Eng Geography 1 9

Tourism and Hospitality Studies
Curriculum Support Materials for

New Senior Secondary Tourism
and Hospitality Studies (S4-6) –
Part 3
Destination Geography
Content
Topic Descriptions Page
1 Basic concepts of world geography – Earth, 1- 9
Continents of the World and the Oceans
2 Basic concepts of world geography – 10 - 23
Climate
3 Basic concepts of world geography –Time 24 - 39
Zones
4 Basic concepts of world geography – 40 - 47
Latitude and Longitude
5 Tourist Attractions – Physical and human 48 - 51
resources for tourism development: Why do
people travel?
6 Tourist Attractions – Physical and human 52 - 71
resources for tourism development: Natural
and Cultural Attractions
7 Major tourism regions – Health 72 - 86
8 Western Hemisphere – North America 87 - 143
9 Western Hemisphere – Central and South 144 - 169
America
10 Eastern Hemisphere – Europe 170 - 198
11 Eastern Hemisphere – Asia 199 - 218
12 Eastern Hemisphere – Africa 219 - 234
13 Eastern Hemisphere – Australia and New 235 - 252
Zealand
Passport of Destination Geography – 253 - 281
Suggested Answers
ii
Preface
Students should be introduced to the content of the

Compulsory Part III – Destination Geography prior to the
commencement of the delivery of this resource material.
The resource material is designed to develop a practical
knowledge of the application of destination geography’s
concepts.
While the content of the resource material is fairly

wide ranging, teachers should bear in mind that overall
understanding of the topics are more important than a
detailed theoretical knowledge.
It should be stressed that students’ activities will

form the basis of the delivery of this resource material, the
activities will help maintain student interest in the subject
and avoid rather dry instruction on theory only. Therefore,
student-centered learning through individual work should
form a major part of this resource material.
To better facilitate student-centered learning, time

management by teachers is essential. The teaching plan
gives an outline of the suggested delivery times. All timings
are approximate, and will depend on the particular student
groups.
iii
Acknowledgement
Gratefully acknowledged LTS in granting the

permission to adapt and reproduce their materials
iv
Topic 1: World Geography
Basic concepts of world geography:
Earth, Continents of the World and the Oceans
Basic concepts of world geography: Earth, Continents of the World and the Oceans
Topic 1: World Geography Resources Time

Basic concepts of world geog- allowed
raphy: Earth, Continents of the
World and the Oceans
Content to be included: • Manual: 30 mins
* Identify the world’s hemi- • p. 1-4
spheres • Handout
* Locate the continents and the • Activities
oceans on a map
Teacher Notes Resources Time

allowed
Handout for the introduction of: • Handout 1 10 mins
✓ Hemispheres
✓ Continents of the World
✓ The Oceans
Activity 1: • Activity 1 10 mins

Students are required to locate
the world’s hemispheres, conti-
nents and oceans on a blank map
of the world. • Activity 2 10 mins
Activity 2:
Students are asked to use the
atlas to complete sentences
about the world’s oceans. This will
require them to identify countries
and oceans using the atlas.
2
Handout 1 – Introduction of Hemispheres,

Continents and Oceans
The world is split by degrees north and south of the equator. To

the north of the equator is known as the Northern Hemisphere,
and south of the equator is known as the Southern Hemisphere.
The world can also be divided into Eastern and Western

Hemispheres. However, these hemispheres are not divided in
the same way as latitude and longitude, at the prime meridian.
Instead, the imaginary line dividing east from west runs down the
middle of the Atlantic Ocean.
The Western Hemisphere includes the Americas and Greenland.
The Eastern Hemisphere includes Europe, Africa, the Middle

East, Asia, Australasia and Oceania.
The world has seven continents: North and South America

(sometimes referred to as one continent called ‘The Americas’)
Europe, Africa, Asia, Australasia (including Oceania), and
Antarctica.
Note: The continent of Australasia and

Oceania refers to a much larger area
than just Australia, because it includes
Papua New Guinea, Tasmania, New
Zealand and many island groups in the
South Pacific, e.g. Fiji, Solomon, etc.
3
The world also has seven important oceans: North and South
Pacific, North and South Atlantic, the Indian Ocean, the Arctic
Ocean and the Southern Ocean.
Activity 1: Locating the hemispheres,

continents and oceans
Read Handout 1 about hemispheres, continents and oceans.

Then, using the atlas, identify the hemispheres and plot the
following continents, areas and oceans on a blank map of the
world.
1. Identify the following HEMISPHERES:

• Northern
• Southern
• Eastern
• Western
2. Locate all of the following CONTINENTS:

• Europe
• Africa
• North America
• South America
• Asia
• Australasia
4
3. Now locate the following major OCEANS:

• North Atlantic Ocean
• South Atlantic Ocean
• Pacific Ocean
• Indian Ocean
5
World Map
6
Activity 1: Suggested Answers
Map of Northern and Southern Hemispheres and Eastern and Western Hemispheres
北半球
西半球東半球
南半球
7
8
Map of plotted oceans, areas and continents
亞洲
歐洲
北美洲北大西洋
中東太平洋
太平洋非洲東亞及
南大西洋東南亞
印度洋
南美洲
澳大拉西亞洲
Activity 2: World’s Oceans
Using the atlas, complete the following sentences about the

world’s oceans:
1. The ___________________________ Ocean lies between
Europe and America.
2. The world’s largest Ocean is the
______________________.
3. The ___________________ Ocean lies to the south of
central Asia.
4. The Hawaiian Islands are to be found in the
__________________ Ocean.
5. The Ocean to the east of Brazil is the
_________________________ Ocean.
Complete the following sentences about the world’s oceans:
1. The North Atlantic Ocean lies between Europe and America.

2. The world’s largest Ocean is the Pacific.
3. The Indian Ocean lies to the south of central Asia.
4. The Hawaiian Islands are to be found in the Pacific Ocean.
5. The Ocean to the east of
Brazil is the South
Atlantic Ocean.
9
Basic concepts of world geography: Climate

Basic concepts of world allowed
geography: Climate
Content to be included: * Manual: 60 mins
* Find out the factors which • p. 5-6
affect the weather • Activities
* Study how climate varies in • Video-
different parts of the world Weather
* Investigate why climate is Forecast
important in popularity of • Brochures
destinations • Travel
websites
11

allowed
Weather factors
Find out the factors affecting the
weather. Allow students to jot
down initial ideas, then take a
selection from the class and note
on board. Show OHT-1 and video
footage of a recent TV weather
forecast to illustrate.
Climate in different parts of the

world
Let students to share with the rest
of the group their experiences of
different weather in countries they
have visited. Questions might
include:
❏ Where did they visit?
❏ How was the weather there?
❏ Did they enjoy the weather?
Pick 2-3 students to share their
experiences with the class.
12

Discuss the regions of the world
which fall within each category.
Example of location in each
climate zone is specified.
The World Climate Zone map

also illustrates the distributions
of zones, although using slightly
different classifications.
Importance of climate in
popularity of destinations
This activity highlights the impact
that weather can have on our
enjoyment of tourism. A small
amount of variation could be
allowed in the answers given to
this activity; however, students
must be able to justify their
answers.
13
Activity 1: Factors affecting the weather.

What factors make up our weather? Think about the information
given in a weather forecast.
14
Activity 3: Climate in different parts of the world
Describe each of the following climate zones. Include information

on average rainfall and temperature, and how the climate
changes throughout the year, ie, the seasons.
Hot – Equatorial (Singapore)
Rain Fall:
Temperature:
Seasons:
Hot – Tropical (Northern Australia, Coastal Regions)

Rain Fall:
Temperature:
Seasons:
Hot – Desert (Sahara)

Rain Fall:
Temperature:
Seasons:
15
Temperate – Warm / Mediterranean (Rome, Italy)

Rain Fall:
Temperature:
Seasons:
Temperate – Cool (Edinburgh, Scotland)

Rain Fall:
Temperature:
Seasons:
Cold (Finland)
Rain Fall:
Temperature:
Seasons:
Arctic/Polar (Antarctic Interior)

Rain Fall:
Temperature:
Seasons:
16
Activity 4: Importance of climate in

popularity of destinations
Your friends are planning their holidays and have asked your
advice on the best time to go. For each of the following scenarios,
provide advice as to:
• Which month(s) will provide the best weather conditions?

• What the temperature will be?
• What month(s) should they avoid and why?
Case 1
Aunt Mary has just won the lottery. She has decided to treat
herself to a Caribbean cruise, but she suffers from sea sickness
and wants to be sure of calm waters.
Month: Temperature: °C
Avoid: because
Case 2
Uncle Tommy wants to visit his long lost brother in Sydney
Australia, but he is a bit worried it might be too hot for him.
Avoid: because
17
Case 3
A group of college friends are planning a snow boarding holiday
to Sapporo, Japan. But none of them has tried it before - and
they do not much fancy getting cold and wet.
Avoid: because
Case 4
It is your parents silver wedding anniversary and they have
always wanted to go on safari. When would the best time be to
visit Kenya.
Avoid: because
18
Weather Factors
• Temperature
• Wind
- speed
- direction
• Rain
• Environmental information
- air quality
- sunburn times
19
20
Climate Zones
Climate Zone Example Rain Fall Temperature Seasons
Hot-Equatorial Singapore Average 27.2 ˚C Very humid at all times; wettest
241.3cm per from November to January;

annum temperature fairly constant all
year
Hot-Tropical Northern Average153.4cm 26.7 ˚C A short rainy season; generally
Australia, per annum warm and dry
Coastal
Regions
Hot-Desert Sahara Less than Can drop to 0 ˚C at Climate constant throughout
12.7cm per night; rising to 54.4˚C year
annum during the day
Temperate- Rome, Average 65.7cm Winter 7˚C; summer Distinct changes from Spring,
Warm/ Italy per annum 25˚C Summer, Autumn and Winter
Mediterranean
Temperate- Edinburgh, Average 65.3cm Winter 3.5˚C; Distinct Spring, Summer,
Cool Scotland per annum summer 14.5˚C Autumn and Winter
Cold Finland Average 58.5cm Winter -8.9˚C; Long winters changing quickly
per annum summer 15.6˚C to short summers
Arctic/Polar Antarctic Less than 5cm As low as -88.3˚C Almost continual darkness in
Interior winter changing to continual day
light in summer
21
22
Best time to travel

Case No. Destination Best months Average Avoid Reasons
to travel Temperature
1 Caribbean January to 24 - 29˚C July to early of Hurricane season

cruise April December
2 Sydney September to 13 - 22˚C December to Hottest months and

Australia November February most rain in February
3 Sapporo December to -4.9 – 4.7 ˚C February Peak snow season
Japan March
4 Kenya January to 14 – 34 ˚C April to June and Rainy seasons and
March October to December flooding often occurs
References:
➤ www.arridecube.com
➤ www.goaustralia.about.com
➤ www.snowjapan.com
➤ www.go2africa.com/kenya
23
Basic concepts of world geography: Time zones

geography: Time zones
* Explain why time varies around p. 7-8
the world and the principals of • Handouts
time zones • Activities
* Define the terms including
GMT, the Greenwich Meridian,
the Meridian Line, International
Date Line, Co-ordinated Univer-
sal Time (UTC) and Daylight
Saving Time
* Identify the time zones
25

allowed
Handouts for the definitions of: • Handout 1-5 30 mins
✓ Time zones and Greenwich
Mean Time (GMT)
✓ GMT and the Greenwich
Meridian
✓ The Meridian Line
✓ International Date Line
✓ Co-ordinated Universal
Time (UTC)
✓ Daylight Saving Time

Some countries are so large
that they span more than one
time zone. Find out which
countries these are, and
how many time zones there
are within each country. An
example is given for reference.

Students are required to name
different time zones in Canada
and state time differences, both
when daylight saving time is in
operation and when it is not.
26
Handout 1 – The Concept of time zones and

Greenwich Mean Time (GMT)
Earth is a planet that revolves around the Sun. It takes 365 ¼

days for the Earth to complete one solar orbit, i.e. ‘one year’.
While it is describing this orbit, the Earth also spins on its axis. It
takes 24 hours to complete each turn, i.e. ‘one day’.
At any given time in each 24-hour period, only half the Earth
can be facing toward the sun. The part facing the sun will be
experiencing ‘day’ and the part in darkness is experiencing
‘night’ (you might have guessed that this is the easy bit!).
Night Day Sun
As the Earth turns towards the East, the point at which our part
of the Earth starts to experience daylight we call ‘dawn’. As
the Earth continues to turn, we experience our ‘day’ and the
disappearance of the sun’s rays from the western horizon is our
‘sunset’.
27
So, it can be seen that as each part of the world experiences

‘dawn’ and ‘sunset’ at different times, it cannot be the same
time in each part of the world. Otherwise, some countries would
experience ‘dawn’ at 10 p.m. and others experience ‘sunset’ at
8 a.m. Understandably, every country wants to set its own time
according to their dawn and sunset times.
In centuries past it didn’t matter if one country set their clocks

to a different time or day or even year from others, because
there was little interaction between them. However, as the world
became more globally interactive, there was need to standardise
time.
28
Handout 2 – Definition of GMT and the Greenwich

Meridian
The current system dates back to October 1884. At the behest

of the President of the United States of America, 41 delegates
from 25 nations met in Washington, DC, in the USA for the
International Meridian Conference.
At the Conference the following important principles were

established:
1. It was desirable to adopt a single world meridian to replace

the numerous ones already in existence.
2. The Meridian passing through the principal Transit Instrument
(the telescope) at the Observatory at Greenwich, in London
was to be the prime meridian.
3. That all longitude would be calculated both east and west
from this meridian up to 180° (i.e. Greenwich would be 0°
longitude).
4. All countries would adopt a universal day.
5. The universal day would be a Mean Solar Day, beginning
at the Mean Midnight at Greenwich and counted on a 24-
hour clock.
6. That nautical and astronomical days everywhere would
begin at mean midnight.
29
What is the Meridian Line?
We have already discussed the Prime Meridian, which is

an imaginary line that runs from the North Pole to the South
Pole. By international convention it runs through ‘the primary
transit’ instrument (main telescope) at the Royal Observatory in
Greenwich. GMT (Greenwich Mean Time) became a world time
and date standard because Britain’s Royal Navy and merchant
fleet used it during the nineteenth century.
The meridian at Greenwich is known as Zero Longitude and it

is the line from which all other lines of longitude are measured.
This includes the line that runs 180° away from Greenwich, also
known as the International Date Line.
There have been many meridian lines during the course of

history including 9 lines at Greenwich!
30
Handout 3 – Definition of International Day Line

and Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC)
International Date Line
The International Date Line is an imaginary line that runs from

the North Pole to the South Pole and is 180° away from the
Greenwich Meridian.
Co-ordinated Universal Time (UTC)
UTC replaced Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) as the World

standard for time in 1986. It is based on atomic measurements
rather than the earth’s rotation. Other terms used to refer to it
include ‘Zulu time’, ‘universal time’, and ‘world time’.
UTC uses precise atomic clocks, short-wave time signals,

and satellites to ensure that UTC remains a reliable, accurate
standard for scientific and navigational purposes.
Despite the improvements in accuracy, however, the same

principles used in GMT have been carried over into UTC, and
Greenwich Mean Time (GMT) is still the standard time zone
for the Prime Meridian (Zero Longitude), which is used for time
calculation.
31
Handout 4 – Definition of Time Zones
Time zones
Twenty-four time zones were established to the east and west

