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PRELIMINARY
1.1 Background
In general, centrifugation is the process of separation by using centrifugal force
as the driving force. Separation can be performed on suspended liquid-solid phase as
well as liquid-liquid phase mixture. In the two fluids have a mass density difference.
If the mass density of the two liquids are greater, it’s more easily separated by
centrifugation and less energy required for separation process. In other purposes,
centrifugation operation may also be dual functional, as separator for mixture and as
dryer of the material.
2.1 Definition
Centrifugation is the process of separating particles based on the weight of the
particles on bouyant density by centrifugal force. The centrifugal force (Fs) is a
circular motion force that rotates away from the center of the circle where the value is
positive. This centrifugal force is the opposite of the centrapetal force, which is close
to the center of the circle. Centrifugal force is widely used when a force greater than
that of gravity is desired for separation of solids and fluids of different densities, as in
settling, or for separations of the nature of filtration. Centrifugation is used in
sedimentation where the particles present in a material are separated from the fluid by
the centrifugation force imposed on the particles. The particles can be solid, gas, or
liquid.
2.4 Classification
Based on the mechanism, the centrifuge is classified into three:
1. Sedimenting centrifuge
This type of tool is usually used to separate the liquid from the solid and is removed
through a hole in the centrifuge wall. Generally, sedimentation centrifugation is
used to obtain fluids.
Pastry,
Disk stack Up to 14000 3000-10000 200 (max)
flowable→firm
Scroll Pastry,
2000-6000 1600-6000 <100
decanter granular
Tubular Bowl
A high-speed centrifuge (15,000 rpm, 250 Hz) with vertical axis (vertical axis)
Used for the separation of non-mixed liquids or fine solids
Particle size and interval feed concentration are 0.1-100 m and 5% w / w
Operate batch.
3. Purifying centrifuge
2.5 Application
In industry, centrifugation is widely used, for example:
Separation of particles by size and density
Separation of non-mixed liquids with different densities
Suspension filtering
Drying of solids, especially crystals
Destructive emulsions and colloidal suspensions
Gas separation
Mass transfer process
2.6 Sample Problems and Calculation