Automotive Industry in India

Automotive industry in India
The automotive industry in India is one of the largest in the world with an annual
production of 23.96 million vehicles in FY (fiscal year) 2015–16, following a
growth of 2.57 per cent over the last year. The automobile industry accounts for 7.1
per cent of the country's gross domestic product (GDP). The w
T o Wheelers segment,
with 81 per cent market share, is the leader of the Indian Automobile market, owing
to a growing middle class and a young population. Moreover, the growing interest of
Chennai is home to around 35–40%
companies in exploring the rural markets further aided the growth of the sector. The of India's total automobile industry.
overall Passenger Vehicle (PV) segment has 13 per cent market share.
India is also a prominent auto exporter and has strong export growth expectations for
the near future. In FY 2014–15, automobile exports grew by 15 per cent over the last
year. In addition, several initiatives by the Government of India and the major
automobile players in the Indian market are expected to make India a leader in the
[1]
Two Wheeler (2W) and Four Wheeler (4W) market in the world by 2020.
Maruti Suzuki is the market leader in

Indian automotive industry.
Contents
Market size
Investments
Government Initiatives
History
1947-1970
The 1952 Tariff Commission
1970 to 1983
1984 to 1992
Post-1992 liberalisation
Slow export growth A Tata Motors next generation
Emission norms concept car 2015 Geneva Motor
Show
Local manufacture encouraged
Manufacturing facilities
Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
Haryana
Himachal Pradesh
Jharkhand
Karnataka
Kerala
Madhya Pradesh
Maharashtra
Punjab
Rajasthan
Tamil Nadu
Telangana
Uttar Pradesh
Uttarakhand
West Bengal
Exports
Top 10 export destinations
Passenger vehicles in India
Indian automotive companies
Models currently manufactured by Indian companies
Defunct Indian automotive companies
Foreign automotive companies in India
Vehicles currently manufactured or assembled in India
Vehicles currently imported into India
Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India

Indian brands
Joint-venture (JV) brands
Foreign-owned brands
Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry
Electric car manufacturers in India
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India
See also
References
Bibliography
Market size
The industry produced a total 14.25 million vehicles—including passenger vehicles
(PV), commercial vehicles (CV), and three- and two wheelers (3W and 2W)—in
April–October 2015, as against 13.83 in April–October 2014, registering a marginal
growth of 3.07 per cent, year-to-year.
The sales of PVs grew by 8.51 per cent in April–October 2015 over the same period
in the previous year. The overall CVs segment registered a growth of 8.02 per cent
Auto Expo 2014, Noida
in April–October 2015 as compared to same period last year. Medium- and heavy
commercial vehicles (MCV and HCV) registered very strong growth of 32.3 per
cent, while sales of light commercial vehicles (LCV) declined by 5.24 per cent during April–October 2015, year
-to-year.
In April–October 2015, overall automobile exports grew by 5.78 per cent. PVs, CVs, 3Ws, and 2Ws registered growth of 6.34 per
cent, 17.95 per cent, 18.59 per cent, and 3.22 per cent, respectively [2]
, in April–October 2015, over April–October 2014.
Investments
In order to keep up with the growing demand, several auto makers have started investing heavily in various segments of the industry
during the last few months. The industry has attracted foreign direct investment (FDI) worth US$17.4 billion during the period April
2000 to June 2017, according to data released by Department of Industrial Policy and Promotion (DIPP).
Some of the major investments and developments in the automobile sector in India are as follows:
Global auto maker Ford plans to manufacture in India two families of engines by 2017, a 2.2 litre diesel engine code-
named Panther, and a 1.2 litre petrol enginecode-named Dragon, which are expected to power 270,000 Ford
vehicles globally.
The world's largest air bag suppliers Autoliv Inc, a
Tkata Corp, TRW Automotive Inc and Toyoda Gosei Co are setting
up plants and increasing capacity in India.
General Motors plans to invest US$1 billion in India by 2020, mainly to increase the capacity at thealegaon
T plant in
Maharashtra from 130,000 units a year to 220,000 by 2025.
US-based car maker Chrysler has planned to invest Rs 3,500 crore
(US$525 million) in Maharashtra, to manufacture Jeep Grand Cherokee
model.
Mercedes Benz has decided to manufacture the GLA entry SUV in
India. The company has doubled its India assembly capacity to 20,000
units per annum.
Germany-based luxury car maker Bayerische Motoren W erke AG's
(BMW) local unit has announced to procure components from seven
India-based auto parts makers.
Mahindra Two Wheelers Limited (MTWL) acquired 51 per cent shares in
France-based Peugeot Motorcycles (PMTC).[2]
Interior of Tata ConnectNext EV
concept car at 2015 Geneva Motor
Government Initiatives Show
The Government of India encourages foreign investment in the automobile sector

and allows 100 per cent FDI under the automatic route.
Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government of India are:
The Government of India aims to make automobile manufacturing the

main driver of "Make in India" initiative, as it expects the passenger
vehicles market to triple to 9.4 million units by 2026, as highlighted in the
Auto Mission Plan (AMP) 2016-26.
In the Union budget of 2015-16, the Government has announced plans
to provide credit of Rs 850,000 crore (US$127.5 billion) to farmers,
which is expected to boost sales in the tractors segment. Tata Prima T1 truck at Buddh
The government plans to promote eco-friendly cars in the country—i.e. International Circuit
CNG-based vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and electric vehicles—and also to
make mandatory 5 per cent ethanol blending in petrol.
The government has formulated a Scheme for Faster Adoption and
Manufacturing of Electric and Hybrid Vehicles in India, under the
National Electric Mobility Mission 2020, to encourage the progressive
introduction of reliable, affordable, and efficient electric and hybrid
vehicles into the country.
The Automobile Mission Plan (AMP) for the period 2006–2016,
designed by the government is aimed at accelerating and sustaining
growth in this sector. Also, the well-established Regulatory Framework
under the Ministry of Shipping, Road Transport and Highways, plays a
Isuzu's newly inaugurated
part in providing a boost to this sector.[3]
manufacturing plant in 2016 atSri
City, Andhra Pradesh, India
History
In 1897, the first car ran on an
Indian road. Through the 1930s,
cars were imports only, and in small
numbers.
An embryonic automotive industry
A pre-Independence car showroom emerged in India in the 1940s.

