CHAPTER 1

INTRODUCTION

Industrial Training is a training scheme by which a student undergoes practical

training that is relevant to professional development prior to graduation .Industrial
Training is an essential component in the development of the practical and
professional skills required for an undergraduate, it’s one of the requirements for the
award of a bachelor’s degree. In MG University, Industrial Training is normally done
during the semester holidays. Upon completion of Industrial Training, a student is
expected to document all the activities done in form of a report which should
demonstrate the development of practical and professional skills acquired.

1.1 Background to Industrial Training

The education system in most universities is theory based, students in most cases just
limit their study and research to just passing examinations yet it’s more to that .This
calls for the need of the internship program which will expose students to the real
work environment, that way the students will be able to know where the knowledge
taught in the lecture rooms is applicable. It also exposes students to the problems
faced while in the field and how to solve some of these problems. This training also
equips students with development of skills in dealing with people, and
communications skills which is not taught in the lecture room .This training is part of
the learning process. By the end of it, the student will have acquired the experience
and knowledge that will uplift his or her competition in the job market upon
graduation.

1.2 Background of the Organization

ATEES Industrial training(AIT) a division of ATEES infomedia private limited is
one of the leading training institute in providing learning services to students across
the globe.AIT gives a great opportunity to carry out students academic projects in
CS/IT and electronics and management arena. They provide live application project
(LAP) and IEEE projects, internships, industrial visits and workshops for students.
Their real time projects are identified as the best by the top engineering colleges in
India. They also offers Windows and Linux based project guidance.AIT specializes
on providing training in various technologies like php, advanced php, java, android,
.net, jee, python, ios, odoo and Hadoop.

AIT team comprises of highly skilled professionals possessing significant industrial

experience across various industry. Their experience trainers will provide practical
knowledge with projects, interview questions and answers, project case studies and
many more to make students technical experts.

Aiming to become a world class standard IT industry in the Republic of India, AIT
target in utilizing the intellectual talents of the republic by providing job opportunities
to the students from IT and other professional institutions of the Republic having
technical and managerial skills and provide environment to develop high quality
technical experience and skills.

1.3 Internship Objectives

The reason I choose to follow an internship is because I wanted to benefit from the
experience. I wanted a new challenge and to learn, improve and develop new sets of
skills. An internship is a method of on-the-job training for white-collar and
professional careers. Internships for professional careers are similar to
apprenticeships for trade and vocational jobs. Although interns are typically college
or university students, they can also be high school students or post-graduate adults.
On occasion, they are middle school or even elementary students. In some countries,
internships for school children are called work experience. Internships may be paid or
unpaid, and are usually understood to be temporary positions.

Generally, an internship consists of an exchange of services for experience between

the student and an organization. Students can also use an internship to determine if
they have an interest in a particular career, create a network of contacts, or gain
school credit. Some interns find permanent, paid employment with the organizations
with which they interned. This can be a significant benefit to the employer as
experienced interns often need little or no training when they begin regular
employment. Unlike a trainee program, employment at the completion of an
internship is not guaranteed.

Internship students will develop skills in the application of theory to practical work
situations. Internship will provide students the opportunity to test Internship students
will develop skills and techniques directly applicable to their careers .Their aptitude
for a particular career before permanent commitments are made. Internships will
increase a student’s sense of responsibility .Internship students will be prepared to
enter into full time employment in their area of specialization upon graduation.
Internship students will develop employment records/references that will enhance
employment opportunities.
 CHAPTER 2
OVERVIEW OF THE ORGANISATION

ATEES Infomedia exhibits a various number of web services to the clients, which is a
major part of any business nowadays, without which it is impossible to display the
efforts and exciting offers to the public.Atees.org is tracked by them since August,
2014. Over the time it has been ranked as high as 103 799 in the world, while most of
its traffic comes from India, where it reached as high as 8 180 position. All this time
it was owned by naeem ibrahim of ATEES, it was hosted by Godaddy.com, Rose
Web Services LLC and others.

Atees Infomedia Private Limited is a Private incorporated on 26 December 2011. It is

classified as Non-govt company and is registered at Registrar of Companies,
Ernakulum. Atees Infomedia Private Limited's Annual General Meeting (AGM) was
last held on 30 September 2016 and as per records from Ministry of Corporate Affairs
(MCA), its balance sheet was last filed on 31 March 2016.
Directors of Atees Infomedia Private Limited are Nasia Ibrahim and Naeem Ibrahim.
Atees Infomedia Private Limited's Corporate Identification Number is (CIN)
U74140KL2011PTC030124 and its registration number is 30124 and located at
Thrissure.