of Greenwich with the International Date Line lying along the
180° line of longitude. The International Date Line deviates in
places to avoid crossing any land.
Zero (0) ° is the central time zone with 12 time zones to the east
and 12 time zones to the west of it.
Below you can see a map of the world showing how the world
has been split into different time zones. You can see that some
of the lines are not straight and this is because some states or
countries do not want to be split into different time zones.
The line labelled ‘The Greenwich Meridian’ represents 0°

longitude. All countries to the east of this are ahead of GMT. All
countries to the west of the meridian are behind GMT.
32
WORLDMAP OF TIME ZONES
EAST
The Greenwich Meridian
WEST
33
Handout 5 – Definition of Daylight Saving Time
Daylight hours
As we have seen before, the Earth spins on its axis. However,

the axis does not remain perpendicular throughout the year.
During the summer months in the Northern Hemisphere (May to
September) the North point of the axis is tilted towards the sun,
making it have longer daylight hours. During the winter months
(October–April) the North axis is tilted away from the sun, giving
it shorter days and longer nights.
The seasons in the Southern Hemisphere are opposite to

those in the Northern Hemisphere. When the North axis is
pointed away from the sun, the South axis is towards the sun.
This is why the Australians have Christmas on the beach,
because December is the height of their summer.
At the equator, however, the days are evenly split (12 hours of
daylight and 12 hours darkness) all year round.
So, the countries that lie between the tropic of Cancer and the
Tropic of Capricorn do not experience much seasonal difference
between summer and winter daylight hours and so tend not to
move their clocks forward and back.
34
Daylight Saving Time
You may or may not be aware that each spring in the UK we

move our clocks one hour ahead and ‘lose’ an hour during the
night and each autumn we move our clocks back one hour and
‘gain’ an extra hour. This is known as ‘Daylight Saving Time’
(DST). In the UK, we often refer to DST as ‘British Summer Time’.
The phrase ‘Spring forward, Fall back’ helps people remember

how Daylight Saving time affects their clocks. (Fall = autumn.)
Initiated during World War I to save energy for war production,

the change to DST allows a country to use less energy in lighting
homes by taking advantage of the longer and later daylight hours
between April and October. In 1996 the European Union (EU)
standardised a EU-wide ‘summertime period’. The EU version
of Daylight Saving Time runs from the last Sunday in March
through to the last Sunday in October.
Many other parts of the world observe Daylight Saving Time,

although equatorial and tropical countries (lower latitudes) don’t
observe DST since the daylight hours are similar during every
season, so there’s no advantage to moving clocks forward
during the summer.
The time of year affects, therefore, whether DST is in operation,

and this in turn will have to be taken into consideration when you
are calculating time differences.
35
Activity 1: The Concept of Time Zones (1)
Some countries are so large that they span more than one time
zone. Find out which countries these are, and how many time
zones there are within each country. An example is given for
reference.
Country No. of time zones covered
e.g. Russia 11 zones
36
Activity 2: The Concept of Time Zones (2)
What is the name of the standard time zone in each of the

following places?
(a) Toronto
(b) Vancouver
(c) Calgary
How many hours different from GMT is the local time in each of
the following places at each given time of the year?
(d) Toronto in January
(e) Vancouver in February
(f) Calgary in November
(g) Toronto in June
(h) Vancouver in July
(i) Calgary in August
37
No. of time zones within a country
Country No. of time zones covered
e.g. Russia 11 zones
1. USA 6 zones
2. Canada 6 zones
3. Australia 3 zones
4. Brazil 6 zones
5. Mexico 3 zones
6. Greenland 4 zones
7. Democratic Republic of
2 zones
Congo
38
Name of different Times Zones and time differences in

Canada
What is the name of the standard time zone in each of the

following places:
(a) Toronto Eastern Standard Time
(b) Vancouver Pacific Standard Time
(c) Calgary Mountain Standard Time
How many hours different from GMT is the local time in each of
the following places:
(d) Toronto in January GMT –5
(e) Vancouver in July GMT –7
(f) Calgary in August GMT –6
(g) Toronto in June GMT –4
(h) Vancouver in February GMT –8
(i) Calgary in November GMT –7
39
Basic concepts of world geography:
Latitude and Longitude
Basic concepts of world geography: Latitude and Longitude

geography: Latitude and
Longitude
* Define the terms latitude and p. 7-8
longitude • Handouts
* Apply latitude and longitude • Activities
co-ordinates for map
referencing

allowed
Handout for the definition of • Handout 1 15 mins
latitude and longitude.

Explain to students how co-
ordinates are given by describing
a feature’s latitude followed by its
longitude. In the activity, the table
shows the co-ordinates of several
places in the world. Students are
required to study the table and
complete the sentences for the
description of positions.
41
Handout 1 – Definition of Latitude and Longitude
The latitude and longitude system

of precisely locating positions on the
Earth’s surface has been used since the
seventeenth century.
In this system, imaginary lines separate

the world. Lines of latitude run parallel
with the equator. The distance between these latitude lines
is always the same anywhere on the globe. These imaginary
horizontal lines measure the distance in degrees north or south
of the equator. The latitude reference is always quoted first. This
co-ordinate shows which parallel line the place sits on, either
north or south of the equator.
From the equator to the North Pole there are 90 degrees (the
symbol for degrees is °). There are 90° from the equator to the
South Pole. 0° is the equator and 90° are at the poles. North of
the Equator is measured as ‘degrees North’ and south of the
equator is measured in ‘degrees South’. 90° North (shown as
90 N) is the North Pole and 90° South (90 S) is the South Pole.
Places are referred to as between 0 and 90 ° N or ° S of the
equator.
The cross co-ordinate lines are called lines of longitude and

are sometimes called meridians. These are imaginary vertical
42
lines that run from pole to pole. These are not parallel lines but
come together at the pole and are widest at the equator. These
lines measure the distance in degrees to the east and west of the
Prime Meridian, which runs through Greenwich in the UK.
The Prime Meridian is at 0° and there are 180 degrees in both

east and west directions. They meet at the International Date
Line, which is on the other side of the globe from the UK in the
Pacific Ocean. Places are referred to as between 0 and 180 ° W
or ° E of the Prime Meridian.
To pinpoint a location using only degrees north or south, east

or west, would therefore be quite vague. You would only be
positioning it within a 70-mile square. The degrees of longitude
and latitude are therefore further divided into minutes (symbol is
‘) and seconds (“). There are 60 minutes in each degree. Each
minute is divided into 60 seconds.
Seconds can be further divided into tenths, hundredths, or even

thousandths, although this is only used for locating a position
very precisely.
Mostly just degrees and minutes are used. For example, Glasgow
in Scotland is located at 55°52’ N and 4°15’ W (55 degrees, 52
minutes north of the equator and 4 degrees, 15 minutes west of
the prime meridian passing through Greenwich, England).
43
Activity 1: Latitude and Longitude Co-ordinates
Read Handout 1 about latitude and longitude. After your teacher

or tutor has explained how co-ordinates are given by describing
a feature’s latitude followed by its longitude, complete the
following activity.
The table below shows the co-ordinates of several places in the

world. Study the table and then complete the sentences shown
below.
City Latitude Longitude

° ’ ° ’
Hong Kong, China 22 20 N 114 11 E
Tokyo, Japan 35 41 N 139 46 E
Glasgow, Scotland 55 52 N 4 15 W
Nairobi, Kenya 1 25 S 36 55 E
Moscow, Russia 55 45 N 37 36 E
Santiago, Chile 33 28 S 70 45 W
44
1. Hong Kong is degrees and

minutes north and degrees
minutes east.
2. Glasgow is degrees and

minutes north and degrees
minutes west.
3. Nairobi is degrees of the

equator.
4. Santiago lies 33 and 28 south

of the .
5. Moscow is positioned’ ° and ’

north of the .
6. Santiago lies degrees and

minutes to the of the prime meridian.
7. The city positioned 35 degrees and 41 minutes North and

139 degrees 46 minutes east is .
8. The city which lies at 1°25’ S and 36°55’ E is

.
45
Latitude and longitude coordinates
City Latitude Longitude

° ’ ° ’
Hong Kong, China 22 20 N 114 11 E
Tokyo, Japan 35 41 N 139 46 E
Glasgow, Scotland 55 52 N 4 15 W
Nairobi, Kenya 1 25 S 36 55 E
Moscow, Russia 55 45 N 37 36 E
Santiago, Chile 33 28 S 70 45 W
46
1. Hong Kong is 22 degrees and 20 minutes north and

114 degrees 11 minutes east.
2. Glasgow is 55 degrees and 52 minutes north and

4 degrees 15 minutes west.
3. Nairobi is 1 degrees south of the equator.
4. Santiago lies 33 degrees and 28 minutes south of the

equator .
5. Moscow is positioned 55 ° and 45 ’ north of the

equator .
6. Santiago lies 70 degrees and 45 minutes to the

west of the prime meridian.
7. The city positioned 35 degrees and 41 minutes North and

139 degrees 46 minutes east is Japan .
8. The city which lies at 1°25’ S and 36°55’ E is Nairobi .
47
Tourist Attractions – Physical and human resources
for tourism development: Why do people travel?
Tourist Attractions – Physical and human resources for tourism development: Why do people travel?

Tourist Attractions – Physical allowed
and human resources for
tourism development: Why do
people travel?
* Identify the reasons why p. 10-11
people travel • Activity

allowed
Students are required to think back
over the past year and all the times
they, or a member of their family,
travelled away from home. Then
make a list of all the reasons for
these different journeys. Take a
selection of ideas from the class
and note on board. Emphasizes
the variety of reasons for travel.
Show Activity -1 and discuss with
students if they have other possible
reasons other than those shown.
49
Activity 1: Reasons for people travel
Think back over the past year and all the times you, or a member
of your family, travelled away from your home. Make a list below
of all the reasons for these different journeys.
50
Why do people travel?
• Visiting friends and relatives (VFR)
• Holiday
• Business
• Sport
• Religion
• Education
• Medical treatment
• Any more?
51
Tourist Attractions – Physical and human resources
for tourism development :
Natural and Cultural Attractions
Tourist Attractions – Physical and human resources for tourism development :

Tourist Attractions – Physical allowed
and human resources for
tourism development:
* Natural attractions
* Cultural attractions
• Explain the importance p. 11-12
of physical surroundings • Handouts
(landscape) in influencing the • Activities
choices of destinations
• Identity the natural attractions
• Identify the historical and
cultural attractions
53

allowed
Highlights the importance of • Handout 1 5 mins
physical surroundings (landscape)
in influencing the choices of
destinations.
➤ Natural features
➤ Leisure pursuits
➤ Escapism
Natural attractions
a. Students are required to list any
5 natural features/landscapes
around the world which have
become tourist attractions.
b. Students are required to list
5 sporting or leisure pursuits
which rely on the landscape to
provide a setting essential for
their enjoyment.

Explain the terms for describing
particular types of vegetation/
landscape. Students are required
to identity the type of vegetation
that could be found there, and
give an example of a region with
this type of landscape.
54

allowed
Using a selection of holiday
brochures, particularly longhaul
ones. Students are required to
identify some of the regions in the
world famous for the wildlife, and
the types of species that tourists
can expect to spot there.
Cultural attractions
Students are required to list 5
historical attractions
a. within Hong Kong.
b. around the world
For each one state the date it was
built/established.
Cultural attractions
Students are required to think of 5
events or festivals that take place
regularly around the world that
have become tourist attractions.
Identify where they take place,
and provide a brief description of
each.
55
Handout 1 –Importance of landscape in

influencing the choices of destinations
Our landscape, or countryside, has a great appeal to tourists for

a number of reasons:
• There may be unique natural features that are attractions in

their own right.
• The countryside may provide the setting for leisure pursuits
which are not possible, or as enjoyable, in urban areas.
• The pleasure of spending time in a rural location can provide
an escape from the stresses of town and city life.
56
Activity 1: Natural Features as tourist attractions
a. List any 5 natural features/landscapes around the world

which have become tourist attractions.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
b. List 5 sporting or leisure pursuits which rely on the landscape

to provide a setting essential for their enjoyment.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
57
Activity1: Suggest Answers
a. Natural features/landscapes around the world which have

become tourist attractions:
1. The Great Barrier Reef

2. Grand Canyon
3. Niagara Falls
4. Amazon Rainforest
5. Mount Everest
Any appropriate answers
b. Sporting or leisure pursuits rely on the landscape to provide a

setting essential for enjoyment:
1. Scuba Diving
2. Trekking
3. Kayaking
4. Wildlife exploration
5. Rock climbing
58
Activity 2: Types of vegetation / landscape
The following terms are used to describe particular types of

vegetation/landscape. Explain the type of vegetation you would
find there, and give an example of a region with this type of
landscape
Types Vegetation Region
Rain forest
Savannah
Chaparral
Tundra
59
Activity 2: Suggest Answers
The following terms are used to describe particular types of

vegetation/landscape. Explain the type of vegetation you would
find there, and give an example of a region with this type of
landscape
Types Vegetation Region

Rain forest Dense, lush Tropical rainforests are
vegetation found in rainforests in the tropics,
equatorial regions; found near the Jamaica
supports more (between the Tropic of
varieties of flora Cancer and Tropic of
and fauna than the Capricorn) and present in
rest of the world Southeast Asia, Sri Lanka,
combined; 70% of Sub-Saharan Africa, South
vegetation is trees. and Central America and on
many of the Pacific Islands.
Temperate rainforests are
rainforests in temperate
regions. They can be found
in North America, in Europe,
in East Asia, in South
America and also Australia
and New Zealand.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/
Rainforest
60
Savannah Tropical grasslands Commonly found in Africa

with scattering of and areas of South America.
shrubs and trees.
Chaparral Areas dominated Found in warm temperate
by evergreen climates, such as the
shrubs. They are Mediterranean, California
dependent on fire to and areas of Australia and
regularly clear the South Africa.
area encouraging
new growth.
Tundra Areas of low Found in the permafrost
growing heaths, regions north of the polar
sedges, lichens and circle, and in some parts of
willows. the Antarctic.
61
Activity 3: Wildlife as natural attractions
By using the holiday brochures, students are required to identify

some of the regions in the world famous for the wildlife, and the
types of species that tourists can expect to spot there.
Regions Examples of wildlife
62
By using the holiday brochures, students are required to identify

some of the regions in the world famous for the wildlife, and the
types of species that tourists can expect to spot there.
Regions Examples of wildlife

Galapagos Home to 6 species of giant tortoise only to
Islands be found here, plus unique lizards and bird
life
Kenya / An abundance of African savannah wildlife
Zimbabwe / such as zebra, lions, elephants
Tanzania
Rocky Both in USA and Canada a number of
Mountains, national parks are home to bear, wolves
North America and elk
Great Barrier Renowned for its marine wildlife
Reef, Australia
Northern Atlantic Certain areas are popular ‘whale spotting’
sites
63
Activity 4: Historical Attractions
List 5 historical attractions within Hong Kong and 5 more

examples that are around the world. For each one state the
date it was built/established.
Hong Kong
1. built in
2. built in
3. built in
4. built in
5. built in
Around the world
6. built in
7. built in
8. built in
9. built in
10. built in
64
List 5 historical attractions within Hong Kong and 5 more

examples that are around the world. For each one state the
date it was built/established.
Hong Kong
Name of attraction Built in
1. Western Market, Sheung Wan 1858
2. Man Mo Temple, Sheung Wan Between 1847 and 1862
3. St. John’s Cathedral 1847
4. Government House, Central 1851
5. The Old Stanley Police Station 1859
Around the world