in Secunderabad Hindustan Motors was launched in Indian Royalty were one of the
1942, long-time competitor Premier largest buyers of luxury cars during
pre-Independence British India
in 1944, building Chrysler, Dodge,
and Fiat products respectively.[4] Mahindra & Mahindra was established by two
brothers in 1945, and began assembly of Jeep CJ-3A utility vehicles. Following independence in 1947, the Government of India and
the private sector launched efforts to create an automotive-component manufacturing industry to supply to the automobile industry
. In
[4]
1953, an import substitution programme was launched, and the import of fully built-up cars began to be restricted.
1947-1970
The 1952 Tariff Commission

In 1952, the government appointed
the first Tariff Commission, one of
whose purposes was to come out
with a feasibility plan for the
indigenization of the Indian The 1949 Hindustan 10 built by
automobile industry. In 1953, the Hindustan Motors under license from
Kolkata street traffic in 1945
commission submitted their report, Morris Motors, UK
which recommended categorizing
existing Indian car companies according to their manufacturing infrastructure, with
licensed capacity to manufacture a certain number of vehicles, with capacity
increases allowable, as per demands, in the future. The Tariff Commission
recommendations were implemented with new policies that would eventually
exclude companies that only imported parts for assembly, as well as those with no
Indian partner. In 1954, following the Tariff Commission implementation, General
Motors, Ford, and Rootes Group, which had assembly-only plants in Mumbai,
decided to move out of India.[5]
The Hindustan Ambassador
The Tariff commission policies, including similar restrictions that applied to other dominated India's automotive market
industries, came to be known as the "license raj", which proved to be the greatest from the 1960s until the mid-1980s
undoing of the Indian automotive industry, where bureaucratic red tape ended up and was manufactured till 2014
causing demand to outstrip supply, with month-long waiting periods for cars,
scooters, and motorcycles.
Passenger Cars
Hindustan Motors, Calcutta - technical collaboration withMorris Motors

to manufacture Morris Oxford models that would later become HM
Ambassador.
Premier Automobiles, Bombay - technical collaboration withChrysler to
manufacture Dodge, Plymouth and Desoto models and with Fiat to
manufacture the 1100D models which would later withPremier Padmini
range. Fiat 1100D, built under license by
Standard Motor Products of India, Madras - technical collaboration from Premier Automobiles later re-
Standard-Triumph to manufacture Standard Vanguard, Standard 8, 10 christened 'Premier Padmini' was the
and later Standard Herald. Ambassador's only true competitor
Utility and Light Commercial Vehicles
Vehicle Factory Jabalpur- started manufacturingJonga Light Utility Vehicles and Vahan 1 Ton (Nissan 4W73
Carriers) in India, under license fromNissan of Japan. They were the main troop carriers of theIndian Armed Forces
and much powerful than any other vehicle of their class.
Mahindra & Mahindra, Bombay - technical collaboration withWillys to manufacture CJ Series Jeep.
Bajaj Tempo, Poona now Force Motors - technical collaboration withTempo (company) to manufacture Tempo
Hanseat, a three-wheeler and Tempo Viking and Hanomag, later known as T empo Matador in India.
Standard Motor Products of India- technical collaboration fromStandard has licence to manufacture theStandard
Atlas passenger van with panel van and one-tonne one tonne pickup variants.
Medium and Heavy Commercial Vehicles
Vehicle Factory Jabalpur- started manufacturingShaktiman trucks with technical assistance fromMAN SE of
Germany. The trucks were the main logistics vehicle of theIndian Army with several specialist variants. VFJ still is
the sole supplier of B vehicles to the Indian Armed Forces.
Heavy Vehicles Factory - was established in 1965 in Avadi, near Chennai to produce tanks in India. Since its
inception, HVF has produced all the tanks of India, includingVijayanta, Arjun, Ajeya, Bhishma and their variants for
the Indian Army. HVF is the only tank manufacturing facility of India.
Tata Motors, Poona, then known as TELCO - technical collaboration withMercedes Benz to manufacture medium to
heavy commercial vehicles both Bus and T rucks.
Ashok Motors, later Ashok Leyland, Madras - technical collaboration withLeyland Motors to manufacture medium to
heavy commercial vehicles both Bus and T rucks. Ashok Motors also discontinued itsAustin venture formed in 1948
to sell Austin A40 and retooled the factory to make trucks and buses.
Hindustan Motors - technical collaboration withGeneral Motors to manufacture the Bedford range of medium lorry
and bus chassis.
Premier Automobiles - technical collaboration withChrysler to manufacture the Dodge, Fargo range of medium lorry,
panel vans, mini-bus and bus chassis.
Simpsons & Co, Madras - part of Amalgamations Group (TAFE Tractors)- technical collaboration withFord to
manufacture medium lorry and bus chassis, but did not utilise that option until the 1980s.
Scooters, Mopeds and Motorcycles
known as Bajaj Chetak, by Bajaj became the largest sold scooter in the world
Many of the two-wheelers manufacturers were granted licenses in the