Some of the web services provided by ATEES are Web Development, Web
Applications, and UI & Web Design. Yet another service used frequently is web
hosting. ATEES also practices the core components of web hosting which includes
Web Server, Mail Servers, Database Server, and Email Client. Types of web hosting
services from ATEES are Internet Service Providers (ISPs), Free Web Hosting, Paid
Hosting Domain Hosting. They are experts in hosting websites and apps for both
windows and Linux platform.

Other types of options we provide in the types of web hosting are:

  Shared Server Hosting - To share space on a single server by several
webmasters
 Dedicated Server Hosting - Exclusively for ATEES
 Cloud Server Hosting - For cloud storage solutions

WEBSITE DEVELOPMENT & WEB APPLICATION

Web design & development: A well-designed website is the essence of any business.
Atees experts create the perfect website that is engaging and can drive visits to
conversion.

ERP software: Acronym for ‘Enterprise Resource Planning’, the use of ERP allows
automation and integration of core business processes into a single system, making it
a faster in a more efficient way of doing business. Atees create the perfect ERP
package tailored to clients specific requirements.

Software re-engineering: If business software not working properly or Is it slow,

difficult to maintain or no longer meeting business needs then Atees provide help to
re-engineer the business software to serve the current needs, with no interruption to
the business.

Offshore development: They offer their international clients with high- quality IT
solutions. Their experienced professionals have successfully implemented projects
from all parts of the world in a timely manner.

Mobile application development: if there is any requirement of apps for Android,

iOS and Windows mobile which are user-friendly and powerful then Atees provide
full range of mobile solutions ensures you get the best business out of the mobile app.

E-commerce website development: clients can build their own online store, with
Atees professional expertise. Whether they wish to expand their traditional business
with online sale options or want to go strictly online, Atees make the perfect e-
commerce website for online selling needs

DIGITAL MARKETING

E-commerce digital marketing: The digital world of marketing is overrun with

competition. To stay on the top Atees help to create a winning marketing strategy for
e-commerce.

Facebook management: Social media offers a huge opportunity to showcase business

and interact with customers. Atees social media experts help you maintain an active
social presence and drive more traffic your way.

Pay per click: Pay- per-click is an important way of internet marketing that allows
clients ads at the top of search engine results and they will pay the search engine each
time their ad is clicked, leading the visitor to website. Atees help them to plan the
perfect PPC campaign that can generate maximum clicks and significantly enhance
their profits at affordable cost.

Local digital marketing: Atees design the ideal digital marketing strategy that appeals
to local customers and helps grow their business within that specific geographical
location.

National digital marketing: For those who wish to cater to a nation-wide audience
Atees offer specific services for enhancing one’s online presence at the national
level.

Global digital marketing: Buying and selling over the internet is not confined to one’s
country. Atees experts follow global trends in digital marketing and customer
preferences. They evaluate clients business for where it is now, where it needs to be
and then create a perfect marketing to achieve that goal.

Services provided by ATEES industrial trainng are as follows

INTERNSHIP

AIT assign internship courses at affordable costs. Students can gain a variety of
learning modules by limited projects allotted and dully assessed. All interns can be a
project leader by gaining expertise in specialized courses.

INDUSTRIAL VISIT

Industrial visit s a part of college curriculum seen more often in an engineering course
during which student visit companies and get insight regarding the internal working
environment of a company and how a company functions

TECH TALKS

Atees.org a reputed site of AIT imparts knowledge to all hungry for learning AIT
introduces attractive tech talks and conducting workshops. Tech talk short for
technical talk covered in a short session.

MANAGEMENT TALKS

Management talks are the best method for every business administration students to
know about various management departments in this company such as human
resource, sales and marketing, finance, digital marketing.
 CHAPTER 3
FIELD ATTACHMENT ACTIVITIES

3.1 Introduction
This chapter gives a detailed insight of the activities I undertook during our Industrial
training. At AIT, There are IT internship students from other colleges and all
activities were done individually.

3.2 Activities Development

Software is a set of instruction to acquire inputs and to manipulate them to produce
the desired output in terms of functions and performance as determined by the user of
the software. It also includes a set of documents, such as the software manual, meant
for user to understand the software system. Software is the collection of computer
programs, procedures, rules and associated documentation and data.