Name of attraction Built in
6. Great Pyramid of Giza, Egypt 2560 BC
7. Colosseum, Italy Between 70 and 80 AD
8. Great Wall of China 5th century BC
9. Taj Mahal Between 1632 and 1653
10. Statue of Zeus at Olympia 432 BC
65
Activity 5: Cultural Attractions
Think of 5 events or festivals that take place regularly around the

world that have become tourist attractions. Identify where they
take place, and provide a brief description of each.
Event / Festival Location Description
66
Think of 5 events or festivals that take place regularly around the

world that have become tourist attractions. Identify where they
take place, and provide a brief description of each.
Event / Festival Location Description

1. Hong Kong Hong From its humble beginnings
Rugby Seven Kong in 1976, the Hong Kong
event has pioneered the
rugby sevens game to an
internationally recognised
phenomenon that attracts
teams from the top 24 rugby
nations in the world who
compete for three different
trophies. Fans from all corners
of the globe pack the 40,000-
seat Hong Kong stadium.
http://www.discoverhongkong.
com/eng/events/sports-rugby.
html
67
2. Macau Grand Macau It is a motor-racing event held

Prix annually in Macau. It is known
for being the only street circuit
racing event in which both
car and motorcycle races are
held. Every year in November
hundreds of racing drivers and
riders compete in different
categories of motor-racing,
including single-seaters,
touring cars and motorbikes.
One of the highlights of the
race weekend is the Macau
Formula Three Grand Prix,
which features many national
Formula 3 champions and
drivers around the world. Due
to the challenging nature of
the circuit, which consists of
fast straights, tight corners
and uncompromising crash
barriers, the Macau Grand
Prix is famously known as
one of the most demanding
circuits in the world.
Macau_Grand_Prix
68
3. Oktoberfest Munich, Munich’s first ever

Germany ‘Oktoberfest’ was held in 1810
to celebrate a royal wedding
with horse races and various
culinary delights. The culinary
delights, primarily the beer,
were much more popular
than the wedding ceremony
and horse races. Since then,
the Munich beer festival has
been repeated on an almost
annual basis. Even though
it is called the ‘Oktoberfest’,
the festival actually takes
place in September. Apart
from beer tents the festival
offers amusements as diverse
as roller coasters, circus
appearances, festival parades
and live brass bands.
http://www.about-germany.
org/festivals/oktoberfest.php
69
4. Bangkok Thailand The Traditional Thai New

Songkran Year is an occasion for
Festival merriment all over the city,
but most notably at Sanam
Luang, near the Grand
palace, where the revered
Phra Phuttha Sihing image
is displayed and bathed by
devotees. In the Wisutkasat
area, a Miss Songkran
beauty contest is held and
accompanied by merit-making
and entertainment. Khao San
Road, Bang Lamphu area is
also one of the high-spots
in the city to experience the
water-throwing activities
between locals and tourists.
http://thailand-festivals.com/
featured/thailand-major-
events.html
70
5. Harbin China The festival has been held

International since 1963. It had been
Ice and Snow interrupted for a number of
Sculpture years during the Cultural
Festival Revolution until it was
resumed in 1985. Officially,
the festival starts January 5th
and lasts one month. However
the exhibits often open earlier
and stay longer, weather
permitting. Ice sculpture
decoration technology ranges
from the modern (using
lasers) to traditional (with
ice lanterns). There are ice
lantern park touring activities
held in many parks in the
city. Winter activities in the
festival include Yabuli alpine
skiing, winter-swimming in the
Songhua River, and the ice-
lantern exhibition in Zhaolin
Garden.
Harbin_International_Ice_
and_Snow_Sculpture_Festival
71
Topic 7: Tourism Regions
Major tourism regions: Health
Topic 7: Tourism Regions Resources Time

Major tourism regions: Health allowed
* Suggest health advices for p. 18-19
travellers • Activity
* Identify the tropical diseases • Health
Information
Leaflets

allowed
Students are required to use the • Health
available information sources to Information
advise the travellers what health Leaflets
risks they may face in the country http://www.
to which they intend to travel. travelhealth.
✓ Advise if there are any vac- gov.hk/
cinations they need to have,
whether a certificate is neces-
sary
✓ What general health precau-
tions they should take, includ-
ing whether the local water is
safe to drink
73

allowed
Students are required to identity • Health
the tropical diseases to which Information
the traveller might be exposed. Leaflets
For each provide the following http://www.
information: travelhealth.
✓ parts of the world where the gov.hk/
disease is common
✓ how it is contracted
✓ precautions which can be
taken, included
- when to inoculate
- how long until the inocula-
tion becomes effective
- how long it is effective for
74
Activity 1: Health advice for travellers
Using the available information sources, advise the following

clients what health risks they may face in the country to which
they intend to travel. Advise if there are any vaccinations they
need to have, whether a certificate is necessary and what
general health precautions they should take, including whether
the local water is safe to drink.
Client 1: Travelling to Acapulco in Mexico for 2 weeks, staying

in a 4-star hotel.
Vaccinations:
Health recommendations:
75
Client 2: Travelling to the ‘Golden Triangle’ in India (Agra, New

Delhi, Jaipur), staying in hotels.
Vaccinations:
76
Using the available information sources, advise the following

clients what health risks they may face in the country to which
they intend to travel. Advise if there are any vaccinations they
need to have, whether a certificate is necessary and what
general health precautions they should take, including whether
the local water is safe to drink.
Client 1: Travelling to Acapulco in Mexico for 2 weeks,

staying in a 4-star hotel.
Vaccinations:
➤ No compulsory vaccinations
➤ Recommended: Hepatitis A, Typhoid, Tetanus, Polio
➤ Recommended if staying long term: Rabies and Hepatitis B
➤ No risk of Malaria in Acapulco
Water supplied in bottles and from taps marked ‘drinking/
sterilised water’ in hotels can be drunk without precautions.
All other water should be regarded as being potentially
contaminated. Water used for drinking, brushing teeth or
making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise sterilised.
Avoid dairy products that are likely to have been made from
unboiled milk. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish, preferably
served hot. Pork, salad and mayonnaise may carry increased
risk. Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.
77
Client 2: Travelling to the ‘Golden Triangle’ in India (Agra,

New Delhi, Jaipur), staying in hotels.
Vaccinations:
➤ No compulsory vaccinations, although a certificate of vac-
cination for Yellow Fever may be required if entering from
an endemic area. Recommended: Hepatitis A, Typhoid,
Tetanus, Polio, Meningitis, and Encephalitis
➤ Recommended if staying long term: Diphtheria, Rabies and
Hepatitis B
➤ Risk of Malaria
➤ Meningococcal meningitis is present in New Delhi from
November to May. Vaccination is advisable.
All water should be regarded as being potentially contaminated.
Well water near the Ganges and in West Bengal may contain
traces of arsenic chemical. Water used for drinking, brushing
teeth or making ice should have first been boiled or otherwise
sterilised. Milk is unpasteurised and should be boiled. Avoid
dairy products that are likely to have been made from unboiled
milk. Only eat well-cooked meat and fish, preferably served
hot. Pork, salad and mayonnaise may carry increased risk.
Vegetables should be cooked and fruit peeled.
78
Activity 2: Tropical Diseases
The following are some of the tropical diseases to which the

traveller might be exposed. For each provide the following
information:
✓ parts of the world where the disease is common

✓ how it is contracted
✓ precautions which can be taken, included
- when to inoculate
- how long until the inoculation becomes effective
- how long it is effective for
Cholera
Affected How it is Precautions
area contracted
79
Yellow Fever
area contracted
Malaria
area contracted
80
Typhoid
area contracted
Tetanus
area contracted
81
Polio
area contracted
82
The following are some of the tropical diseases to which the

traveller might be exposed.
Cholera
Affected area How it is Precautions
contracted
Endemic in Spread by Vaccinations are available
India and the ingesting against cholera. However,
tropics. food or water the World Health Organisation
which is con- (WHO) now considers them
taminated by ineffective in preventing the
faeces from spread of the disease, and
an infected they are no longer compulsory.
person. Improved sanitation and better
hygiene are more likely to
combat the disease.
83
Yellow Fever
contracted
Endemic in A viral • Vaccination is compulsory if
central Africa infection travelling within, or arriving
and northern carried by from, an endemic country.
South animals, and Vaccination is given at
America. transferred to special medical centres,
and between which provide certificates.
humans by • One injection becomes
mosquitoes. effective after 10 days, and
provides protection for 10
years.
Malaria
contracted
Endemic in Caused by • No vaccine currently exists.
the tropics, microscopic Preventative tablets can
although parasites be taken - starting 2 weeks
some risk and spread prior to departure and
also exists via mosquito continuing until 4 weeks
in temperate bites. after return.
zones. • Some strains of malaria
are showing increased
resistance to these tablets;
it is important to try to avoid
being bitten by mosquitoes.
84
Typhoid
contracted
Can be found It is spread in • Protection is available by
anywhere in the same way injection, plus a single
the world. as cholera, booster shot, which
so it is most provides lifetime protection.
prevalent in • Capsules are also
areas with available, which require
poor sanita- booster doses annually.
tion.
Tetanus
contracted
Found Spread by • Initial vaccination through
worldwide, it bacteria com- a course of 3 injections at
is commonly monly found monthly intervals.
vaccinated in dirt and • Single booster required
against in the soil, and intro- every 10 years.
UK. duced to the
body through
wounds.
85
Polio
contracted
A viral Commonly • Single booster required
disease which vaccinated every 10 years.
can be found against in the
worldwide. UK, using a
course of oral
vaccines.
86
Western Hemisphere: North America

Western Hemisphere: North allowed
America
Content to be included: * Manual: 3 hrs
* Practise general mapping of • p. 21-23 35 mins
geographical features • Activities
* Identify the tourist information • Atlas
of Canada including:
➤ geographic location • Travel
➤ main tourist attractions and brochures
events • National
➤ key features tourism or-
➤ time zones and time differ- ganizations
ences brochures
* Identify the tourist information • Travel guide
of the USA including: books
➤ geographic location and • Internet
gateway information websites
➤ main tourist attractions and • Tourist
events attraction
➤ key features and events
➤ time zones and time differ- leaflets
ences • Travel
* Information of Mexico videos/ CD-
ROMs
88

allowed
General mapping of • Activity 1 30 mins
geographical features • Atlas
Activity 1:
physical features and main
destinations in the USA and
Canada.
Canada
It is recommended that a wide
variety of trade resources be
used to search for information for
completing the following activities.
Suitable resources include:
✓ Travel brochures
✓ National tourism organizations
brochures
✓ Travel guide books
✓ Internet websites
✓ Tourist attraction and events
leaflets
✓ Travel videos/ CD-ROMs
89

allowed
information about gateways to
Canada. Guidelines should be
given for them to learn where
to find each type of information
in those travel trade resources
so that they become efficient in
researching information.
Canada
By using the available resources,
students are required to find out
the requested information about
the famous attractions of Canada.

Students should read Handout 1, • Handout 1
as the next activities are based
on this information about Canada.
The activity asks if statements
about Canada are true or false.
90

allowed
This activity requires students to • Handout 1
complete a paragraph based on
the text in the Handout 1, using a
supplied word bank.

Students would be directed to • Websites
the resource they will use to
identify time zones. Suggested
resources are the ‘Time’ map,
the International Time Calculator
under each country details.
Alternatively, websites could be
used.
Students are requested to name

different time zones in
Canada and state time
differences, both when daylight
saving time is in operation and
when it is not.
91

allowed
USA
It is recommended that a wide
variety of trade resources be
used to search for information for
completing the following activities.
Suitable resources include:
✓ Travel brochures
✓ National tourism organizations
brochures
✓ Travel guide books
✓ Internet websites
✓ Tourist attraction and events
leaflets
✓ Travel videos/ CD-ROMs

information about gateways to the
USA. Guidelines should be given
for them to learn where to find
each type of information in those
travel trade resources so that they
become efficient in researching
information.
92

allowed
the famous attractions of the USA.

the important visitor attractions of
the USA.

Students would be directed to • Websites
the resource they will use to
identify time zones. Suggested
resources are the ‘Time’ map, the
International Time Calculator in
the OAG Flight Guide Supplement
under each country details.
Alternatively, websites could be
used.
93
Teacher Notes Resources Time al-

lowed
Students are requested to name
different time zones in the USA
and state time differences, both
when daylight saving time is in
operation and when it is not.

Student should read through • Handout 2
Handout 2. The activity is a cross-
word, with the clues all referring
to information to be found in the
handout.
94
Activity 1: Physical features and

main destinations in the USA and Canada
By referring to the atlas,
a. Label the following geographical features on the map below.
1. Gulf of Mexico 2. Rocky 3. Lake Ontario

Mountains
4. Hudson Bay 5. Grand Canyon 6. Sierra Madre

Mountains
7. Atlantic Ocean 8. Pacific Ocean 9. Caribbean Sea
95
b. Plot the following destinations on the map below.
10. San 11. Toronto 12. Washington

Francisco DC
13. New York City 14. Boston 15. Calgary
16. Vancouver 17. Los 18. Orlando,

Angeles Florida
19. Hawaii 20. Miami 21. San Diego
22. Las Vegas 23. Denver 24. Aspen
25. Vail 26. Quebec 27. Halifax
28. Banff 29. Lake Louise 30. Jasper
96
Map of North America
97
a. Map of plotted North America geographical features
98
b. Map of plotted USA and Canada destinations
99
Activity 2: Travel Information of Canada
Use the available resources and answer the following questions.
1. What is the capital

city?
2. What is/are the

official language(s) of
the country?
3. What is the unit of

currency used?
4. In which province is
Toronto?
5. Which province
in Canada has a
coastline on the
Pacific Ocean?
100
6. What is the name of

the main gateway
airport in Toronto?
7. What is the
international 3-letter
code for this airport?
8. What is the name of

the main gateway
airport in Vancouver?
9. What is the
international 3-letter
10. Approximately how

far from Vancouver
city centre is this
airport?
11. Approximately how

long would it take
to transfer from the
airport to the city by
public transport?
101
Travel Information of Canada
1. What is the capital city? Ottawa
2. What is/are the official language(s) English and French

of the country?
3. What is the unit of currency used? Canadian Dollar
4. In which province is Toronto? Ontario
5. Which province in Canada has a British Columbia

coastline on the Pacific Ocean?
102
6. What is the name of the main Lester B Pearson

gateway airport in Toronto? International
7. What is the international 3-letter YYZ

8. What is the name of the main Vancouver

gateway airport in Vancouver? International
9. What is the international 3-letter YVR

10. Approximately how far from Airport located 9

Vancouver city centre is this miles / 15km south-
airport? west of Vancouver.
11. Approximately how long would it Journey time by

take to transfer from the airport to public transport
the city by public transport? approximately 45
minutes.
103
Activity 3: Attractions of Canada
Using the available resources, find out the requested information

about these famous attractions of Canada.
1. a. What is the name of the

major event involving
cowboys that takes
place in Calgary each
year?
b. In what month does this
event occur?
c. How long does the event

last?
d. Give a brief description

of some of the main
things that happen at
this event.
2. a. What is the name of the
spectacular waterfalls
that lie on the border
between the USA and
Canada?
104
b. What is the name of

this waterfall on the
Canadian side?
c. What would be the

nearest international
gateway airport to these
waterfalls?
3. a. The world’s tallest free-
standing structure is
found in Toronto. What
is its name?
b. Of which lake does it
offer stunning views?
4. a. Whistler, Banff, Lake

Louise and Jasper are
popular resorts for which
type of sport?
b. In which provinces are
each of these resorts?
105
Attractions of Canada
1. a. What is the name of the Calgary Stampede

major event involving
cowboys that takes place
in Calgary each year?
b. In what month does this July
event occur?
c. How long does the event 10 days

last?
d. Give a brief description Example: Rodeo, bull riding,

of some of the main bronco riding, wild horse
things that happen at this racing, chuckwagon races,
event. agriculture and livestock
displays, live music, etc.
2. a. What is the name of the Niagara Falls
spectacular waterfalls
that lie on the border
between the USA and
Canada?
106
b. What is the name of Horseshoe Falls

this waterfall on the
Canadian side?
c. What would be the Lester B Pearson in Toronto
nearest international
gateway airport to these
waterfalls?
3. a. The world’s tallest free- CN Tower
standing structure is
found in Toronto. What is
its name?
b. Of which lake does it Lake Ontario
offer stunning views?
4. a. Whistler, Banff, Lake Skiing and wintersports

Louise and Jasper are
popular resorts for which
type of sport?
b. In which provinces are Banff, Lake Louise and
each of these resorts? Jasper are in Alberta
Province and Whistler is in
British Columbia
107
Handout 1 – Information of Canada
Canada is the second largest country in the world.