early 1960s, well after the tariff commission was enabled.
Royal Enfield (India), Madras - technical collaboration withRoyal
Enfield, UK to manufacture the Enfield Bullet range of motorcycles.
Bajaj Auto, Poona - technical collaboration withPiaggio, Italy to
manufacture their best sellingVespa range of scooters and three
wheelers with commercial option as well.
Automobile Products of India, Bombay (Better known for API Lambretta
- technical collaboration withInnocenti of Milan, Italy to manufacture The Vespa 150 Sprint
their Lambretta range of mopeds, scooters and three-wheelers. This
company was actually theRootes Group car plant that was bought over
by M. A. Chidambaram family.
Mopeds India Limited, Tirupathi - technical collaboration withMotobécane, France to manufacture their best selling
Mobylette mopeds.
Escorts Group, New Delhi - technical collaboration withCEKOP of Poland to manufacture theRajdoot 175
motorcycle whose origin wasDKW RT 125
Ideal Jawa, Mysore - in technical collaboration withCZ - Jawa of Czechoslovakia for itsJawa and Yezdi range of
motorcycles.
1970 to 1983
However, growth was relatively slow in the 1950s and 1960s, due to nationalisation and the license raj, hampered the growth of
Indian private sector.
The beginning of the 1970s saw some growth potential and most of the collaboration license agreements came to an end but with
option to continue manufacturing with renewed branding. Cars were still meant for the elite and Jeeps were largely used by
government organizations and some rural belts. In commercial vehicle segments some developments were made by the end of the
decade to cater improved goods movements. The two-wheeler segment remained unchanged except for to increased sales in urban
among middle class. But more fillip was target towards farm tractors as India was embarking on a new Green Revolution. More
Russian and eastern bloc imports were done to increase the demand.
But after 1970, with restrictions on the import of vehicles set, the automotive industry started to grow; but the growth was mainly
driven by tractors, commercial vehicles and scooters. Cars still remained a major luxury item. In the 1970s, price controls were
finally lifted, inserting a competitive element into the automobile market.[6] However, by the 1980s, the automobile market was still
dominated by Hindustan and Premier, who sold superannuated products in fairly limited numbers.[7] During the eighties, a few
competitors began to arrive on the scene.
The OPEC oil crisis saw increase need to installing or redesign some vehicle to fit diesel engines on medium commercial vehicle.
Until the early 1970s Mahindra Jeeps were on Petrol and Premier commercial vehicles had Petrol model options. The Defence sector
too had most trucks on Pertol engines.
1984 to 1992
From the end of the 1970s to the beginning of the 1980s saw no new models but the
country continued with 2 decade old designs forcing government to encourage and
let more manufacturers into fray.
In 1984, the then Prime Minister of India, Indira Gandhi established the Ordnance
Factory Medak, near Hyderabad. It started manufacturing Infantry Combat Vehicles
christened as Sarath, the backbone of India's mechanised infantry. OFMK is still the
only manufacturing facility of ICVs in India. To manufacture the high-power
engines used in ICVs and main battle tanks, Engine Factory Avadi, near Chennai
was set in 1987. In 1986, to promote the auto industry, the government established First generation Maruti 800 launched
the Delhi Auto Expo. The 1986 Expo was a showcase for how the Indian automotive in 1984
industry was absorbing new technologies, promoting indigenous research and
development, and adapting these technologies for the rugged conditions of India.
The nine-day show was attended by then Prime MinisterRajiv Gandhi.
Post-1992 liberalisation
Eventually multinational automakers, such as, Suzuki and Toyota of Japan and
Hyundai of South Korea, were allowed to invest in the Indian market, furthering the
establishment of an automotive industry in India. Maruti Suzuki was the first, and
the most successful of these new entries, and in part the result of government
policies to promote the automotive industry beginning in the 1980s.[7] As India
began to liberalise its automobile market in 1991, a number of foreign firms also
initiated joint ventures with existing Indian companies. The variety of options
available to the consumer began to multiply in the nineties, whereas before there had Tata Indica, launched in 1997
usually only been one option in each price class. By 2000, there were 12 large
automotive companies in the Indian market, most of them offshoots of global
companies.[8]
Slow export growth