3.3 Code Generation

Code generation is the technique of writing and using programs that build application
and system code. To understand code generation, you need to understand what goes
in and what comes out. The design must be translated into a machine-readable form.
The code generation step performs this task. If design is performed in detailed
manner, code generation can be accomplished mechanistically. Many of the details
about coding the design depend on the programming language chosen are not
specified during design. The goal of the coding phase is to translate the design of the
system into the code in a given programming language. The coding phase affects both
testing and maintenance profoundly. Well written code can reduce the testing and
maintenance effort. Because the testing and maintenance costs of software are much
higher than the coding cost. The goal of coding should be to reduce the testing and
maintenance effort. During coding the focus should be on developing programs that
are easy to read and understand, and not simply on developing programs that are easy
to write. Simplicity and clarity should be strived for during the coding phase.
3.4 Testing
Once code has been generated, program testing begins. The testing process focuses on
the logical internal of the software, ensuring that all statements have been tested, and
on the functional externals; that is, conducting tests to uncover errors and ensure that
defined input will produce actual results that agree with required results.

Testing is the major quality control measure used during software development. Its
basic function is to detect defects in the software. During requirements analysis and
design, the output is a document that is usually textual and non-executable. After
coding, computer programs are available that can be executed for testing purposes.
The goal of testing is to uncover requirement, design, and coding errors in the
programs.

The starting point of testing is unit testing, where the different modules or
components are tested individually. Concentrates on each component/function of the
software as implemented in the source code.

In integration testing, modules are integrated into the system which focuses on testing
the interconnection between modules Focuses on the design and construction of the
software architecture. In validation testing, the requirements are validated against the
constructed software. After the system is put together, system testing is performed.
Here, the system is tested against the system requirements to see if all the
requirements are met and if the system performs as specified by the requirements.

The software and the other system elements are tested as a whole. Finally, user
acceptance testing is performed to demonstrate to the client, on the real life data of
the client, the operation of the system. Testing is an extremely critical and time
consuming activity. It requires proper planning of the overall testing process. The
testing process starts with a test plan that identifies all the
testing related activities that must be performed and specifies the schedule, allocates
the resource and specific guidelines for testing. The test plan specifies conditions that
should be tested, different units to be tested and the manner in which the modules will
be integrated. For different test units a test case specification document is produced,
which list all the different test cases, together with the expected output.
 CHAPTER 4
INTRODUCTION TO JAVA

Internet is the network of networks between different types of computers located at

different places to transmit information. Information can reach to any place in the
world quickly at a cheaper rate through the Internet. Thus, the Internet has made the
world a global village for information exchange. The emerging infrastructure of
electronic devices and interconnected computer networks create an environment that
presents new challenges to software industries. For this emerging computing
environment, Java process to be a well – suited programming language. It is found
suitable for networked environments involving a great variety of computer and
devices.
Java programming language was originally developed by Sun Microsystems which
was initiated by James Gosling and released in 1995 as core component of Sun
Microsystems' Java platform (Java 1.0 [J2SE]). The latest release of the Java
Standard Edition is Java SE 8. With the advancement of Java and its widespread
popularity, multiple configurations were built to suit various types of platforms. For
example: J2EE for Enterprise Applications, J2ME for Mobile Applications. The new
J2 versions were renamed as Java SE, Java EE, and Java ME respectively. Java is
guaranteed to be Write Once, Run Anywhere.

4.1 FEATURES OF JAVA

Object Oriented: In Java, everything is an Object. Java can be easily extended
since it is based on the Object model.
Platform Independent: Unlike many other programming languages including C
and C++, when Java is compiled, it is not compiled into platform specific machine,
rather into platform independent byte code. This byte code is distributed over the web
and interpreted by the Virtual Machine (JVM) on whichever platform it is being run
on.
Simple: Java is designed to be easy to learn. If you understand the basic concept of
OOP Java, it would be easy to master.
Secure: With Java's secure feature it enables to develop virus-free, tamper-free
systems. Authentication techniques are based on public-key encryption.
Architecture-neutral: Java compiler generates an architecture-neutral object file
format, which makes the compiled code executable on many processors, with the
presence of Java runtime system.
Portable: Being architecture-neutral and having no implementation dependent
aspects of the specification makes Java portable. Compiler in Java is written in ANSI
C with a clean portability boundary, which is a POSIX subset.
Robust: Java makes an effort to eliminate error prone situations by emphasizing
mainly on compile time error checking and runtime checking.
Multithreaded: With Java's multithreaded feature it is possible to write programs
that can perform many tasks simultaneously. This design feature allows the
developers to construct interactive applications that can run smoothly.
Interpreted: Java byte code is translated on the fly to native machine instructions
and is not stored anywhere. The development process is more rapid and analytical
since the linking is an incremental and light-weight process.
High Performance: With the use of Just-In-Time compilers, Java enables high
performance.
Distributed: Java is designed for the distributed environment of the internet.
Dynamic: Java is considered to be more dynamic than C or C++ since it is designed
to adapt to an evolving environment. Java programs can carry extensive amount of
run-time information that can be used to verify and resolve accesses to objects.