Situated in North America, it is made up of 13 provinces or
territories, which extend 7700km (4775 miles) east to west
between the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans and 4600km (2850miles)
north to south between the North Pole and the USA. However,
90% of all the country’s inhabitants are located along the border
with the USA.
The country offers an unrivalled variety of scenery, culture,

wildlife and activities.
The native flora and fauna vary widely. The country comprises
eight vegetation zones, most of which are dominated by forest,
although there are lakes, wheat plains and even a desert. One
of the most common trees is the sugar maple – the leaf of which
appears on the country’s flag and is the country’s national
emblem.
Local animals include the grizzly, black, brown and polar bears,
beaver, buffalo, wolf, coyote, lynx, cougar, deer, caribou, elk and
moose. There are also 500 species of birds, such as the great
blue heron, Canada geese and many varieties of duck.
Canada has 39 national parks, 145 parks-administered national

historic sites and 13 areas of such natural significance that they
are on the UN World Heritage list.
108
Western Canada is known for its Rocky Mountains, while the

east has the country’s major cities and also its most visited
geographic feature, Niagara Falls.
Transport to Canada: Canada is very well connected to the rest

of the world. Flights from many cities around the world are quite
frequent and usually quite cheap. Canada is also accessible by
land using car, bus or train. Some ferry services on the coasts
from the USA operate routes into Canada and cruise ships and
freighters also stop at selected Canadian ports.
Transport within Canada: Canada’s internal transport system

is very good. Its air transport network is extensive but can be
expensive, especially when travelling north. Bus is the most
common method for travelling short distances due to the cost
and efficiency of service offered. The less well-connected but
more comfortable train network connects most of the major cities
from east to west. Driving in Canada is the most flexible, and for
families, the cheapest way to travel. Other ways to travel around
Canada include bicycle, hitchhiking, walking or organised tours.
Canadian culture: Canada has a rich culture that is quite

distinct from its US neighbour. Its cultural heritage draws from
the traditions of its native peoples, its French influence and its
British associations. The many immigrants to Canada have also
brought their languages and culture with them. After English
and French, Cantonese and Mandarin are the most common
languages spoken in Canada.
109
Italian, Punjabi, German, Polish, Spanish, Portuguese, Ukrainian,

Arabic, Dutch, Tagalog (Filipino), Greek and Vietnamese are just
a few of the languages spoken by thousands of Canadians.
Sport and recreation: There is something for everybody all year

round. Ice hockey is more than just a sport to many Canadians
and although not played all year, some sort of sporting activity
is more than likely to be going on. Baseball, lacrosse, curling,
American football, soccer, golf, snow sports – all can be enjoyed
as a spectator or participant. Canada’s nightlife scene, especially
in cities, offers a wide variety of events, shows, clubs, pubs and
even a great selection on television.
Food and drink: Canada does not have a particular dish that is
typically Canadian, although maple syrup is strongly associated
with Canada. Like most of the Canadian culture the food is
ethnic. Due to this the selection of places to eat is plentiful and
the quality of food is high.
110
With a population of people from all over the world, the flavours
from every continent can be found everywhere in Canada. Most
of Canada’s large cities have a Chinatown and some, such as
Toronto, have large communities of individuals from countries
such as Italy where many excellent regional restaurants can be
found.
Restaurants serving regional menus from Thailand, Australia,

China, Japan, Italy, France, India and Ukraine are extremely
popular. Most places are very reasonably priced and serve
extremely good quality food. Fast-food restaurants and drive-
thrus are a common sight in Canada. Many international-brand
restaurants can be found in Canada along with Canadian
equivalents.
Shopping and souvenirs: Shopping in Canada is very good,

especially in and around the major cities. There is any number
of huge shopping malls, all with a wide variety of stores ranging
from small specialist shops to large department stores. The
types of souvenirs that are typically Canadian, however, include
Native Canadian jewellery and crafts and of course maple syrup.
111
Activity 4: Information of Canada
Read through Handout 1 about Canada and then circle whether

the statements below are true or false:
1. Canada has 16 provinces TRUE / FALSE
2. Canada has 39 National Parks TRUE / FALSE
3. 90% of Canada’s inhabitants live on the TRUE / FALSE

West Coast
4. The Rocky Mountains are in Eastern TRUE / FALSE
Canada
5. Local animals include the polar bear TRUE / FALSE
6. Bus is a good way to travel within Canada TRUE / FALSE
7. Canada’s culture is ethnically mixed TRUE / FALSE
8. Ice hockey is a very popular sport in TRUE / FALSE

Canada
9. The moose is the national emblem of TRUE / FALSE
Canada
10. It is possible to get French, Italian and TRUE / FALSE
Japanese
restaurants in Canada
112
Information of Canada
1. Canada has 16 provinces FALSE
2. Canada has 39 National Parks TRUE
3. 90% of Canada’s inhabitants live on the FALSE

West Coast
4. The Rocky Mountains are in Eastern FALSE
Canada
5. Local animals include the polar bear TRUE
6. Bus is a good way to travel within Canada TRUE
7. Canada’s culture is ethnically mixed TRUE
8. Ice hockey is a very popular sport in TRUE

Canada
9. The moose is the national emblem of FALSE
Canada
10. It is possible to get French, Italian and TRUE
Japanese
restaurants in Canada
113
Activity 5: Information of Canada
Read this paragraph and fill in the blanks from the word bank
provided below:
food Pacific second sporting maple syrup shopping

good mixed ice hockey Atlantic restaurants languages
Canada is the largest country in

the world. It lies between the and
Oceans. There is access to the
country by road, rail, air and sea.
It has a culture and a wide range of

is spoken. There are many types of
activities available and one of the
most popular is .
There is no one type of that

can be said to be typically Canadian. The types of
available are from many countries.
There are many malls in Canada.
is a popular gift.
114
Canada is the second largest country in the world. It lies between

the Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. There is good access to the
country by road, rail, air and sea. It has a mixed culture and
a wide range of languages is spoken. There are many types
of sporting activities available and one of the most popular is
ice hockey. There is no one type of food that can be said to be
typically Canadian. The types of restaurants available are from
many countries. There are many shopping malls in Canada.
Maple syrup is a popular gift.
115
Activity 6: Time zones and time differences

in Canada
Using the available resources, answer the following questions:
A. What is the name of the standard time zone in each of the

following places?
(a) Toronto
(b) Vancouver
(c) Calgary
B. How many hours different from GMT is the local time in

each of the following places at each given time of the year?
(d) Toronto in January
(e) Vancouver in February
(f) Calgary in November
(g) Toronto in June
(h) Vancouver in July
(i) Calgary in August
116
Time zones and time differences in Canada

following places:
(a) Toronto Eastern Standard Time
(b) Vancouver Pacific Standard Time
(c) Calgary Mountain Standard Time
B. How many hours different from GMT is the local time in

each of the following places at each given time of the year:
(d) Toronto in January GMT –5
(e) Vancouver in February GMT –7
(f) Calgary in November GMT –6
(g) Toronto in June GMT –4
(h) Vancouver in July GMT –8
(i) Calgary in August GMT –7
117
Activity 7: Travel Information of the USA
Use the available resources and answer the following questions.
1. What is the capital city?
2. What is/are the official

language(s) of the
country?
3. What is the unit of

currency used?
4. In which state is Los

Angeles?
5. Name three states with an

Atlantic Ocean coastline.
6. How many airports serve

New York City?
118
7. Which is the largest

international airport in New
York?
8. What is the international

3-letter code for Orlando
airport in Florida?
9. Approximately how far

from Orlando city centre is
this airport?
10. What is the name of the

international gateway
airport serving Washington
DC?
11. Name three international
gateway airports in
California.
12. Name the state in which you would find the following
airports:
Boston Denver Las Vegas
119
USA
1. What is the capital city? Washington DC
2. What is/are the official English but many areas speak

language(s) of the coun- Spanish
try?
3. What is the unit of cur- US Dollar

rency used?
4. In which state is Los California

Angeles?
5. Name three states with an Any from: Florida, Georgia,

Atlantic Ocean coastline. South Carolina, North Caro-
lina, Virginia, Maryland, New
Jersey, Connecticut, Rhode
Island, Massachusetts, New
Hampshire, Maine
6. How many airports serve 3 (JFK, La Guardia, Newark)
New York City?
120
7. Which is the largest John F Kennedy International

international airport in New
York?
8. What is the international MCO

3-letter code for Orlando
airport in Florida?
9. Approximately how far 8 miles / 13km South East of

from Orlando city centre is Orlando
this airport?
10. What is the name of the Dulles International

airport serving Washington
DC?
11. Name three international Los Angeles, San Francisco,
gateway airports in Cali- San Diego
fornia.
12. Name the state in which you would find the following
airports:
Boston Denver Las Vegas
Massachusetts Colorado Nevada
121
Activity 8: Attractions of the USA
Using the available resources, find out the requested information

about these famous attractions of the USA.
1. a. What is the name of

the bridge that is San
Francisco’s most famous
landmark?
b. What is the name of the
infamous attraction that
sits on ‘the Rock’ in San
Francisco Bay?
c. What is the name of
the famous theme park
located in Anaheim,
California, where you
can meet well-known
cartoon characters?
d. Name two national parks
in California.
2. a. What is the name of

the visitor complex at
Cape Canaveral, Florida,
where spectacular
launches can be viewed?
122
b. Name three major theme

parks in the Orlando
area in Florida.
c. Give the name of one

national park in Florida,
which lies south of
Miami.
3. a. How tall is the Empire
State Building in New
York?
b. What is the name of the

famous square in New
York, just north of 42nd
Street, which has many
neon signs and huge TV
screens?
c. On which date do
Americans celebrate
their independence with
parades and fireworks?
123
Attractions of the USA
1. a. What is the name of Golden Gate Bridge

the bridge that is San
Francisco’s most famous
landmark?
b. What is the name of the Alcatraz Prison
infamous attraction that
sits on ‘the Rock’ in San
Francisco Bay?
c. What is the name of Disneyland Resort
the famous theme park
located in Anaheim, Cali-
fornia, where you can
meet well-known cartoon
characters?
d. Name two national parks There are at least 20
in California. national parks in California,
but two that are perhaps
most famous are Death
Valley and Yosemite.
124
2. a. What is the name of Kennedy Space Center

the visitor complex at
Cape Canaveral, Flor-
ida, where spectacular
launches can be viewed?
b. Name three major theme There are many to choose
parks in the Orlando from:
area in Florida. Walt Disney World Resort,
Universal Orlando, Sea
World Adventure Park, etc.
c. Give the name of one The 3 National Parks in
national park in Florida, this area are: Everglades;
which lies south of Mi- Biscayne; Dry Tortugas
ami.
3. a. How tall is the Empire 443.2 metres (1454 feet)
State Building in New
York?
b. What is the name of the Times Square
famous square in New
York, just north of 42nd
Street, which has many
neon signs and huge TV
screens?
c. On which date do 4 July
Americans celebrate
their independence with
parades and fireworks?
125
126
Activity 9: Attractions of the USA
Look at the pictures of the three famous statues below. These are important visitor attractions in the
USA. You have been given the name of each statue. Use the resources available to you to answer the
additional questions.
The picture below is of In which state is this famous What the names of the four US
the Mount Rushmore visitor attraction located? presidents?
National Memorial
The picture below is of Describe where it is situated Who gave it as a gift to the people of USA
the Statue of Liberty and why?
The picture below is of In which city is this famous What is inscribed on its southern wall?
the Lincoln Memorial visitor attraction located?
127
128
Attractions of the USA
The picture below is of In which state is this famous What the names of the four US
the Mount Rushmore visitor attraction located? presidents?

National Memorial
South Dakota George Washington
Thomas Jefferson
Theodore Roosevelt
Abraham Lincoln
The picture below is of Describe where it is situated Who gave it as a gift to the people of USA
the Statue of Liberty and why?
On Liberty Island in New York The French gave it as a gift to
Harbour commemorate the 100th anniversary of
American Independence
The picture below is of In which city is this famous What is inscribed on its southern wall?
the Lincoln Memorial visitor attraction located?
Washington DC The text of the Gettysburg Address and a
mural painted by Jules Guerin, showing
the angel of truth liberating a slave.
129
Activity 10: Time zones and time differences

in the USA
Using the available resources, answer the following questions:

following places:
(a) Los Angeles

(b) New York
(c) Orlando
(d) San Francisco
(e) Hawaii
(f) Denver
B. How many hours different from GMT is the local time in each
of the following places:
(g) San Francisco in January

(h) Los Angeles in July
(i) New York in August
(j) Miami in February
(k) Orlando in June
(l) Hawaii in July
(m) Denver in November
(n) Hawaii in December
130
Time zones and time differences in the USA

following places:
(a) Los Angeles Pacific Standard Time

(b) New York Eastern Standard Time
(c) Orlando Eastern Standard Time
(d) San Francisco Pacific Standard Time
(e) Hawaii Aleutian/Hawaii Standard Time
(f) Denver Mountain Standard Time
B. How many hours different from GMT is the local time in each
of the following places:
(g) San Francisco in January GMT –8

(h) Los Angeles in July GMT –7
(i) New York in August GMT –4
(j) Miami in February GMT –5
(k) Orlando in June GMT –4
(l) Hawaii in July GMT –10
(m) Denver in November GMT –7
GMT–10 (Hawaii does
(n) Hawaii in December not observe Daylight
Saving Time).
131
Handout 2 – Information of the USA
The USA covers a large part of the North American continent

and shares borders with Canada to the north and Mexico to the
south. It is made up of 50 states, with coasts on the Atlantic,
Pacific and Arctic oceans, the Caribbean Sea and the Gulf of
Mexico. The State of Alaska, in the Northwest corner of the
continent, is separated from the rest of the country by Canada.
Hawaii lies in the central Pacific Ocean.
The USA is the third-largest country in the world (after the