Exports were slow to grow. Sales of small numbers of vehicles to tertiary markets
and neighbouring countries began early, and in 1987 Maruti Suzuki shipped 480 cars
to Europe (Hungary). After some growth in the mid-nineties, exports once again
began to drop as the outmoded platforms provided to Indian manufacturers by
multinationals were not competitive.[9] This was not to last, and today India
Mahindra Scorpio was launched in
manufactures low-priced cars for markets across the globe. As of 18 March 2013,
2001
global brands such as Proton Holdings, PSA Group, Kia, Mazda, Chrysler, Dodge
and Geely Holding Group were shelving plans for India due to the competitiveness
[10]
of the market, as well as the global economic crisis.
Emission norms
In 2000, in line with international standards to reduce vehicular pollution, the central government unveiled standards titled "India
2000", with later, upgraded guidelines to be known as Bharat Stage emission standards. These standards are quite similar to the
stringent European emission standards and have been implemented in a phased manner. Bharat Stage IV (BS-IV), the most stringent
so far, was implemented first, in April 2010, in 13 cities—Delhi (NCR), Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai, Bangalore, Hyderabad,
Ahmedabad, Pune, Surat, Kanpur, Lucknow, Solapur, and Agra—and then, as of April 2017, the rest of the nation.
Local manufacture encouraged
India levies an import tax of 125% on foreign imported cars, while the import tax on
components such as gearboxes, airbags, drive axles, is 10%. Therefore, the taxes
encourage cars to be assembled in India rather than be imported as completely built
units.[11]
Manufacturing facilities
Maruti Suzuki Swift Dzire and its
The majority of India's car manufacturing industry is evenly divided into three hatchback version are the largest
"clusters". Around Chennai is the southernmost and largest, with a 35% revenue selling cars in recent years in India
share, accounting for 60% of the country's automotive exports, and home of the
operations of Heavy Vehicles Factory, Engine Factory Avadi, Ford, Hyundai,
Renault, Mitsubishi, Nissan, BMW, Hindustan Motors, Daimler, Caparo, Mini, and Datsun.[12][13]
Near Mumbai, Maharashtra, along the Chakan corridor near Pune, is the western cluster, with a 33% share of the market. Audi,
Volkswagen, and Skoda are located in Aurangabad. Mahindra and Mahindra has an SUV and engine assembly plant at Nashik.
General Motors, Tata Motors, Mercedes Benz, Land Rover, Jaguar, Fiat, and Force Motors have assembly plants in the area.[14][15]
The northern cluster is around the National Capital Region, and contributes 32%. Gurgaon and Manesar, in Haryana, are where the
country's largest car manufacturer, Maruti Suzuki, is based.
An emerging cluster is the state of Gujarat, with a manufacturing facility of General Motors in Halol, and a facility for Tata Nano at
their plant in Sanand. Ford, Maruti Suzuki, andPeugeot-Citroen plants are also planned for Gujarat.[16]
Kolkata with Hindustan Motors (inactive), Noida with Honda, and Bengaluru with Toyota are other automotive manufacturing
regions around the country.[17][18][19]
Andhra Pradesh
Commercial and passenger vehicles
Isuzu Motors India at Sri City, Andhra Pradesh

Kia Motors India at Penukonda, Anantapur district, Andhra Pradesh
Two wheelers
Hero MotoCorp at Satyavedu, Andhra Pradesh
Off-highway vehicles
Kobelco Cranes at Sricity, Andhra Pradesh
Gujarat
Passenger vehicles
General Motors India Private Limited
Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited– Halol[20]

Tata Motors – Sanand[21] Reva electric car sold asG-Wiz in
Ford India – Sanand. UK
Maruti Suzuki – Ahmedabad
Commercial vehicles
Asia Motor Works AMW – Bhuj[22]
Haryana
Two wheelers
Harley-Davidson India, Bawal[23]

Hero MotoCorp – Dharuhera, Gurgaon[24]
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India– Manesar[25]
India Yamaha Motor – Faridabad,[26] Manesar[27]
Suzuki – Gurgaon[28]
Passenger vehicles
Maruti Suzuki – Gurgaon, Manesar[29]
Himachal Pradesh
Two wheelers
TVS Motor – Nalagarh[30]
Passenger vehicles
ICML motors – Amb[31]
Commercial vehicles
TAFE Tractors – Parwanoo[32]
Jharkhand
Commercial vehicles
Tata Motors – Jamshedpur[21]
Karnataka
Two wheelers
TVS Motor – Mysuru[30]

Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India Pvt. Ltd.- Narsapura[25]
Passenger vehicles
Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles – Bengaluru[33]

Toyota Kirloskar Motor Private Limited– Bidadi[34]
Commercial vehicles
Bharat Earth Movers - Bengaluru

Scania Commercial Vehicles India Private Limited – Bengaluru[35]
TAFE Tractors – Doddaballapur[32]
Tata Motors – Dharwad[21]
Bharat Earth Movers - Mysuru
Volvo India
Volvo Buses India – Hosakote[36]

Volvo Trucks India – Hosakote[37]
Volvo Construction Equipment India– Hosakote[38]
Kerala A TVS Rickshaw in Chennai: India is

one of the world's largest
Commercial vehicles manufacturers of three-wheel
vehicles.
Bharat Earth Movers Defense Products - produces Tatra Trucks 12x12,
10x10,8x8, 6x6, 4x4, and variants
Kerala Automobiles Limited
Madhya Pradesh
Two wheelers
Mahindra & Mahindra – Pithampur[39]

Bajaj Pulsar range of Motorcycles
Commercial vehicles
Vehicle Factory Jabalpur, Jabalpur

Eicher Motors – Pithampur[40]
Hindustan Motors – Pithampur[41]
Force Motors Private Limited– Pithampur[42]
TAFE Tractors – Mandideep[32]
John Deere Tractors – Dewas[32]
CASE Construction Equipment- Pithampur[43]
Hero Honda CBZ one of the popular

Maharashtra
models
Two wheelers
Bajaj Auto – Chakan, Pune & Waluj, Aurangabad[44]

KTM Sportmotorcycles– Chakan, Pune
India Kawasaki Motors– Chakan, Pune
Vespa Scooters – Baramati[45]
Kinetic Engineering – Ahmednagar[46]
DSK Hysoung - Wai
Passenger vehicles
Mahindra & Mahindra Automotive Division– Nashik, Chakan, A Volvo bus

Pune[47][48]
Ssangyong Motor Company– Chakan, Pune[49]
Tata Motors Limited
Tata Motors – Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune[50]