4.1.1 THE JAVA PLATFORM

One thing that distinguished Java from some other languages is its ability to run the
same compiled code across multiple operating systems. In other languages, the source
code (code that is written by the programmer), is compiled by a compiler into an
executable file. This file is in machine language, and is intended for a single operating
system/processor combination, so the programmer would have to re-compile the
program separately for each new operating system/processor combination. Java is
different in that it does not compile the code directly into machine language code.
Compilation creates bytecode out of the source code. Bytecode generally looks
something like this:
a7 f4 73 5a 1b 92 7d
When the code is run by the user, it is processed by something called the Java Virtual
Machine (JVM). The JVM is essentially an interpreter for the bytecode. It goes
through the bytecode and runs it. There are different versions of the JVM that are
compatible with each OS and can run the same code. There is virtually no difference
for the end-user, but this makes it a lot easier for programmers doing software
development.
The Java platform has two components:
The Java Virtual Machine

The Java Application Programming Interface (API)

JAVA VIRTUAL MACHINE :-

The Java virtual machine (JVM) is a software implementation of a computer that
executes programs like a real machine.The Java virtual machine is written specifically
for a specific operating system, e.g. for Linux a special implementation is required as
well as for Windows. Java programs are compiled by the Java compiler into
bytecode. The Java virtual machine interprets this bytecode and executes the Java
program.

JAVA APLICATION PROGRAMMING INTERFACE:-

The API is a large collection of ready-made software components that provide many
useful capabilities. It is grouped into libraries of related classes and interfaces; these
libraries are known as packages. The API and Java Virtual Machine insulate the
program from the underlying hardware. As a platform-independent environment, the
Java platform can be a bit slower than native code. However, advances in compiler
and virtual machine technologies are bringing performance close to that of native
code without threatening portability.

Java platform gives you the following features:

 Development Tools: The development tools provide everything you'll need

for compiling, running, monitoring, debugging, and documenting your
applications. As a new developer, the main tools you'll be using are the javac
compiler, the java launcher, and the javadoc documentation tool.
 Application Programming Interface (API): The API provides the core
functionality of the Java programming language. It offers a wide array of
useful classes ready for use in your own applications. It spans everything
from basic objects, to networking and security, to XML generation and
database access, and more. The core API is very large.
 Deployment Technologies: The JDK software provides standard
mechanisms such as the Java Web Start software and Java Plug-In software
for deploying your applications to end users.
 User Interface Toolkits: The Swing and Java 2D toolkits make it possible to
create sophisticated Graphical User Interfaces (GUIs).
 Integration Libraries: Integration libraries such as the Java IDL API, JDBC
API, Java Naming and Directory Interface API, Java RMI, and Java Remote
Method Invocation over Internet Inter-ORB Protocol Technology (Java RMI-
IIOP Technology) enable database access and manipulation of remote
objects.

4.1.2 JAVA RUNTIME ENVIRONMENT VS. JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT

A Java distribution comes typically in two flavors, the Java Runtime Environment
(JRE) and the Java Development Kit (JDK).
The Java runtime environment (JRE) consists of the JVM and the Java class
libraries and contains the necessary functionality to start Java programs.
The JDK contains in addition the development tools necessary to create Java
programs. The JDK consists therefore of a Java compiler, the Java virtual machine,
and the Java class libraries.

4.2 INSTALLATION OF JAVA

4.2.1 CHECK INSTALLATION

 Java might already be installed on your machine. You can test this by opening
a console (if you are using Windows: Win+R, enter cmd and press Enter) and
by typing in the following command:java -version
 If Java is correctly installed, you should see some information about your Java
installation.
If the command line returns the information that the program could not be found, you
have to install Java.