Russian Federation and Canada) and has an enormous diversity
of geographical features. The climate ranges from subtropical to
Arctic, with a corresponding breadth of flora and fauna.
Some native wildlife includes deer, black bear, puma, beaver,

muskrat and snapping turtles. Landscapes include coniferous
forests, the grasslands of the Great Plains, swamps, Alpine
tundra and deserts.
The capital city is Washington, DC, with a population of just

over half a million at the 2010 census. However, the largest city
is New York, with a population of over 8.17 million. Other large
cities with populations of over a million include Chicago, Dallas,
Houston, Los Angeles, Philadelphia, Phoenix, San Antonio and
San Diego.
132
Tourism centres mainly on the subtropical states of Florida,

California and Hawaii, the winter ski resorts and the huge
cities. However, what makes the USA truly distinctive are the
breathtaking landscapes, like the Grand Canyon, the Rocky
Mountains and impressive national parks like Yosemite and the
Everglades.
Transport to and within the USA is very good, with a vast

network of gateway airports, domestic airports, seaports,
railroads and buses serving the country. Because of the vast
distances, flying is a popular way to travel with many airlines
offering commuter services between cities. Amtrak Rail and
Greyhound Buses also have regular services between most
major centres of population. Much of the USA has been built
around the car and in Los Angeles it would be difficult to get
around without one. However, in other cities the traffic can make
travelling by car uninviting.
For example, in New York, an underground system and river

ferries offer alternatives to driving. As do the famous yellow
taxicabs, which can be hailed from the kerbside. However, in
other cities, taxis will not pick up from the roadside and have to
be telephoned.
San Francisco is built on steep hills and so driving and parking

are difficult there too. However, the city has a good tram network,
which offers a novel way of getting around.
133
Food and drink: In large cities, restaurants are mostly

modern and very clean, offering vast ranges of cuisine, prices
and facilities. US breakfasts are especially notable for such
specialities as pancakes or waffles with maple syrup, fries and
grits (a Southern dish made from corn kernels) and fresh coffee.
Fast-food chains serving hot dogs, hamburgers and pizzas and
southern fried chicken are everywhere.
Regional specialities range from Spanish and Mexican flavours

in the Southwest to Creole, French and ‘Soul Food’ in the Deep
South, Tex-Mex in Texas, seafood chowder in New England,
and the health-conscious, fresh and lean California cuisine.
Drinking laws are set by the individual States and the legal age
for drinking varies between 18 to 21 from State to State. Visitors
may be asked to produce some form of identity that will prove
their age. Beer is the most popular and widespread drink and is
served ice cold. Californian wines are also very popular.
Culture: Over the past 500 years, people from all over the world
have come to America to colonise and settle, thus adding to the
richness and diversity of its culture. The holidays that are closest
to the peoples’ hearts are Thanksgiving, Christmas, the Fourth
of July and Halloween, which are all celebrated in a big way.
Smoking is becoming increasingly unpopular in the US and is

often considered offensive. Smoking is forbidden on city transport
and often restricted or forbidden in public buildings. There will
134
usually be a notice where no smoking is requested and most

restaurants have smoking and non-smoking sections. Smoking
is banned in all restaurants in California and New York City.
Tipping is also an important aspect of US culture, as service

charges are not usually included in the bill and waiters depend
heavily on tips for their income. Waiters generally expect 15 to
20 per cent, as do taxi drivers and hairdressers. Porters are
usually tipped $1 per bag.
Shopping: Variety, late opening hours, competitive prices and

an abundance of modern goods typify US shopping. Many small
stores, specialist food shops and hypermarkets are open 24
hours a day. Clothes and electronic goods can be bought direct
from factories. Retail outlets range from flea markets and bargain
stores to large chain department stores. Malls are a popular way
of shopping in the USA and consist of a cluster of different kinds
of shops in one building, often a few storeys high, connected by
an indoor plaza.
A sales tax is levied on most or all items in most States and

the addition is not included on the price label. Sales tax can be
between 3 to 15 per cent, depending on the State; some States
have no sales tax at all.
Sports: As might be imagined in such a huge country, the range

and diversity of sporting pursuits is wide.
135
Outdoor sports: The vast expanses of wilderness, mountains,

forest, canyons and coastlines of the USA lend themselves to
a wide range of outdoor pursuits – from trekking in the Sierra
Nevada Mountains, white water rafting through the Grand
Canyon on the Colorado River, canoeing down the Mississippi
River, fishing on the Great Lakes, sailing in Florida, diving in
Hawaii to skiing in the Rocky Mountains. Rock climbing and
mountaineering are particularly popular in the Sierra Nevada
and in the Rocky Mountains
Games: Often called ‘the nation’s pastime’, baseball is an

important part of the US psyche. From April to September, 162
games are played in total, culminating in the post-season World
Series championships. American football then takes over and
is played over the winter. College basketball is also surprisingly
high profile, and the popularity of ice hockey has expanded from
Canadian and far northern cities to the rest of the USA.
Racing: The heart of horseracing in the USA is the ‘bluegrass

country’, focused around the State of Kentucky, with their
136
most important races of the year being the Bluegrass Stakes

and the Kentucky Derby. There are also major tracks in New
England. Rodeos, a legacy of the historical development that
resulted from the spread of cattle ranching, are frequently held in
Colorado, Oklahoma, Texas and throughout the western States.
The USA also hosts the world’s largest motor racing event, the
Indianapolis 500, held annually in May.
Winter sports: The USA offers some of the world’s best skiing
runs, particularly in the Rocky Mountains and the Sierra Nevada.
The Rocky Mountain States (and Colorado in particular) are
particularly good for downhill skiing, the best-known resorts
including Aspen, Big Sky, Jackson Hole and Vail.
Water sports: A very popular sport in the US is surfing and

Hawaii, with its legendary winter swells at northern Oahu Sunset
Beach, Waimea and the Banzai, remains one of the USA’s (and
the world’s) most famous surfing destinations. California also
has some good breaks in Malibu, Rincon and Steamer Lane.
During winter, southern California is also superb, with swells at

Huntingdon Beach and Santa Cruz. Diving and snorkelling are
particularly good in California, Florida, Hawaii and along the East
Coast. Other popular water sports include sailing, windsurfing,
sea kayaking and jet skiing.
Sources :
US Census Bureau 2010 Census Briefs -
http://www.census.gov/prod/cen2010/briefs/c2010br-01.pdf
137
Activity 11: Information of the USA
Read through Handout 2 and use this to help you complete the
following crossword about the USA.
Across Down
1. Popular sport in Vail, 1. Water creatures that nip!
Colorado (6) (8 + 7)
2. US state in the Central 3. Winter sport resort in
Pacific (6) Colorado (5)
4. US holiday, held every 5. Large geological feature in
November (12) Western USA (5 + 6)
138
6. Customary to give to 8. Breakfast dish made with

waiters (3) corn kernels (5)
7. Capital of the country (10) 9. Type of shopping place
popular in US (5)
11. USA is the ………. largest 10. Popular drink made in
country in the world. (5) California (4)
13. This is paid on most 12. Texas city, over a million
goods for sale and varies inhabitants (6)
between states (3)
14. Largest creature of the 14. The US ‘nation’s pastime’
wilderness regions (4) (8)
15. Large Californian National 16. The US shares its southern
Park (8) border with this country (6
17. In New York these are 18. Popular drink in USA,
yellow (8) drunk ice cold (4)
20. This is increasingly 19. Cowboy-style
frowned upon (7) entertainment frequently
held in Colorado,
Oklahoma, Texas (5)
21. Hot beverage service with 22. Creole, Tex-Mex and New
breakfast (6) England Chowder are
types of US__________ ?
(4)
23. Sub-tropical southern state
popular with winter visitors
(7)
139
Read through Handout 2 and use this to help you complete the
following crossword.
Across Down
1. Popular sport in Vail, Colo- 1. Water creatures that nip!
rado (6) (8 + 7)
2. US state in the Central 3. Winter sport resort in Colo-
Pacific (6) rado (5)
4. US holiday, held every 5. Large geological feature in
November (12) Western USA (5 + 6)
140
6. Customary to give to wait- 8. Breakfast dish made with

ers (3) corn kernels (5)
7. Capital of the country (10) 9. Type of shopping place
popular in US (5)
11. USA is the ………. largest 10. Popular drink made in
country in the world. (5) California (4)
13. This is paid on most goods 12. Texas city, over a million
for sale and varies bet- inhabitants (6)
ween states (3)
14. Largest creature of the 14. The US ‘nation’s pastime’
wilderness regions (4) (8)
15. Large Californian National 16. The US shares its southern

Park (8) border with this country (6
17. In New York these are 18. Popular drink in USA,
yellow (8) drunk ice cold (4)
20. This is increasingly frow- 19. Cowboy-style entertain-
ned upon (7) ment frequently held in
Colorado, Oklahoma,
Texas (5)
21. Hot beverage service with 22. Creole, Tex-Mex and New
breakfast (6) England Chowder are
types of US__________ ?
(4)
23. Sub-tropical southern state
popular with winter visitors
(7)
141
Handout 3 : Map of Mexico
Identify the cities on the map
1. Mexico City
2. Cancun
3. Acapulco
142
Handout 3 : Mexico
143
Western Hemisphere: Central and South America
Western Hemisphere:
Central and South America

Western Hemisphere: Central allowed
and South America
Content to be included: * Manual: 1 hr
• Practise general mapping of p. 21, 24-25 40 mins
• Identify the tourist information • Atlas
of Central and countries in • Travel
South America including: brochures
➤ Languages spoken • National
➤ Currencies tourism or-
➤ geographic locations and ganizations
gateways brochures
➤ time zones and time differ- • Travel guide
ences books
➤ main tourist attractions and • Internet
events websites
• Travel
videos/ CD-
ROMs
145
Western Hemisphere:

allowed
General mapping of
geographical features
Students are required to locate • Atlas
physical features and main
attractions in the Central and
South America.
Tourist information of countries

in Central and South America
Students are required to identify
the languages of the countries.

Students are requested to:
a. match the currencies to the
appropriate country
b. find out the names of the
currencies used in the
Caribbean Islands.

Students are requested to use the
available information sources to
answer questions.
146
Western Hemisphere:

allowed
Students are requested to state
time differences.

Students are required to use the
available resources to find out
information about the attractions.

about the Rio de Janeiro carnival
and then complete the paragraph
in the text box
147
Western Hemisphere:
Activity 1: Physical features and main attractions

of Central and South America
Using the atlas, plot the following places on the blank map of
Central and South America provided on the next page:
a. Plot the countries by their number of 1–5 to save space.
1. Ecuador 2. Peru 3. Brazil

4. Argentina
b. Plot the cities, resorts and features listed below:
5. Lima 6. Buenos Aires 7. Rio de Janeiro

8. Amazon River 9. Iguacu Falls 10. Lake Titicaca
11. Galapagos
Islands 12. Macchu Picchu
c. Plot the following Caribbean Islands:
13. Cuba 14. Jamaica 15. Antigua

18. Dominican
16. Barbados 17. St Lucia Republic
148
Western Hemisphere:
Note:
Cities: Use a square (■) symbol to indicate a capital city and
a smaller circle (●) to indicate cities/destinations that are not a
capital city.
Attractions and features: Use a diamond (◊) to indicate an

attraction and draw in a rough outline of the river.
149
Western Hemisphere:
Map of Central and South America
150
Western Hemisphere:
Map of plotted Central and South America destinations
151
Western Hemisphere:
Activity 2: Languages used in Central

and South America
Find out what are the official languages of the following countries.
a. Peru
b. Brazil
c. Argentina
d. Dominican
Republic
e. Cuba
f. St Lucia
g. Barbados
h. Antigua
152
Western Hemisphere:
Languages used in Central and South America
a. Peru Spanish and Quechua are the official

languages
b. Brazil Portuguese, with different regional

accents
c. Argentina Spanish (also English and some

French and German)
d. Dominican Spanish (some English and French

Republic also spoken)
e. Cuba Spanish (some English and French

also spoken)
f. St Lucia English (local French patois also

widely spoken)
g. Barbados English (Local Bajan dialect is also

spoken)
h. Antigua English (English patois is also widely

spoken)
153
Western Hemisphere:
Activity 3: Currencies used in Central

and counties in South America
a. Draw lines to match up the following currencies to the

appropriate country.
Currency Country
Peso Ecuador
US Dollar Brazil
New Sol Argentina
Real Peru
b. Find out the names of the currencies used in each of the

following Caribbean Islands.
Country Currency Used
Dominican Republic
Cuba
St Lucia
Barbados
Antigua
154
Western Hemisphere:
Currencies used in Central and counties in South America

a. Match up the units of currency to the correct country:
Currency Country
Peso Ecuador
US Dollar Brazil
New Sol Argentina
Real Peru
b. Names of currencies used in the following Caribbean Islands:
Country Currency Used
Dominican Republic Dominican Republic Peso
Cuba Cuban Peso
St Lucia Eastern Caribbean Dollar
Barbados Barbados Dollar
Antigua Eastern Caribbean Dollar
155
Western Hemisphere:
Activity 4: General information about

South America
Use the available information sources to answer the following

questions.
1. What is the capital city of

Brazil?
2. In which country is the

capital city called Quito?
3. Brazil shares a border

with how many countries?
4. On which ocean is Peru’s

coastline?
5. Brazil has a coastline on

which ocean?
6. The Galapagos Islands

are in which ocean?
156
Western Hemisphere:
7. Of which country are the

Galapagos Islands a part?

large mountain range in
Peru?

two main gateway airports
serving Ecuador?
10. Name three international

gateway airports in
Argentina.
11. Name the country in which you would find the following
airports:
Recife Havana

Cuba?
13. In which Caribbean Island

is the capital city called
Castries?
157
Western Hemisphere:

the Dominican Republic?
15. The Dominican Republic

shares a border with which
other country?

airport serving Barbados?
17. How many airports does

Cuba have?
18. In Cuba, which is the

closest airport to the resort
of Antilla?
19. In which Island group in

the Caribbean is Antigua?
20. Is St Lucia part of the

Leeward Islands or the
Windward Islands?
21. Is Cuba in the Greater

Antilles or the Lesser
Antilles?
158
Western Hemisphere:
General information about South America
1. What is the capital city of Brasilia

Brazil?
2. In which country is the Ecuador

capital city called Quito?
3. Brazil shares a border with 10 (Uruguay, Argentina,

how many countries? Paraguay, Bolivia, Peru,
Columbia, Venezuela, Guy-
ana,
Surinam, French Guiana)
4. On which ocean is Peru’s Pacific
coastline?
5. Brazil has a coastline on South Atlantic

which ocean?
159
Western Hemisphere:
6. The Galapagos Islands are Pacific

in which ocean?
7. Of which country are the Ecuador

Galapagos Islands a part?
8. What is the name of the Andes

large mountain range in
Peru?
9. What is the name of the Quito (UIO) Guayaquil (GYE)
two main gateway airports
serving Ecuador?
10. Name three international COR (Cordoba), EZE (Bue-
gateway airports in nos
Argentina. Aires) RGL (Rio Gallegos)
11. Name the country in which you would find the following
airports:
Recife Havana
Brazil Cuba
12. What is the capital city of Havana

Cuba?
13. In which Caribbean Island St Lucia

is the capital city called
Castries?
160
Western Hemisphere:
14. What is the capital city of Santo Domingo

the Dominican Republic?
15. The Dominican Republic Haiti

shares a border with which
other country?
16. What is the name of the Barbados Grantley Adams
airport serving Barbados?
17. How many airports does Six