Jaguar Cars – Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune[51]
Land Rover - Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune.
Mercedes-Benz Passenger Cars– Chakan, Pune[52]
Fiat Automobiles – Ranjangaon, Pune[53]
Jeep India – Ranjangaon, Pune
General Motors India – Talegaon, Pune)[54]
Volkswagen Group Sales India Private Limited
State Transport Corporation are the
Volkswagen – Chakan, Pune[55] largest buyers for Buses in India
Skoda Auto - Chakan, Pune
Audi AG – Shendra, Aurangabad[56]
Škoda Auto – Shendra, Aurangabad[57]
Chinkara Motors – Karlekhind, Alibag[58]
Premier Automobiles Limited– Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune[59]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland – Bhandara[60]

Bajaj Auto – Waluj, Aurangabad[44]
Force Motors – Chakan, Pune[61]
India is the worlds largest Tractor
Mahindra Navistar – Chakan, Pune[62]
manufacturer by volume
MAN Trucks India – Akurdi, Pune[63]
Piaggio Vehicles – Baramati[64]
Premier Automobiles Limited– Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune[59]
Eicher (VE Commercial Vehicles Ltd.) – Thane.
Sany India – Pune.
Hyundai Construction Equipment– Chakan (Pune).
Terex – Khed, Pune.
Caterpillar - Banda.
Punjab
Commercial vehicles
Mahindra 3616 Four Wheel Drive
sold in USA
SML Isuzu Limited – Nawanshahar[65] (originally a Swaraj Mazda plant).
Preet Tractor, Nabha.
Sonalika Tractor Pvt Ltd, Hoshiarpur.
Rajasthan
Two Wheelers
Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India– Tapukara[25]
Passenger vehicles
L&T 752 Road Roller 2015
Honda Cars India Ltd. – Tapukara[66]
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland – Alwar[60]

TAFE Tractors – Alwar[32]
Tamil Nadu
Two wheelers
TVS Motor – Hosur[30]

Royal Enfield – Chennai[67]
India Yamaha Motor – Oragadam, Chennai
Passenger vehicles
BMW India – Mahindra World City, New Chennai[68][69]

Ford India Private Limited– Maraimalai Nagar, Chennai[70]
Hyundai Motor India Limited– Sriperumbudur, Chennai[71]
Mitsubishi – Tiruvallur, Chennai[41]
Renault Nissan Automotive India Private Limited
Nissan Motor India Private Limited– Oragadam, Chennai[72]

Renault India Private Limited– Oragadam, Chennai[73]
Commercial vehicles
Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi, Chennai

Engine Factory Avadi, Avadi, Chennai
Ashok Leyland – EnnoreChennai, Hosur[60]
BharatBenz – Oragadam, Chennai[74]
Kamaz Vectra Motors – Hosur[75]
SAME Deutz-Fahr Tractors – Ranipet, Vellore[76]
TAFE Tractors – Chennai[32]
TVS Motor – Hosur[30]
T-90S Bhishma Tank's engine

Telangana manufactured by Engine Factory
Avadi, Chennai
Defence
Ordnance Factory Medak, Medak
Uttar Pradesh
Two wheelers
India Yamaha Motor – Greater Noida[77]

LML – Kanpur
Passenger vehicles
Honda Cars India Ltd. – Greater Noida[78]

J.S. Auto (P) LTD. – Kanpur[79]
Commercial vehicles
Tata Motors – Lucknow
Uttarakhand
Commercial vehicles
Ashok Leyland – Pantnagar

Tata Motors – Pantnagar
Mahindra & Mahindra – Haridwar
Two wheelers
Hero MotoCorp – Haridwar

Bajaj Auto – Pantnagar
West Bengal
Passenger vehicles
Hindustan Motors Limited– Kolkata (Inactive)
Commercial vehicles
Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery– Kharagpur
Exports
India's automobile exports have grown consistently and reached $4.5 billion in 2009,
with the United Kingdom being India's largest export market, followed by Italy,
Germany, Netherlands, and South Africa.[80]
According to the New York Times, India's strong engineering base and expertise in
the manufacturing of low-cost, fuel-efficient cars has resulted in the expansion of
manufacturing facilities of several automobile companies like Hyundai, Nissan,
Toyota, Volkswagen, and Maruti Suzuki.[81]
In 2008, South Korean multinational Hyundai Motors alone exported 240,000 cars Mahindra Scorpio in service with
made in India. Nissan Motors plans to export 250,000 vehicles manufactured in its Italy's CNSAS.
India plant by 2011.[82] Similarly, US automobile company, General Motors
1.[83]
announced its plans to export about 50,000 cars manufactured in India by 201
In September 2009, Ford Motors announced its plans to set up a plant in India with an annual capacity of 250,000 cars, for US$500
[84] The company said that the plant was a part of its
million. The cars will be manufactured both for the Indian market and for export.
plan to make India the hub for its global production business.[85] Fiat Motors announced that it would source more than US$1 billion
worth auto components from India.[86]
In 2009 India (0.23m) surpassed China (0.16m) as Asia's fourth largest exporter of cars after Japan (1.77m), Korea (1.12m) and
Thailand (0.26m).[87]
In July 2010, The Economic Times reported that PSA Peugeot Citroën was planning to re-enter the Indian market and open a
production plant in Andhra Pradesh that would have an annual capacity of 100,000 vehicles, investing € 700M in the operation.[88]
PSA's intention to utilise this production facility for export purposes however remains unclear as of December 2010.
In recent years, India has emerged as a leading center for the manufacture of small cars. Hyundai, the biggest exporter from the
country, now ships more than 250,000 cars annually from India. Apart from Maruti Exports' shipments to Suzuki's other markets,
Maruti Suzuki also manufactures small cars for Nissan, which sells them in Europe. Nissan will also export small cars from its new
Indian assembly line. Tata Motors exports its passenger vehicles to Asian and African markets, and is preparing to sell electric cars in
Europe in 2010. The firm is planning to sell an electric version of its af
fordable car the Tata Nano in Europe and in the U.S. Mahindra
& Mahindra is preparing to
introduce its pickup trucks and
small SUV models in the U.S.
market. Bajaj Auto is designing a
low-cost car for Renault Nissan
Automotive India, which will
market the product worldwide.
Renault Nissan may also join
domestic commercial vehicle
A Tata Safari on display in Poznań, The Maruti Ertiga, a model exported
manufacturer Ashok Leyland in
Poland. by Maruti Suzuki, India.
another small car project.[89] While
the possibilities for the Indian
automobile industry are impressive, there are challenges that could thwart future growth. Since the demand for automobiles in recent
years is directly linked to overall economic expansion and rising personal incomes, industry growth will slow if the economy
weakens.[89]
Top 10 export destinations