4.2.1 INSTALLING THE JAVA DEVELOPMENT KIT

Before installing the Java Development Kit (JDK), you should probably know what it
is. It is distributed by Oracle. It contains the core libraries and compiler required to
develop Java. The JDK should not be confused with the JRE (Java Runtime
Environment). The JRE is a JVM for running, as opposed to compiling, Java
programs.

4.2.3 DOWNLOADING AND INSTALLING

To download the JDK, go to http://www.oracle.com/technetwork/java/javase/
downloads/index.html. Click on "JDK with NetBeans Bundle". Follow the
instructions for downloading the JDK installation file. If you are running Windows,
simply run the executable file and follow the installation instructions.
For Unix, Solaris, or Linux For Linux and Unix, download the "jdk1 6.0" for Linux
systems. Save the downloaded file in any drive. Once you have saved the file, extract
it to a place that you can remember, by using Terminal or by double clicking on the
file. When you have finished extracting the file, copy the JDK 1.6.0 folder and paste
it in the usr/local(To paste to the usr/local directory, you have to be in root) so that
every user can use the java files. You can delete the downloaded zip file so that it
doesn't take up space on your drive.
Software requirements:
Linux 7.1 or Windows xp/7/8 operating system
Java JDK 8
Microsoft Notepad or any other text editor

Popular Java Editors:

To write your Java programs, we will need a text editor. There are even more
sophisticated IDEs available in the market.
 Notepad: On Windows machine, you can use any simple text editor like
Notepad, Text Pad.
 Netbeans: A Java IDE that is open-source and free, which can be downloaded
from http://www.netbeans.org/index.html.
 Eclipse: A Java IDE developed by the eclipse open-source community and
can be downloaded from http://www.eclipse.org/.

Note on Editions:-
The JDK comes in three editions.
 Java Standard Edition (JSE) – This version is the basic platform for Java. The
course will focus on this edition.
  Java Enterprise Edition (JEE) – This edition is mainly for developing and
running distributed multitier architecture Java applications, based largely on
modular softwarecomponents running on an application server. We will not be
covering this version in the course.
 Java Micro Edition (JME) – This edition is primarily for developing programs
to run on consumer appliances, such as PDAs and cell phones.

4.2.4 CONFIGURING VARIABLES

Before writing code, it is recommended that you set the Path variable on your system
so you can compile your code more easily.
For Windows Users
 From the Control Panel, double click "System" (System and Maintenance in
Vista)
 For Windows 7 or Vista, click on "System," "Advanced System Settings" on
the left, and then on "Environment Variables."
 For XP and 2000, click on the "Advanced" tab and click on "Environment
Variables" For NT, click on the "Environment" tab.
 Select the Path variable and click "Edit"
 Add the path to the bin directory of where Java is installed on your hard drive.
It should probably be: C:\Program Files\Java\jdk1.6.0_20\bin unless you
changed it during installation.
 Click OK
For Linux and UNIX
One way to set your path in Linux/Unix is to add a path export to your bash profile.
 In order to do this, first open your bash profile in a text editor. For example,
pico ~/.bash_profile
 Then add this line:export PATH=$PATH:/usr/local/jdk/bin
 Note that the path to the java directory "/usr/local/jdk/bin" may be different on
your machine. Restart your shell.
4.3 FUNDAMENTAL CONCEPTS IN JAVA
Java is an Object-Oriented Language. As a language that has the Object Oriented feature,
Java supports the following fundamental concepts: Polymorphism, Inheritance,
Encapsulation, Abstraction, Classes, Objects, overriding, interfaces, packages, Method,
and Message Passing.
4.3.1. Objects in java
Objects have states and behaviors. An object is an instance of a class. If the real-world is
considered many objects can be found around us, Cars, Dogs, Humans, etc. All these
objects have a state and behavior. If a dog is considered, then its state is - name, breed,
color, and the behavior is - barking, wagging, running If the software object is compared
with a real world object, they have very similar characteristics. Software objects also
have a state and behavior. A software object's state is stored in fields and behavior is
shown via methods. So in software development, methods operate on the internal state of
an object and the object-to-object communication is done via methods.