Cuba have?
18. In Cuba, which is the Holguin

closest airport to the resort
of Antilla?
19. In which Island group in Leeward Islands/Lesser
the Caribbean is Antigua? Antilles
20. Is St Lucia part of the Windward Islands

Leeward Islands or the
Windward Islands?
21. Is Cuba in the Greater Greater Antilles
Antilles or the Lesser
Antilles?
161
Western Hemisphere:
Activity 5: Time differences in Central and South

America
Use the time maps, international time calculator or other available

sources to find out how many hours different from GMT the local
time is in each of the following places:
(a) Rio de Janeiro in January
(b) Quito in July
(c) Cancun in August
(d) Galapagos Islands in June
(e) Lima in July
(f) Cuba in January
(g) Dominican Republic in July
(h) Barbados in August
(i) St Lucia in February
(j) Dominican Republic in January
(k) Cuba in July
162
Western Hemisphere:
Time differences in Central and South America
(a) Rio de Janeiro in January GMT –2
(b) Quito in July GMT –5
(c) Cancun in August GMT –5
(d) Galapagos Islands in June GMT –6
(e) Lima in July GMT –5
(f) Cuba in January GMT –5
(g) Dominican Republic in July GMT –4
(h) Barbados in August GMT –4
(i) St Lucia in February GMT –4
(j) Dominican Republic in January GMT –4
(k) Cuba in July GMT –4
163
Western Hemisphere:
Activity 6: Attractions in South America
Use the available resources to find out information about the

attractions below.
1. The Iguacu
Falls are in
which country?
2. The Parana
River divides
into how many
separate falls
to form the
Iguacu Falls?
3. The Statue
of Christ the
Redeemer
overlooks
which city?
4. How many
metres tall is
the statue?
164
Western Hemisphere:
5. Macchu Picchu
is in which
country?
6. It is an
archaeological
site for which
ancient race?
7. Lake Titicaca
lies on
the border
between which
two countries?
8. Its shape
is said to
resemble
which animal
when viewed
from above?
9. These islands
are famous
for being the
inspiration of
whose tehory
of evolution?
10. Which animals
are the islands
most famous
for?
165
Western Hemisphere:
1. The Iguacu Brazil / Argentina

Falls are in border
which country?
2. The Parana 275
River divides
into how many
separate falls
to form the
Iguacu Falls?
3. The Statue Rio de Janeiro
of Christ the
Redeemer
overlooks
which city?
4. How many 30 metres
metres tall is
the statue?
166
Western Hemisphere:
5. Macchu Picchu Peru

is in which
country?
6. It is an Incas
archaeological
site for which
ancient race?
7. Lake Titicaca Peru and Bolivia

lies on
the border
between which
two countries?
8. Its shape Puma
is said to
resemble
which animal
when viewed
from above?
9. These islands Charles Darwin
are famous
for being the
inspiration of
whose tehory
of evolution?
10. Which animals Giant tortoises
are the islands
most famous
for?
167
Western Hemisphere:
Activity 7: Rio de Janeiro Carnival
Use the available resources to find out about the Rio de Janeiro
carnival and then complete the paragraph in the text box below
using the words shown.
Easter Carnival tourists March Saturday

Portugal Wednesday February Samba street 15th
Rio de Janeiro ________________________ is one of the

biggest festivals in the world. Hundreds and thousands of
_______________________ and locals participate in the
fun. The event originates from the ___________________
revelry event that took place in ______________________
in the _______________________ century. The
event date varies each year but is usually around the
end of ____________________ to the beginning of
____________________. It starts on a ________________
and goes on until the following ___________________. Events
include _____________________ parades, carnival balls and
________________________ school parades.
168
Western Hemisphere:
Rio de Janeiro Carnival
Rio de Janeiro Carnival is one of the biggest festivals in the

world. Hundreds and thousands of tourists and locals participate
in the fun. The event originates from the Easter revelry event
that took place in Portugal in the 15th century. The event date
varies each year but is usually around the end of February to the
beginning of March. It starts on a Saturday and goes on until the
following Wednesday. Events include street parades, carnival
balls and Samba school parades.
169
Eastern Hemisphere: Europe

Eastern Hemisphere: Europe allowed
Content to be included: * Manual: 1 hr
• Practise general mapping p. 26-30 50 mins
of geographic locations and • Activities
features • Atlas
• Identify the tourist information • Travel
of countries in Europe includ- brochures
ing: • National
➤ location of resorts tourism or-
➤ capital cities ganizations
➤ main tourist attractions brochures
• Travel guide
books
• Internet
websites
• Travel
videos/ CD-
ROMs
171

allowed
Activity 1:
the countries and the cities in
Europe.

Students are required to locate • Atlas
the geographical features in
Europe including:
a. water features
b. mountain ranges
Tourist information of countries

in Europe
Students are requested to identify
the following:
a. coastal regions of the
European seas.
b. mountain ranges crossed
countries
172

allowed
Students are asked to identify the
places of lake and winter sports
resorts and their locations.

Students are requested to
match the capital cities with the
countries.

information about the attractions.
173
Activity 1: Countries and cities in Europe
Using the atlas to guide you, plot the following countries, capitals
and popular city break destinations on the map of Europe
provided on the next page:

1. Belgium 2. Ireland 3. Denmark
4. Austria 5. Finland 6. Sweden
7. Cyprus 8. Malta 9. Hungary
10. Czech Republic
b. Plot the cities listed below. Use a square (■) symbol to

indicate a capital city and a smaller circle (●) to indicate
cities that are not a capital city.
11. Vienna 12. Prague 13. Bruges
14. Brussels 15. Dubrovnik 16. Stockholm
17. Copenhagen 18. Budapest 19. Helsinki
20. Geneva 21. Munich 22. Krakow
23. Porto 24. Dublin 25. Lisbon
174
Map of Europe
175
Map of plotted countries and cities in Europe
176
Activity 2: Geographical features in Europe
Using the atlas to guide you, plot the following geographical

features on to the map of Europe provided.
a. Plot the following seas, rivers and water features:

1. Ionian Sea 2. Baltic Sea 3. North Sea
4. Black Sea 5. Western fjords 6. Aegean Sea
7. Adriatic Sea 8. Bay of Biscay 9. River Douro
10. River Rhine 11. River Danube 12. Mediterranean Sea
b. Plot the following mountain ranges:

13. Carpathians 14. Alps 15. Pyrenees
16. Apennines 17. Balkans
177
Map of Europe
178
a. Map of plotted seas, rivers and water features in Europe
179
b. Map of plotted mountain ranges in Europe
180
Activity 3: European Seas and Mountains (1)
a. Using the atlas, find out which of these countries have a coastline on which sea. Tick the box or boxes
that apply.
Sea:
Baltic Black North Adriatic Ionian Aegean Mediterranean
Country:
Greece
Turkey
Italy
Spain
181
United Kingdom
Denmark
Sweden
Norway
Cyprus
France
Egypt
182
Activity 3: European Seas and Mountains (2)
b. Using the atlas, find out in which of the countries listed below the following mountain ranges are found.
Tick the box or boxes that apply.
Mountains:
Alps Pyrenees Apennines Balkans Carpathians
Country:
France
Italy
Switzerland
Austria
Bulgaria
183
184
Spain
Romania
Ukraine
Poland
Slovakia
Czech Republic
Slovenia
Activity 3: Suggested Answers (1)
European Seas
a. Using the atlas, find out which of these countries have a coastline on which sea. Tick the box or boxes
that apply.
Sea:
Baltic Black North Adriatic Ionian Aegean Mediterranean
Country:
Greece √ √ √
Turkey √ √ √
Italy √ √ √
Spain √
185
186
Sweden √
Denmark √ √
Egypt √
France √
Norway √
United Kingdom √
Cyprus √
Activity 3: Suggested Answers (2)
European Mountains
b. Using the atlas, find out in which of the countries listed below the following mountain ranges are found.
Tick the box or boxes that apply.
Mountains:
Alps Pyrenees Apennines Balkans Carpathians
Country:
France √ √
Italy √ √
Switzerland √
Austria √
187
188
Bulgaria √
Spain √
Romania √
Ukraine √
Poland √
Slovakia √
Czech Republic √
Slovenia √
Activity 4: Lake and Winter Sports Resorts in Europe
Using the atlas or brochures for Lakes and Mountains or Winter Sports to help you, identify whether these
destinations are primarily Lakes or Winter Sports Resorts and in which country they are.
Lake or Winter
Resort/ Area Country of Location
Sports Resort?
Tirol (Tyrol)
Berner (Bernese) Oberland
Kitzbuhel
St Wolfgang
189
San Moritz
Maggiore
Lucerne
Klosters
Geneva
Davos
Garda
Como
190
Lake and Winter Sports Resorts in Europe
Using the atlas or brochures for Lakes and Mountains or Winter Sports to help you, identify whether these
destinations are primarily Lakes or Winter Sports Resorts and in which country they are.
Lake or Winter
Resort/ Area Country of Location
Sports Resort?
Tirol (Tyrol) Winter Sport Austria
Berner (Bernese) Oberland Winter Sport Switzerland
Kitzbuhel Winter Sport Austria
St Wolfgang Winter Sport Austria

191
192
San Moritz Winter Sport Switzerland
Klosters Winter Sport Switzerland
Davos Winter Sport Switzerland

Como Lake Italy
Lucerne Lake Switzerland
Maggiore Lake Italy
Garda Lake Italy
Geneva Lake Switzerland

Activity 5: Capital Cities of European Countries
Match up the following capital cities to the appropriate country by

drawing a line between the matching pairs.
Capital City Country
Brussels Sweden
Copenhagen Belgium
Vienna Finland
Helsinki Hungary
Stockholm Denmark
Prague France
Budapest Germany
Paris Italy
Berlin Spain
Madrid Austria
Rome Czech Republic
193
Capital Cities of European Countries
Match up the following capital cities to the appropriate country by

drawing a line between the matching pairs.
Capital City Country
Brussels Sweden
Copenhagen Belgium
Vienna Finland
Helsinki Hungary
Stockholm Denmark
Prague France
Budapest Germany
Paris Italy
Berlin Spain
Madrid Austria
Rome Czech Republic
194
Activity 6: Attractions in South America
Use the available resources to find out information about the attractions below.
The Parthenon is one of three temples

In which city and country is this
Parthenon which makes up which famous site of
famous visitor attraction located?
the ancient world?
195
196
In which city and country is this What was the Colosseum used for in
Colosseum
famous visitor attraction located? ancient times?

Eiffel Tower How tall is the tower?
Attractions in Europe
Use the available resources to find out information about the attractions below.
The Parthenon is one of three temples

Parthenon which makes up which famous site of
the ancient world?
Athens, Greece The Acropolis

197
198
In which city and country is
What was the Colosseum used for in
Colosseum this famous visitor attraction
ancient times?
located?
Gladiatorial contests, combats between

Rome, Italy men and animals and even naval battles
when the arena was flooded.
In which city and country is

Eiffel Tower this famous visitor attraction How tall is the tower?
located?
Paris, France 324m (888 ft)

Eastern Hemisphere: Asia

Eastern Hemisphere: Asia allowed
Content to be included: * Manual: 1hr
* Practise general mapping of p. 31-38 30 mins
* Practice at describing an at- • Atlas
traction • Travel
* Planning a holiday brochures
• Internet
websites
200

allowed
Activity 1:
the countries and cities of
✓ Southeast Asia
✓ India and Indian Ocean Islands 30 mins
Practice on describing an • Activity 2

attraction • Travel
Activity 2: brochures
Students are requested to • Internet
answer questions about the main websites
attractions in China and India. The
description will highlight the main
features that describe the appeal
of the attraction.
201

allowed
Planning a holiday • Activity 3 40 mins
Activity 3:
This activity is to give practice at • Travel
using brochures to select holidays brochures
and using trade resources to • Internet
provide a range of information websites
about key features. Using a
selection of brochures, the
students are requested to select
a suitable holiday for the client.
The destination alternatives are
Thailand, Malaysia or Japan. They
could choose any of the three, or
you could guide them towards one
specific destination. The choice
has intentionally been left open
to allow for your assessment
intentions and also for the
resources available to you.
202
Activity 1: Physical features and destination

of Far East
Using your atlas to guide you, plot the following places on the
blank map of Far East provide.
a. Plot the following countries:

1. Japan 2. Indonesia 3. Malaysia
4. Philippines 5. Thailand 6. China

7. Bali 8. Penang 9. Singapore
10. Hong Kong 11. Bangkok 12. Phuket
13. Jakarta 14. Tokyo 15. Manila
Note:
capital city.
203
c. Using the blank map of India for plotting the following places.
- Plot the following countries:

16. India 17. Nepal 18. Sri Lanka
- Plot the cities, resorts and features listed below:

19. New Delhi 20. Agra 21. Jaipur
22. River Ganges 23. Kathmandu 24. Goa
25. Mount Everest 26. Mumbai
Note:
capital city.
Features: Use a triangle (∆) to indicate a mountain and draw in

a rough outline of the river.
204
Map of Southeast Asia
205
Map of India
206
207
Map of plotted destinations of India
208
Activity 2: Practice on describing an attraction
a. The Great Wall of China
This is a view of the Great Wall of China at Badaling.
209
Using the resources available to you, find out the following

information about the Great Wall of China.
Write a brief
description of its
geographical location.
What is the name of

the nearest city to this
section of the wall?
How long would it take

to transfer to the Great
Wall by road from the
nearest city?
What is the local time
zone in GMT?
Write a brief
description of the
appeal of the Great
Wall as a tourist
destination.
210
b. Taj Mahal
The Taj Mahal is one of the most iconic tourist attractions in

India. Using the resources available to you, research about the
Taj Mahal and provide the requested information.
211
Write a brief
description of its
geographical location
What is the name

of the nearest
airport to the Taj
Mahal?
What is the local time
zone in GMT?
Write a brief
description of the
appeal of the Taj
Mahal as a tourist
destination
212
Describing the appeal of an attraction
a. The Great Wall of China.
Write a brief Originally stretching over 6,000 km

description of its across northern China, it has now been
geographical location. reduced by destruction and erosion to
around 3,000km. The section of wall
at Badaling lies north-west of Beijing.
The absolute location is 39 N –116 E
What is the name of Beijing
the nearest city to this
section of the wall?
How long would it take Approximately 2 hours by road
to to transfer to the
Great Wall by road
from the nearest city?
What is the local time GMT +8
zone in GMT?
213
Write a brief The Great Wall of China is the largest

description of the and one of the oldest structures built
appeal of the Great by human hands. It is said it is the only
Wall as a tourist human structure visible from space,
destination. although this has been refuted. Most
of the attraction comes from the size,
length and the terrain the Wall follows.
When you stand on it, you can’t help
but think of the amount of work and
number of lives that it cost to build.
b. Taj Mahal
Write a brief Sample answer: The Taj Mahal is

description of its located in the city of Agra in North
geographical location India at a distance of around 204 km
from New Delhi.
What is the name Indira Gandhi International Airport
of the nearest
airport to the Taj
Mahal?
What is the local time GMT + 5h30m
zone in GMT?
214
Write a brief The Taj Mahal is considered by many

description of the to be one of the Seven Wonders of
appeal of the Taj the Modern World. It is a mausoleum
Mahal as a tourist built by Shah Jahan in memory of
destination his beloved wife Mumtaz Mahal who
died in childbirth. Over 20,000 men
laboured for over 17 years to build this
memorial of white marble and semi-
precious stones. It is said to be the
most extravagant expression of love
ever created.
215
Activity 3: Planning a holiday
Case Study
Kate and her friend want to go for a two-week trip to Thailand,