[90]
India exported $14.5 billion worth of automobiles in 2014. The 10 countries below imported 47.8% of that total.
Rank Country Value (US$) Share

1 United States 1.2 billion 8.4%
2 Mexico $1 billion 6.9%
3 South Africa $888.8 million 6.1%
4 United Kingdom $637.4 million 4.4%
5 Sri Lanka $596.9 million 4.1%
6 Bangladesh $592.1 million 4.1%
7 Turkey $580.4 million 4%
8 Nigeria $546.8 million 3.8%
9 United Arab Emirates $433.6 million 3%
10 Colombia $428.9 million 3%
Passenger vehicles in India

This list is of cars that are officially available and serviced in India. While other cars can be imported to the country at a steep 105%
import duty, car-makers such as Alfa Romeo,[91] McLaren,[92] Pagani,[93] Cadillac,[94] Chrysler,[95] SSC,[96] Lincoln,[97] Zenvo,[98]
SEAT,[99] Smart,[100] Daihatsu,[101] Infiniti,[102] Acura,[103] Saab,[104] Spyker,[105] Lotus,[106] Ariel,[107] Caterham,[108] Peugeot-
Citroën,[109] Mazda,[110] Kia,[111] GAZ,[112] and Proton[113] are in various stages of official introduction into the Indian automobile
industry.
Indian automotive companies
Models currently manufactured by Indian companies
Chinkara Motors:[114] Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S, Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster

Force Motors (earlier known as Tempo): One
Hindustan Motors:[115] Ambassador
Hradyesh:[116] Morris Street[117]
ICML:[118] Rhino Rx
Mahindra:[119] Bolero, Scorpio, Thar, Xylo, Quanto, Verito, Verito Vibe,
Genio, XUV500, e2o, TUV300, KUV100, NuvoSport.
Premier Automobiles Limited:[120] Sigma, RiO
San Motors:[121] Storm
Maruti Suzuki (subsidiary of Japanese auto makerSuzuki)[122][123] Alto
K10, Alto 800, WagonR, Swift, DZire, Omni, Eeco, Gypsy, Ertiga,
Celerio, Ciaz, Vitara Brezza, Baleno, Ignis, S-Cross.
Maruti Swift in India. Maruti Suzuki is
Tata Motors:[124] Nano, Indica, Vista, Indigo, Manza, Indigo CS, Sumo,
a subsidiary of Suzuki Motor
Movus, Venture, Safari, Xenon, Zest, Bolt, Tiago, Tigor, Hexa, Nexon.
Corporation of Japan
Defunct Indian automotive companies
Sipani Automobiles
Standard Motor Products of India
Foreign automotive companies in India

Hyundai, Renault, Nissan, Datsun, Mitsubishi, Ford, Fiat, Honda, Toyota,
Volkswagen, Skoda, Audi, Jaguar, Land Rover, Mercedes-Benz, BMW and MINI
are the foreign automotive companies that manufacture and market their products in Mahindra XUV500, one of India's
India. best selling indigenously developed
SUV
Vehicles currently manufactured or assembled in India
Audi India: A3, A4, A6, A8, Q3, Q5,Q7.

BMW India:[125] 1 Series, 3 Series, 3 Series GT, 5 Series, 7 Series, X1,
X3, X5.
Datsun: Go, Go+, Redi-Go
Fiat India: Punto, Linea, Avventura, Urban Cross.
Ford India:[126] Figo, Figo Aspire, Ecosport, Endeavour.
Honda Cars India Limited:[127] Brio, Jazz, Amaze, BR-V, City.
Hyundai Motor India:[128] Eon, i10, i20, Xcent, Verna, Elantra, Creta,
Tucson. Manufactured only in Chennai, India,
Isuzu:[129][130] MU-7, V-Cross. the i10 is one of Hyundai's best
Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[131] XE, XF, XJ. selling globally exported cars.
Jeep India: Compass.
Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[132] Discovery Sport, Range
Rover Evoque.
Mercedes-Benz India:[133] A-Class, C-Class, E-Class, GLA-Class, GLE-Class, GLC-Class, S-Class.
MINI:[134] Countryman.
Mitsubishi[135] (in collaboration with Hindustan Motors):[136] Pajero.
Nissan Motor India:[137] Micra, Sunny, Terrano.
Renault India:[138][139][140] Captur, Duster,Kwid, Lodgy.
Škoda Auto India:[141][142] Rapid, Octavia,Superb, Kodiaq.
Toyota Kirloskar:[143] Etios Liva, Etios, Corolla Altis, Innova Crysta, Fortuner, Camry.
Volkswagen India:[144][145] Polo, Vento, Ameo, Tiguan, Passat.
Opel was present in India until 2006. As of 2013, Opel only provides spare parts and vehicle servicing to existing Opel vehicle
owners.
Vehicles currently imported into India

