonation
0.154190
wave D 0as a boundary and the
trajectory
2 F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by0.126184
the flow field 0.105008
I of central rarefaction
0.167333 wave
i behind0 the detonation wave
8
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
293
 1416 Lin Peng-cheng

I o
4
Zo
8 O"
0.033397xi0-'

0,592948 X 10-z
0.154451

0.i00363
0.156568

0.]17179
o J:
Table 6. The bending moment ,w, of the point along edge u=O
0.125o 6.250 0.3750 0.50

J~o 0.947664 X lO-' 0.154190 0.195530 0.211000

2
5 ~z 0.784533 X 10-z 0.125876 0.156674 0.107625
8

0.620187x10-' 0.100829 0125012 0.133423

7
-Fo 0,480437Xl 0-' 0.789946X I0-' 0,986695110-' 0.105486

Table 7. The bending moment A~. of the point along edge ~=6
.4.._ .~ 0 0.125o
Abstract
0.25o 0.3750
t7 -.~. O.5a

-t----o The one-dimensional

0 problem
0.947664 of the 0.154180
x 10-' motion of a rigid flying plate under
0.195530 0.211000explosive attack has
2
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
--5--0 0 0.109478
general,
8 a numerical analysis is required. 0.184657
In this paper, however,
0,244357 by utilizing
0.269109 the "weak" shock
behavior
3---0 of the 0reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
0.118675 0.212891 0.306369 0.354821
4
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
~7- o driven by various
plate 0 high explosives with
0.118383 polytropic indices
0.228457 other than O.but
0.376678 nearly equal to three.
509089
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analyticTable 8. Com
formula with)arisons betweenof analytical
two parameters high explosivesolution in this
(i.e. detonation paperand
velocity andpolytropic
G
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.
spline finite element method solution (n=-f)
JDeflectionat 4x4 6x6 10x16
'Analytical solution
- i n this-pap[r
center of plate' - Pa, 1. Introduction
DeflectJ6n at the o.o400567 0.040175 0.04020~ 0 04021a7

middle Explosive
point of driven Paa-
002mT05_D
flying-plate technique
0.022701 ffmds its o.oe2701
important use ino.022voos
the study of behavior of
J edge o f plate
materials under intense
Bend_ing moment at 0 221a9 P impulsive loading, shock
0.21354 synthesis of
0.21160 diamonds, and explosive
o.ozHo00 , welding and
cladding of metals. The method
center point o f edge of plate of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common 9. S1~mmation of reactive opposite force for corners and its errors
T a b l einterest.

Under the assumptions of one-dimensional zR plane Edetonation

rrors
and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
t~ - 0 '05446
governing the flow field of detonation
2 products behind the4.55%
flyor (Fig. I):
-~o - 0 9428~ 5.01%
--ff +u_~_xp
ap --0.
=o,
94562 + au 5.44%
4
au-0.95350
au
---To
8 y1 =0,
4.65%

It is seen from errors in Table 9 and from results by taking more than 15 terms
(i.0
aS as
that taking 15 lmklno,gflsfor o., a--T
b,, c,,, is=o,
already sufficient for the sake of ac-
curacy. p =p(p, s),

where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
REFERENCES
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
(1)trajectory
Chang FFo-van,
of flyor asBending
another of
boundary. Both are
rectangular unknown;
plates withthethe
position of R supported,
corners and the state Journal
para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field
of Tsinghua University, Vol. 9, 5(1962). I of central rarefaction
(in Chinese)wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
(2) Chang Fo-van, Bending of discontinuously loaded cantilever rectangular plates,
293
 Bending of Corner-Supported Rectangular Plate 1417

Applied Mathematics and Mechanics, Vol. 3, No. 4, (1981).

(3) Shih Chung-tze, On spline finite element method, Math. Numer. Sinica, Vol. 1,
(1979), 50-72. (in Chinese)
(4) Chang Fo-van, Elastic Thin Plates, Science Press, (1964). (in Chinese)
(5) Timoshenko, S. and S. Woinowsky-Krieger, Theory of plates and Shells, second
edition, (1959).

Abstract

The one-dimensional problem of the motion of a rigid flying plate under explosive attack has
an analytic solution only when the polytropic index of detonation products equals to three. In
general, a numerical analysis is required. In this paper, however, by utilizing the "weak" shock
behavior of the reflection shock in the explosive products, and applying the small parameter pur-
terbation method, an analytic, first-order approximate solution is obtained for the problem of flying
plate driven by various high explosives with polytropic indices other than but nearly equal to three.
Final velocities of flying plate obtained agree very well with numerical results by computers. Thus
an analytic formula with two parameters of high explosive (i.e. detonation velocity and polytropic
index) for estimation of the velocity of flying plate is established.

1. Introduction

Explosive driven flying-plate technique ffmds its important use in the study of behavior of
materials under intense impulsive loading, shock synthesis of diamonds, and explosive welding and
cladding of metals. The method of estimation of flyor velocity and the way of raising it are questions
of common interest.
Under the assumptions of one-dimensional plane detonation and rigid flying plate, the normal
approach of solving the problem of motion of flyor is to solve the following system of equations
governing the flow field of detonation products behind the flyor (Fig. I):

--ff
ap +u_~_xp+ au
=o,

au au
y1 =0,
(i.0
aS as
a--T =o,
p =p(p, s),

where p, p, S, u are pressure, density, specific entropy and particle velocity of detonation products
respectively, with the trajectory R of reflected shock of detonation wave D as a boundary and the
trajectory F of flyor as another boundary. Both are unknown; the position of R and the state para-
meters on it are governed by the flow field I of central rarefaction wave behind the detonation wave
D and by initial stage of motion of flyor also; the position of F and the state parameters of products
293