Malaysia or Japan in August or September, departing from Hong
Kong. They would like to stay in a good-quality hotel and see
some interesting sites.
Using a wide range of travel brochures, select a holiday in just

ONE of these destinations that might be suitable for Kate and
her friend.
Find out the information requested about the holiday using the
resources available to you, for example brochures, atlas, tourist
guides and websites.
Complete the boxes below with the information the client has
requested about the holiday.
Destination chosen
Length of stay
216
Arrival gateway point

(i.e. airport name)
Hotel name
Brief description of
hotel/
room facilities
Transfer distance
between airport and
hotel
of resort
Brief description of the

appeal of this resort
climate at time of year
they are intending to
travel
217
Local time difference

from GMT in August/
September
What local languages

are spoken in the area
Brief description
of two of the main
attractions in the local
area that they might
be able to see
local food and drink
specialities

typical souvenirs and
best buys of the area

local flora and fauna
of the area (i.e. types
of vegetation and
wildlife)
218
Topic12: Tourism Regions
Eastern Hemisphere: Africa
Topic12: Tourism Regions Resources Time

Eastern Hemisphere: Africa allowed
Content to be included: * Manual: 1hr
* Practice at describing the ap- • Atlas
peal of a destination • Travel
* Planning a holiday brochures
• Internet
websites
220

allowed
Activity 1:
the countries, cities, attractions
and features in Africa.
Practice on describing the

appeal of a destination
Students are given guidelines • Travel
to practise on how to describe brochures
the appeal of a destination for • Internet
a tourist. The description will websites
highlight the main features
that describe the appeal of a
destination, such as a country,
city, resort or tourist attraction.
These features will include:
• Attractive features
• Things to see and do
• What the landscape is like
• Whether it is lively, peaceful,
etc.
• Types of activities available
221

allowed
Planning a holiday • Activity 3 40 mins
Activity 3: • Travel
Using a selection of brochures, brochures
the students are requested to • Internet
select a suitable holiday for the websites
client and then use the trade
resources available to them to
provide additional information.
The destination alternatives are
South Africa, Kenya or Egypt.
They could choose any of the
three, or you could guide them
towards one specific destination.
The choice has intentionally
been left open to allow for your
assessment intentions and also
for the resources available to you.
222
Activity 1: Physical features and

main attractions of Africa
Using the atlas to guide you, plot the following places on the
blank map of Africa provided on the next page:
1. Egypt 2. Kenya 3. Tanzania
4. Zambia 5. Zimbabwe 6. South Africa
7. River Nile 8. Cairo 9. Luxor
10. Nairobi 11. Serengeti Plain 12. Mombase
13. Kilimanjaro 14. Victoria Falls 15. Johannesburg
17. Masai Mara 18. Ngorongoro

16. Cape Town Game Reserve Crater
20. Kruger National 21. Cape of Good

19. Table Mountain Park Hope
223
Note:
capital city.

attraction, a triangle (∆) to indicate a mountain and draw in a
rough outline of the river.
224
Map of Africa
225
226
Activity 2: Practice on describing

the appeal of a destination
It is also important to be able to describe the appeal of a

destination for a tourist. Your description will highlight the main
features that describe the appeal of a destination, such as a
country, city, resort or tourist attraction. These features will
include:
• Whether it is lively, peaceful, etc.
227
Using the resources available to you, which may include an atlas,

brochures or travel guides, write a description of the appeal of the
following destinations, in a similar format to the example shown.
Cape Town Example:

This beautiful city has a wealth of interest-
ing features including the striking grandeur of
Table Mountain, glorious beaches, enchanting
vineyards, rugged landscapes and strange and
wonderful plants and animals. Outdoors, there
are great walks and spectacular views from
Tabletop Mountain as well as ocean swimming,
boating activities, and plenty of ways to get out
into the wilderness areas around Cape Town.
Indoors, the city boasts a wealth of interesting
museums.
Pyramids at
Giza (Cairo)
228
Victoria
Falls
229
Describing the appeal of a destination
It is also important to be able to describe the appeal of a

destination for a tourist. Your description will highlight the main
features that describe the appeal of a destination, such as
a country, city, resort or tourist attraction. These features will
include:
• Whether it is lively, peaceful, etc.
Cape Town Example:

This beautiful city has a wealth of interest-
ing features including the striking grandeur of
Table Mountain, glorious beaches, enchanting
vineyards, rugged landscapes and strange and
wonderful plants and animals. Outdoors, there
are great walks and spectacular views from
Tabletop Mountain as well as ocean swimming,
boating activities, and plenty of ways to get out
into the wilderness areas around Cape Town.
Indoors, the city boasts a wealth of interesting
museums.
230
Pyramids at Sample answer: The pyramids are the earth’s

Giza (Cairo) oldest tourist attraction and the Great Pyramid
of Khufu (Cheops) is the only remainder of the
seven ancient wonders of the world. The three
pyramids of Cheops, Chephren and Mycerinus
are awe-inspiring and represent a link with the
past. Their great age makes them mysterious:
they look like they should hold secrets. Maybe
that’s one reason why they hold such a fascina-
tion for people and have led to so many ideas
as to how they were constructed and who built
them.
Victoria Sample answer: Victoria Falls is one of the
Falls most spectacular and majestic waterfalls in the
world – hence its almost universal appeal to
travellers. The falls were named by David Liv-
ingstone after Queen Victoria. There are tourist
activities to suit all appetites. These include:
Cruising on the Zambezi, Flight over the falls,
Canoeing on the Zambezi, Game viewing, Visit-
ing crocodile farm, Traditional Dancing, Visit to
the Monde village, Golf, Fishing, Horse riding,
Elephant ride, White water rafting on the rapids
below the falls and for the really brave, Bungee
Jump 111m on the Victoria Falls Bridge.
231
Activity 3: Planning a holiday
Case Study
Mr and Mrs Tam want to go on holiday to South Africa, Egypt

or Kenya. They want to go for two weeks in March or April,
departing from Hong Kong. They would like to stay in a good-
quality hotel and see some interesting sites.
Using a wide range of travel brochures, select a holiday in just

ONE of these destinations that might be suitable for Mr and Mrs
Tam.
Destination chosen
Length of stay
Arrival gateway point

(i.e. airport name)
Hotel name
232
hotel/ room facilities
Transfer distance
between airport and
hotel
of resort
the appeal of this
resort
Brief description
of climate at time
of year they are
intending to travel
233
Local time difference

from GMT in March/
April
What local
languages are
spoken in the area
Brief description
of two of the main
attractions in the
local area that they
might be able to see
the local food and
drink specialities
the typical souvenirs
and best buys of the
area
the local flora and
fauna of the area (i.e.
types of vegetation
and wildlife)
234
Eastern Hemisphere: Australia and
New Zealand
Eastern Hemisphere: Australia and New Zealand

Eastern Hemisphere: Australia allowed
and New Zealand
Content to be included: • Manual: 1hr
geographical features in Aus- • Activities
tralia and New Zealand • Atlas
* Identify the national parks in • Travel
New Zealand brochures
* Practice at describing an at- • Internet
traction websites
* Planning a tour
236
Topic 13: Tourism Regions�

allowed
Activity 1:
the cities, attractions and features
of Australia and New Zealand.

Students are required to identify • Internet
the national parks and match websites
them up to the correct numbers
in a table. The website that this
map was taken from, and hence
where the answers are available,
is at http://www.kcc.org.nz/places/
nationalparks.asp.
Practice on describing an
attraction
Students are requested to answer • Travel
questions about an attraction brochures
in Australia. The description • Internet
will highlight the main features websites
that describe the appeal of the
attraction.
237

allowed
Planning a tour • Activity 4 30 mins
Activity 4: • Travel
This activity is to give practice at brochures
using brochures to select holidays • Internet
and using trade resources to websites
provide a range of information
about key features. The case
study asks for students to locate
a touring holiday for a family on
the Gold Coast of Australia and
to use trade resources to find out
information about the area.
238
Activity 1: Physical features and destination of

Australia and New Zealand
Using your atlas to guide you, plot the following places on the
blank map of Australia and New Zealand provided on the next
page.
Plot the cities, resorts and features listed below.
a. For Australia:
1. Sydney 2. Melbourne 3. Perth
4. Great Barrier 5. Uluru 6. Alice Springs

Reef
7. Gulf of 8. Canberra
Carpentaria
239
b. For New Zealand:
9. Auckland 10. Rotorua 11. Wellington
12. Christchurch 13. Dunedin 14. Mt. Cook
15. Fiordland
Note:
capital city.

attraction, a triangle (∆) to indicate a mountain.
240
Map of Australia and New Zealand
241
Map of plotted destinations of Australia and New Zealand
242
Activity 2: National Parks in New Zealand
New Zealand has 14 National Parks. These are shown,

numbered 1–14, on the map of New Zealand to the right.
In the table below the map is a list of the 14 park names in

jumbled order.
243
Using the resources available to you, find out about the National
Parks of New Zealand and match up the correct names to the
correct numbers.
Westland Fiordland Arthur’s Nelson Mt Aspiring

Pass Lakes
Te Abel Egmont Tongariro Mt Cook
Urewera Tasman
Kahurangi Wanganui Paparoa Rakiura ------------
----
Correctly label the national parks:
1 8
2 9
3 10
4 11
5 12
6 13
7 14
244
New Zealand has 14 National Parks. These

are shown, numbered 1–14, on the map of New Zealand to the
right.
In the table below the map is a list of the 14 park names in

jumbled order.
Using the resources available to you, find out about the National
Parks of New Zealand and match up the correct names to the
correct numbers.
245
Correctly label the national parks
1 Tongariro 8 Nelson Lakes
2 Egmont 9 Westland
3 Arthur’s Pass 10 Mt Aspiring
4 Abel Tasman 11 Wanganui
5 Fiordland 12 Paparoa
6 Mt Cook (Aorangi) 13 Kahurangi
7 Te Urewera 14 Rakiura (Stewart Island)
246
Activity 3: Practice on describing an attraction
The Great Barrier Reef
The Great Barrier Reef is one of the

most important tourist attractions
of Australia. Using the resources
available to you, find out the following
information about the Great Barrier
Reef.
Write a brief description

of the Great Barrier
Reef’s geographical
location.
Which airports would

be the main gateway
points for the Great
Barrier Reef?
Write a brief description

of the appeal of the
Great Barrier Reef as a
tourist destination.
247
Describing the appeal of an attraction
The Great Barrier Reef
Write a brief descrip- Sample answer: The Great Barrier

tion Reef is the world’s largest coral reef,
of the Great Barrier stretching over an area greater than
Reef ’s geographical 23,000 square km. It lies approxi-
location mately 60 metres below the surface
of the Coral Sea and 70 km off the
north eastern coast of Australia,
stretching along almost the entire
length of Queensland.
Which airports would Cairns, Townsville, Brisbane
be the main gateway
points for the Great
Barrier Reef?
248
Write a brief descrip- Considered one of the world’s natural

tion wonders, it is the most extensive
of the appeal of the reef system on earth and the biggest
Great Barrier Reef as a structure made by living organisms
tourist destination. over a span of 18 million years.
Approximately 2600 smaller reefs
comprise the Great Barrier Reef.
Coral is very particular about the

conditions in which it grows, and the
waters off the coast of Queensland
prove ideal for sustaining both living
coral and the hard ‘skeleton’ left
when it dies. The clear waters and
wonderfully exotic fish make it a fan-
tastic site for diving and snorkelling.
249
Activity 3: Planning a tour
Case Study
The Wong’s family (2 adults and children aged 13 and 15) want
to have a three-week holiday on the Gold Coast of Australia in
January. They are interested in water sports and sightseeing
and would like to see quite a bit of this area.
Using a wide range of travel brochures, select a touring holiday

in the Gold Coast area that might be suitable for the Wong’s
family.
List areas visited

in tour
Arrival gateway
point (i.e. airport
name)
Departure airport if
different
250
Brief description
of place (s) of
accommodation
where they will
stay, e.g. hotel
names
Transfer distance
between airport
and hotels
Brief description
of geographical
location of the Gold
Coast
the appeal of this
area
Brief description
of climate at time
of year they are
intending to travel
Local time
difference from
GMT in August/
September
251
What local
languages are
spoken in the area
Brief description
of two of the main
attractions in the
local area that they
might be able to
see
the local food and
drink specialities
Brief description
of the typical
souvenirs and best
buys of the area
Brief description
of the local flora
and fauna of the
area (i.e. types
of vegetation and
wildlife)
252
Tourism and Hospitality Studies
Destination Geography
Suggested Answers
254
Manual on Module Three - Destination Geography
Suggested Answers
澳大拉西亞洲
太平洋
東南亞
印度洋
亞洲
中東
非洲
歐洲
南大西洋
北大西洋
南美洲
北美洲
太平洋
Exercise 1:
1.
255
Suggested Answers
2.
Continents Population Size (sq km) Population
density
per sq km
(2.d.p)
Asia 3,879,700,000 44,579,000 87.03
Africa 1,037,500,000 30,065,000 34.51
Europe 816,400,000 9,938,000 82.15
North America 347,400,000 24,256,000 14.32
South America 400,100,000 17,819,000 22.45
Australia/Oceania 35,400,000 7,687,000 4.61
Antarctica n/a 13,209,000 n/a
Asia has the highest population density per square kilometer.
Australia/Oceania has the lowest population density per square
kilometer.
Source:
Internet World Stats – http://www.internetworldstats.com/
256
Suggested Answers
澳大拉西亞洲
太平洋
東南亞
印度洋
亞洲
中東
非洲
歐洲
南大西洋
北大西洋
南美洲
北美洲
太平洋
Exercise 2:
1.
257
Suggested Answers
2.
Atlantic Ocean: the largest sea – Caribbean Sea
Aegean Sea Davis Strait Gulf of St. Sargasso Sea
Lawrence
Argentine Sea English Ionian Sea Tyrrhenian
Channel Sea
Baltic Sea Gulf of Labrador
Bothnia Basin
Bay of Biscay Gulf of Ligurian Sea
Campeche
Bay of Fundy Gulf of Guinea Irish Sea
Black Sea Gulf of Finland Mediterranean
Sea
Caribbean Gulf of Mexico Norwegian
Sea Sea
Arctic Ocean: the largest sea - Bering Sea

Amundsen Bering Sea Hudson Bay White Sea
Gulf
Baffin Bay Chukchi Sea Kara Sea
Barents Sea East Siberian Laptev Sea
Sea
Beaufort Sea Greenland Pechora Sea
Sea
258
Suggested Answers
Southern Ocean: the largest sea - Weddell Sea

Amundsen Bellingshausen Great Ross Weddell
Sea Sea Australian Sea Sea
Bight
Bass Strait Davis Sea Gulf Spencer
St.Vincent Gulf
Indian Ocean: the largest sea - Arabian Sea

Andaman Bay of Gulf of Persian Timor
Sea Bengal Oman Gulf Sea
Arabian Gulf of Mozambique
Sea Aden Channel Red Sea
Pacific Ocean: the largest sea – Coral Sea

Arafura Ceram Sea Gulf of Sea of Visayan
Sea Thailand Okhotsk Sea
Banda Sea Coral Sea Halmahera Inland Sea Yellow
Sea Sea
Bering Sea East China Gulf of Sibuyan
Sea Thailand Sea
Bismarck Flores Sea Java Sea Solomon
Sea Sea
Bo Hai Gulf of Molucca South
Alaska Sea China Sea
259
Suggested Answers
Bohol Sea Gulf of Philippine Sulu Sea