Aston Martin:[146] Vantage, Vanquish, Rapide, Virage, DB9, DBS, One-
77.
Audi:[147] A8 L, A7, A5, TT, RS 6 Avant, R8.
Bentley:[148][149] Arnage, Azure, Brooklands, Continental GT,
Continental Flying Spur, Mulsanne.
BMW:[150] 5 Series GT, 6 Series, 7 Series, X5 M, X6, X6 M, M3, M5, M6
and Z4.
Bugatti:[151][152] Veyron.
Ferrari:[153][154] California, 458 Italia, F12, FF. Suzuki Kizashi. Kizashis were sold
Fiat: Abarth 595 Competizone by Maruti in the Indian market
Ford:[155] Mustang.
General Motors:[156] Hummer H2, Hummer H3.
Gumpert:[157] Apollo.
Honda:[158][159] Accord Hybrid.
Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[131] XK, F-Type

Koenigsegg:[160][161] CCX, CCXR, Agera.
Lamborghini:[162] Huracan, Aventador.
Land Rover (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[132] Discovery 4, Range Rover
Velar, Range Rover Sport, Range Rover.
Maserati:[163] Quattroporte, Ghibli.
Mercedes-Benz:[164] Viano.
MINI:[134] Cooper, Cooper S, Convertible.
Honda civic MugenRR
Mitsubishi: Montero.
Nissan:GT-R.
Porsche:[165][166] 997, Boxster, Panamera, Cayman, Cayenne, Carrera
GT, Macan.
Rolls Royce:[167] Ghost, Wraith, Phantom, Phantom Coupé, Phantom
Drophead Coupé.
SsangYong (subsidiary of Mahindra & Mahindra):[168] Rexton.
Toyota:[143] Land Cruiser, Land Cruiser Prado, Prius.
Volkswagen:[169] Beetle.
Volvo:[170] V40, V90, S60, S90, XC60, XC90.
Mitsubishi Lancer Evolution X
Commercial vehicle manufacturers in

India
Indian brands
AMW[171]
Eicher Motors[172]
Force[173]
Hindustan Motors[174]
Mahindra & Mahindra
Premier[120]
Tata Motors[175]
Hero Motocorp
Jaguar
Land Rover
Bajaj Auto
TVS Motor
Joint-venture (JV) brands
Ashok Leyland[176] - originally a JV betweenAshok Motors (owned by the Hinduja Group) and Leyland Motors, now
joint ventures between Ashok Leyland andNissan Motors (Japan) for LCV's; andJohn Deere (USA) for construction
equipment.[177]
KaMAZ Vectra[178] - A JV between Russia'sKaMAZ and the Vectra Group
MAN Force - A JV between Force Motors and MAN AG (Germany)
SML Isuzu - originally, as Swaraj Mazda, a JV between Punjab Tractors and Mazda, now 53.5% owned by
Sumitomo Group and with its current name since 2011.[179]
Tatra Vectra Motors Ltd - (defunct) Initial truck partnership with India by V
ectra. Replaced by Kamaz. Tatra trucks for
sale in India are now manufactured in collaboration withBharat Earth Movers Limited.
VE Commercial Vehicles Limited[180] - VE Commercial Vehicles limited - A JV between Volvo Group and Eicher
Motors Limited.
Maruti Suzuki - A joint venture of IndianMaruti and Japanese Suzuki.
Foreign-owned brands
J. C. Bamford (JCB) (Owned by British multinational corporationJ. C. Bamford).
BharatBenz (Owned by Daimler AG of Germany and affiliated with Daimler's Fuso and Mercedes-Benz brands)[181]
Caterpillar Inc.[182]
DAF[183]
Hino[184]
Isuzu[185]
Iveco[186]
MAN
Mercedes-Benz[187] - manufactures luxury coaches in India.
Piaggio[188]
Rosenbauer.[189]
Scania[190]
Tatra.[191]
Volvo.[192]
Electric vehicle and Hybrid vehicle (xEV) industry

During April 2012, the Indian government planned to unveil the road map for the development of domestic electric and hybrid
vehicles (xEV) in the country.[193] A discussion between the various stakeholders, including Government, industry, and academia,
was expected to take place during 23–24 February.[193] The final contours of the policy would have been formed after this set of
discussions. Ministries such as Petroleum, Finance, Road Transport, and Power are involved in developing a broad framework for the
sector. Along with these ministries, auto industry executives, such as Anand Mahindra (Vice Chairman and Managing Director,
Mahindra & Mahindra) and Vikram Kirloskar (Vice-Chairman, Toyota Kirloskar), were involved in this task.[193] The Government
has also proposed to set up a Rs 740 crore research and development fund for the sector in the 12th five-year plan during 2012-
17.[193] The idea is to reduce the high cost of key imported components such as the battery and electric motor, and to develop such
capabilities locally.
Electric car manufacturers in India

Ajanta Group.[194]
Hero Electric.[195]
Mahindra.[196]
Reva, now Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles.

Tara International.[197]
Tata Motors.[198]
Defunct motor vehicle manufacturers of India

Automobile Products of Indiaor API - founded in 1949 atBombay (now Mumbai), by the British companyRootes
Group,[199] and later bought over byM. A. Chidambaram of the MAC Group fromMadras (now Chennai).[199] The
company manufacturedLambretta scooters, API Three Wheelers under licence fromInnocenti of Italy and
Automobile ancillaries, notably Clutch and Braking systems. API's registered fices
of were earlier in Mumbai, later
shifted to Chennai, in Tamil Nadu. The manufacturing facilities were located in Mumbai and Aurangabad in
Maharashtra and in Ambattur, Chennai.[200] The company has not been operational since 2002.
Escorts Yamaha - in 1984 Escorts formed a joint venture with Y amaha to manufacture motorcycles. In 2008 became
India Yamaha Motor.
Hero Motors is a former moped and scooter manufacturer based inDelhi, India. It is a part of multinational company
Hero Group, which also currently ownsHero Motocorp (formerly Hero Honda) and Hero Cycles, among others. Hero
Motors was started in the 1960s to manufacture 50 cc two-stroke mopeds but gradually diversified into making larger
mopeds, mokicks and scooters in the 1980s and the 1990s. Noteworthy collaborators and technical partners were
Puch of Austria and Malaguti of Italy. Due to tightening emission regulations and poor sales, Hero motors have
discontinued the manufacture of all gasoline powered vehicles and transformed itself into an electric two-wheeler
and auto parts manufacturer.
Ideal Jawa - motorcycle company based in Mysore, sold licensed Jawa and ČZ motorcycles beginning in 1960 under
the brand name Jawa and later Yezdi.
Kinetic Honda - a joint venture betweenKinetic Engineering Limited, India and Honda Motor Company, Japan. The
JV operated during 1984 - 1998, manufacturing 2-strokescooters in India. In 1998, the joint venture was terminated
after which Kinetic Engineering continued to sell the models under the brand nameKinetic until 2008[201] when the
interests were sold to Mahindra.
Mopeds India Limited - produces the Suvega range of Mopeds under technical collaboration withMotobécane of
France.
Standard - produced by Standard Motor Products inMadras from 1949 to 1988. Indian Standards were variations of
vehicles made in the U.K. byStandard-Triumph. Standard Motor Products of India Ltd. (SMPI) was incorporated in
1948,[202] and their first product was theVanguard, which began to be assembled in 1949. The company was
dissolved in 2006 and the old plant torn down.
See also
Media related to Automobile manufacturers of Indiaat Wikimedia Commons
Automobile industry
Automotive Industry Standards, the automotive regulations of India
Electric vehicle industry in India
Electronics and semiconductor manufacturing industry in India
Lists of automobile-related articles
List of car brands
List of truck manufacturers
List of motorcycle manufacturers(Category)
List of scooters - List of scooter manufacturers
List of countries by motor vehicle production
List of countries by vehicles per capita
List of Asian cars
List of automobile manufacturers of China
List of Japanese cars
List of vehicle plants in India
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Automotive industry in India

Maruti Suzuki is the market leader in

Commercial vehicle manufacturers in India

The Government of India encourages foreign investment in the automobile sector

Some of the major initiatives taken by the Government of India are:

The Government of India aims to make automobile manufacturing the

An embryonic automotive industry

A pre-Independence car showroom emerged in India in the 1940s.

The 1952 Tariff Commission

Hindustan Motors, Calcutta - technical collaboration withMorris Motors

Many of the two-wheelers manufacturers were granted licenses in the

Slow export growth

Commercial and passenger vehicles

Isuzu Motors India at Sri City, Andhra Pradesh

Hero MotoCorp at Satyavedu, Andhra Pradesh

Kobelco Cranes at Sricity, Andhra Pradesh

General Motors India Private Limited

Chevrolet Sales India Private Limited– Halol[20]

Asia Motor Works AMW – Bhuj[22]

Harley-Davidson India, Bawal[23]

Maruti Suzuki – Gurgaon, Manesar[29]

TVS Motor – Nalagarh[30]

ICML motors – Amb[31]

TAFE Tractors – Parwanoo[32]

Tata Motors – Jamshedpur[21]

TVS Motor – Mysuru[30]

Mahindra Reva Electric Vehicles – Bengaluru[33]

Bharat Earth Movers - Bengaluru

Volvo Buses India – Hosakote[36]

Kerala A TVS Rickshaw in Chennai: India is

Mahindra & Mahindra – Pithampur[39]

Vehicle Factory Jabalpur, Jabalpur

Hero Honda CBZ one of the popular

Bajaj Auto – Chakan, Pune & Waluj, Aurangabad[44]

Mahindra & Mahindra Automotive Division– Nashik, Chakan, A Volvo bus

Tata Motors – Pimpri Chinchwad, Pune[50]

Ashok Leyland – Bhandara[60]

Honda Motorcycle & Scooter India– Tapukara[25]

Ashok Leyland – Alwar[60]

TVS Motor – Hosur[30]

BMW India – Mahindra World City, New Chennai[68][69]

Nissan Motor India Private Limited– Oragadam, Chennai[72]

Heavy Vehicles Factory, Avadi, Chennai

T-90S Bhishma Tank's engine

Ordnance Factory Medak, Medak

India Yamaha Motor – Greater Noida[77]

Honda Cars India Ltd. – Greater Noida[78]

Tata Motors – Lucknow

Ashok Leyland – Pantnagar

Hero MotoCorp – Haridwar

Hindustan Motors Limited– Kolkata (Inactive)

Tata Hitachi Construction Machinery– Kharagpur

Top 10 export destinations

Rank Country Value (US$) Share

Passenger vehicles in India

Indian automotive companies

Models currently manufactured by Indian companies

Chinkara Motors:[114] Beachster, Hammer, Roadster 1.8S, Rockster, Jeepster, Sailster

Defunct Indian automotive companies

Foreign automotive companies in India

Vehicles currently manufactured or assembled in India

Audi India: A3, A4, A6, A8, Q3, Q5,Q7.

Vehicles currently imported into India

Jaguar (Subsidiary of Tata Motors):[131] XK, F-Type