California Basin
Camotes Gulf of Sea of Tasman
Sea Carpentaria Japan Sea
亞洲
歐洲
北美洲北大西洋
1 中東 4 太平洋
東南亞
太平洋非洲
南大西洋印度洋 5
南美洲
澳大拉西亞洲
3
1. Caribbean Sea
2. Bering Sea
3. Weddell Sea
4. Arabian Sea
5. Coral Sea
260
Suggested Answers
Source:
Wiki - http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Sea
World Atlas - http://www.worldatlas.com/aatlas/infopage/
deepest.htm
Hypertextbook - http://hypertextbook.com/facts/2001/
SyedQadri.shtml
Deep Sea Waters - http://www.deepseawaters.com
Maps of World - http://www.mapsofworld.com/world-top-ten/
world-top-ten-largest-oceans-and-sea-map.html
Mini School Atlas - Ling Publishing Co., 2005 3rd Editition
The Times Comprehensive Atlas of the World – Times Book,
11th Edition
261
Suggested Answers
Exercise 3:
Germany - Average monthly temperatures and hours of sunshine
Source: ClimateTemp.info - http://www.climatetemp.info/
germany/
Month Average Temperature Hours of Sunshine
(deg. ˚C)
January -0.5 46.5
February 0 61.6
March 4 142.6
April 9 174
May 14 232.5
June 17 243
July 19 238.7
August 18 223.2
September 15 180
October 10 111.6
November 5 48
December 1 34.1
262
Suggested Answers
Hong Kong - Average monthly temperatures and hours of

sunshine
Source: ClimateTemp.info - http://www.climatetemp.info/hong-
kong/
Month Average Temperature Hours of Sunshine
(deg. C)
January 15.5 145.7
February 15.5 98
March 18 96.1
April 22 114
May 26 155
June 28 159
July 29 213.9
August 28 201.5
September 28 198
October 25 220.1
November 22 189
December 17.5 173.6
263
Suggested Answers
Maldives - Average monthly temperatures and hours of sunshine

Source: Destination Maldives - http://www.destmaldives.com/
weather.html
Average Temperature
Month (deg. C) Hours of Sunshine
January 28 217
February 28.5 196
March 29 279
April 30 240
May 29 217
June 28.5 210
July 28.5 217
August 28 217
September 28 219
October 28 186
November 28 210
December 28 217
Source:
Maldives Index - http://www.scuba-addict.co.uk/maldives.html
264
Suggested Answers
Exercise 5:
Natural Attractions
1. Repulse Bay, Southern District
2. Mai Po Natural Reserve, Yuen Long
3. Marine parks
4. Golden Beach, Tuen Mun
5. Victoria Harbour
6. Walking Trails, such as MacLehose Trail, Wilson Trail
7. Eco-tourism: Dolphin Watch
8. Po Toi
9. Wetlands, such as Hong Kong Wetland Park
10. Nam Sang Wai, Yuen Long
Cultural Attractions
1. Clock Tower, Tsim Sha Shui
2. Hollywood Road & Cat Street, Sheung Wan
3. Man Mo Temple, Sheung Wan
4. Wong Tai Sin Temple, Wong Tai Sin
5. Ping Shan Heritage Trail, Yuen Long
6. Western Market, Sheung Wan
7. Giant Buddha & Po Lin Monastery, Lantau Island
8. Murray House, Stanley
9. Kowloon Walled City Park, Kowloon City
10. Cheung Chau Bun Festival, Cheung Chau
Man-made Attractions
1. Peak Tower ( at Victoria Peak) & Madame Tussauds
2. Avenue of Stars, Tsim Sha Tsui
265
Suggested Answers
3. Open-air markets – Ladies Market, Mong Kok

4. Ocean Park Hong Kong, Aberdeen
5. Hong Kong Disneyland, Lantau Island
6. Hong Kong Convention and Exhibition Centre and Golden
Bauhinia Square
7. Open-air Market - Temple Street Night Market, Yau Ma Tei
8. Happy Valley Racecourse, Happy Valley
9. Lan Kwai Fong and SoHo, Central
10. Ngong Ping 360, Lantau Island
Source: Hong Kong Tourism Board - http://www.

discoverhongkong.com
266
Suggested Answers
Exercise 6:
North America
1 New York City, United States of America
Source:
The Official New York State Tourism Site (ILOVENY) - http://
www.iloveny.com
Natural Attraction
➤➤ Finger Lakes National Forest
➤➤ Metropolitan Museum of Art
➤➤ Statue of Liberty
➤➤ Time Square
➤➤ Broadway Theatre
➤➤ Empire State Building
2 Los Angeles, United States of America

Source:
Los Angeles Tourist Information - www.latourist.com; www.
laparks.org/dos/parks/griffithpk/wildlife/index.html
Natural Attraction
➤➤ Griffith Park
➤➤ Los Angeles County Museum of Art
➤➤ Hollywood (district)
➤➤ Universal Studios Hollywood
➤➤ Six Flags Magic Mountain (theme park)
➤➤ Disneyland Park
267
Suggested Answers
3. San Francisco, United States of America

Source:
San Francisco Travel - http://www.sanfrancisco.travel; www.
nps.gov/goga/index.htm
Natural Attractions
➤➤ Golden Gate Park - Golden Gate National Recreation
Area
➤➤ Ocean Beach
➤➤ Chinatown
➤➤ The Rose Parade
➤➤ Fisherman’s Wharf
➤➤ Lombard Street
➤➤ Golden Gate Bridge
➤➤ Moscone Center
4. Miami, United States of America

Source:
Miami Official Tourist Websites - www.miami-info.com/Miami_
official_websites.php
Natural Attractions
➤➤ Everglades National Park
➤➤ Coconut Grove
Cultural Attraction
➤➤ Miami Art Museum
➤➤ Zoo Miami
➤➤ Hibiscus Island (man-made island)
268
Suggested Answers
5. Orlando, United States of America

Source:
Orlando Florida - http://www.visitorlando.com
Natural Attraction
➤➤ Lake Eola
Cultural Attraction
Orlando Museum of Art
➤➤ Walt Disney World
➤➤ Universal Studios Florida
➤➤ Islands of Adventure (theme park)
6. Las Vegas, United States of America

Source:
Las Vegas - http://www.visitlasvegas.com
Natural Attractions
➤➤ Yellowstone National Park
➤➤ Grand Canyon National Park
Cultural attraction
➤➤ Atomic Testing Museum
➤➤ Las Vegas Strip
➤➤ Luxor Hotel
➤➤ New York - New York Hotel & Casino
➤➤ Mandalay Bay Resort & Casino
269
Suggested Answers
7. Washington, D.C., United States of America

Source:
Official Tourism Site of Washington - http://washington.org
Natural Attraction
➤➤ Constitution Gardens
➤➤ Smithsonian Museum
➤➤ White House
➤➤ Washington Monument
➤➤ Lincoln Memorial
Man-made Attraction
➤➤ Six Flags Great Adventure (theme park)
8. Toronto, Canada
Source:
The Official Website of Tourism Toronto - http://www.
seetorontonow.com
Natural Attraction
➤➤ Niagara Falls
➤➤ Casa Loma
➤➤ Royal Ontario Museum – ROM
➤➤ CN Tower
➤➤ Toronto Zoo
270
Suggested Answers
9. Vancouver, Canada
Source:
Vancouver Hotels, Attraction, Things to do – http://www.
tourismvancouver.com
Natural Attractions
➤➤ Stanley Park
➤➤ Queen Elizabeth Park
Cultural Attraction
➤➤ Maritime Museum
Man-made Attraction
➤➤ Lions Gate Bridge
10. Quebec City, Canada

Source:
Official Web Site-Quebec City Tourism - http://www.
quebecregion.com/en
Natural Attraction
➤➤ Chutes Montmorency
➤➤ Musée de la civilisation (Museum)
➤➤ Plaines d’Abraham
➤➤ Citadelle (military installation)
Man-made Attraction
➤➤ Quebec City Convention Centre
11. Alberta, Canada

Source:
Alberta Tourism – http://www.tourismalberta.com
271
Suggested Answers
Natural Attractions
➤➤ Lake Louise, Banff National Park
➤➤ The Rockies (The Rocky Mountains)
Cultural Attraction
➤➤ Alberta Jubilee Auditorium
Man-made Attraction
➤➤ The Calgary Zoo
Source: WikiTravel / Wiki
Exercise 7 :
272
Natural
Cultural Attraction Created Attraction
Attraction
Special Leisure,
Physical Historic Religious Built
events and Amusement
Attraction Attraction Attractions Attractions
festival and Sports
Oslo, Norway Y Y Y Y Y
Mykonos , Turkey Y Y Y Y
Malaga, Spain Y Y Y Y
Athens, Greece Y Y Y Y Y
Munich, Germany Y Y Y Y Y
Suggested Answers
Vienna, Austria Y Y Y Y
Prague, Czech Republic Y Y Y Y Y
Nice, France Y Y Y Y Y
Budapest, Hungary Y Y Y Y Y Y
Edinburgh, Scotland Y Y Y Y Y Y
273
Suggested Answers
Source:
Country website
http://www.oslo.com/
http://www.mykonos-greece.biz/index.htm
http://www.malagaturismo.com/opencms/opencms/turismo/
home.jsp
http://www.athensohio.com/
http://www.muenchen.de/home/60093/Homepage.html
http://www.aboutvienna.org/fastfacts.htm
http://www.prague-tourism.eu/index.htm
http://www.nicetourism.com/GB/frameset/frameset_voi.html
http://www.budapest.com/
http://www.visitscotland.com
274
Suggested Answers
Exercise 8:
275
Suggested Answers
Attractions in the South East of State of Queensland:

• the regions of Brisbane,
• the Gold Coast,
• Sunshine Coast,
Attractions in the Far North of State of Queensland:

• Great Barrier Reef
• Cairns
Reasons of why tourism happens:

• Natural Attraction
• Physical features and scenery
• Coastlines with beaches, bays, lagoons and reef attract
tourists for:
- Beautiful scenery of sun, sand and sea
- Activities such as surfing, swimming, diving, fishing etc.
• Natural vegetation and wildlife:
- Beautiful rainforest and rich wildlife attract tourists for
watching animals in their natural environment and hunt
animals with cameras
Source:
Queensland Holiday -
http://www.queenslandholidays.com.au/destinations/
destinations_home.cfm
Tourism Australia - http://www.australia.com
276
Suggested Answers
Exercise 9: (Islands in the South Pacific)
Easter Island
Galapogos Islands
Juan Fernandez Islands
Isla Espanola
Isla Fernandina
Isla Genovesa
Isla Isabela
Isla Marchena
Isla Pinta
Isla Puna
Isla San Cristobal
Isla San Salvador
Isla Santa Cruz
Isla Santa Maria
Robinson Crusoe
San Felix
Santa Clara
277
Suggested Answers
e.g.
Isla Santa Cruz → Isla San Cristobal
Distance: 87.5km
Speed of the ship: 20 knots/hr (20knots/hr x 1.852 = 37.04km/hr)
Time needed: 87.5 / 37.04 = 2.36 hrs
Source:
World Atlas - http://www.worldatlas.com/webimage/countrys/
io.htm
Tourism Australia: http://www.australia.com/
Galapagos Islands.com - http://www.galapagosislands.com/
index2.html
278
Suggested Answers
Exercise 10:
South America
Ushuaia (Argentina)
Punta Arenas (Chile)
Stanley (Falkland Islands)
Africa
Cape Town (South Africa)
Australia/Oceania
Christchurch (New Zealand)
Hobart (Australia)
Source:
Antarctic Connection
http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/travel/getthere.
shtml
279
Suggested Answers
Exercise 11:
In 1990-91 only 4,698 tourists visited Antarctica.
In 2009-10 the figure rose to 36,875.
Source: Antarctic and Southern Ocean Coalition (ASOC)
Reason:
1. International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators
(IAATO) is established in 1991 to practice and promote the
highest possible standards of travel to Antarctica. People
start noticing the continent of Antarctica.
2. Increasing accessibility:
- flights
- ship
3. Adventure tourism is becoming the global tourism trend.
4. A new crop of allocentrics tourists who love to travel to
underdeveloped countries is growing, such as GenY traveler
and younger traveler.
5. Attractive physical attractions
- Distinctive climate
- Unique landforms of glaciers, ice shelves and mountain
ranges
- Observe wildlife: penguins and other birds
280
Suggested Answers
Source:
International Association of Antarctica Tour Operators
http://www.iaato.org/about.html
Adventure Travel Trade Association
http://www.adventuretravel.biz/2008roundup.aspx
Antarctic Connection
http://www.antarcticconnection.com/antarctic/travel/getthere.
shtml
281
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Tourism and Hospitality Studies

Curriculum Support Materials for

Students should be introduced to the content of the

While the content of the resource material is fairly

It should be stressed that students’ activities will

To better facilitate student-centered learning, time

Gratefully acknowledged LTS in granting the

Topic 1: World Geography Resources Time

Teacher Notes Resources Time

Activity 1: • Activity 1 10 mins

Handout 1 – Introduction of Hemispheres,

The world is split by degrees north and south of the equator. To

The world can also be divided into Eastern and Western

The Western Hemisphere includes the Americas and Greenland.

The Eastern Hemisphere includes Europe, Africa, the Middle

The world has seven continents: North and South America

Note: The continent of Australasia and

Activity 1: Locating the hemispheres,

Read Handout 1 about hemispheres, continents and oceans.

1. Identify the following HEMISPHERES:

2. Locate all of the following CONTINENTS:

3. Now locate the following major OCEANS:

Activity 2: World’s Oceans

Using the atlas, complete the following sentences about the

Activity 2: Suggested Answers

Complete the following sentences about the world’s oceans:

1. The North Atlantic Ocean lies between Europe and America.

Topic 2: World Geography Resources Time

Teacher Notes Resources Time

Climate in different parts of the

Activity 3: • Activity 3 20 mins

The World Climate Zone map

Activity 1: Factors affecting the weather.

Activity 3: Climate in different parts of the world

Describe each of the following climate zones. Include information

Hot – Tropical (Northern Australia, Coastal Regions)

Hot – Desert (Sahara)

Temperate – Warm / Mediterranean (Rome, Italy)

Temperate – Cool (Edinburgh, Scotland)

Arctic/Polar (Antarctic Interior)

Activity 4: Importance of climate in

• Which month(s) will provide the best weather conditions?

Activity 1: Suggested Answers

241.3cm per from November to January;

Best time to travel

1 Caribbean January to 24 - 29˚C July to early of Hurricane season

2 Sydney September to 13 - 22˚C December to Hottest months and

Topic 3: World Geography Resources Time

Teacher Notes Resources Time

Activity 1: • Activity 1 20 mins

Activity 2: • Activity 2 10 mins

Handout 1 – The Concept of time zones and

Earth is a planet that revolves around the Sun. It takes 365 ¼

Night Day Sun

So, it can be seen that as each part of the world experiences

In centuries past it didn’t matter if one country set their clocks

Handout 2 – Deﬁnition of GMT and the Greenwich

The current system dates back to October 1884. At the behest

At the Conference the following important principles were

1. It was desirable to adopt a single world meridian to replace

What is the Meridian Line?

We have already discussed the Prime Meridian, which is

The meridian at Greenwich is known as Zero Longitude and it

There have been many meridian lines during the course of