4.3.2 Classes in java

A class is a blue print from which individual objects are created. A sample of a class is
given below:
public class Student
{
String name;
int age;
int std;
void ()
{}
void mark()
{}
void rank()
{}
}
A class can contain any of the following variable types.
 Local variables: Variables defined inside methods, constructors or blocks
are called local variables. The variable will be declared and initialized
within the method and the variable will be destroyed when the method
has completed.
 Instance variables: Instance variables are variables within a class but
outside any method. These variables are instantiated when the class is
 loaded. Instance variables can be accessed from inside any method,
constructor or blocks of that particular class.

 Class variables: Class variables are variables declared within a class,

outside any method, with the static keyword.

A class can have any number of methods to access the value of various kinds of methods.
In the above example, mark(), rank () are methods. Below mentioned are some of the
important topics that need to be discussed when looking into classes of the Java
Language.
4.3.2.1 Constructors
 When discussing about classes, one of the most important subtopic would be
constructors. Every class has a constructor. If a constructor is not explicitly
written for a class the Java compiler builds a default constructor for that class.
 Each time a new object is created, at least one constructor will be invoked. The
main rule of constructors is that they should have the same name as the class. A
class can have more than one constructor.
4.3.2.2 Singleton classes
 The Singleton's purpose is to control object creation, limiting the number of
objects to one only. Since there is only one Singleton instance, any instance fields
of a Singleton will occur only once per class, just like static fields. Singletons
often control access to resources such as database connections or sockets.
 For example, if we have a license for only one connection for our database or our
JDBC driver has trouble with multithreading, the Singleton makes sure that only
one connection is made or that only one thread can access the connection at a
time.
4.3.2.3 Creating an object
As mentioned previously, a class provides the blueprints for objects. So basically an
object is created from a class. In Java the new keyword is used to create new objects.
There are three steps when creating an object from a class:
Declaration: A variable declaration with a variable name with an object type.

Instantiation: The 'new' keyword is used to create the object.

Initialization: The 'new' keyword is followed by a call to a constructor. This call

initializes the new object.

4.3.3 Java – Polymorphism

Polymorphism is the ability of an object to take on many forms. The most common
use of polymorphism in OOP occurs when a parent class reference is used to refer to
a child class object. Any Java object that can pass more than one IS-A test is
considered to be polymorphic. In Java, all Java objects are polymorphic since any
object will pass the IS-A test for their own type and for the class Object. It is
important to know that the only possible way to access an object is through a
referencevariable. A reference variable can be of only one type. Once declared, the
type of a reference variable cannot be changed. The reference variable can be
reassigned to other objects provided that it is not declared final. The type of the
reference variable would determine the methods that it can invoke on the object. A
reference variable can refer to any object of its declared type or any subtype of its
declared type. A reference variable can be declared as a class or interface type.

4.3.4 Java – Inheritance

Inheritance can be defined as the process where one class acquires the properties
(methods and fields) of another. With the use of inheritance the information is made
manageable in a hierarchical order. The class which inherits the properties of other is
known as subclass (derived class, child class) and the class whose properties are
inherited is known as superclass (base class, parent class). extends is the keyword
used to inherit the properties of a class The Superclass reference variable can hold the
subclass object, but using that variable you can access only the members of the
superclass, so to access the members of both classes it is recommended to always
create reference variable to the subclass. A subclass inherits all the members (fields,
methods, and nested classes) from its superclass. Constructors are not members, so
they are not inherited by subclasses, but the constructor of the superclass can be
invoked from the subclass.

4.3.5 Java – Encapsulation

Encapsulation is one of the four fundamental OOP concepts. The other three are
inheritance, polymorphism, and abstraction. Encapsulation in Java is a mechanism of
wrapping the data (variables) and code acting on the data (methods) together as a
single unit. In encapsulation, the variables of a class will be hidden from other
classes, and can be accessed only through the methods of their current class.
Therefore, it is also known as data hiding. To achieve encapsulation in Java:
Declare the variables of a class as private.
Provide public setter and getter methods to modify and view the variables values.
Benefits of Encapsulation
The fields of a class can be made read-only or write-only.
A class can have total control over what is stored in its fields.
The users of a class do not know how the class stores its data. A class can change
the data type of a field and users of the class do not need to change any of their code

4.3.6 Java – Abstraction

As per dictionary, abstraction is the quality of dealing with ideas rather than events.
For example, when you consider the case of e-mail, complex details such as what
happens as soon as you send an e-mail, the protocol your e-mail server uses are
hidden from the user. Therefore, to send an e-mail you just need to type the content,
mention the address of the receiver, and click send. Likewise in Object-oriented
programming, abstraction is a process of hiding the implementation details from the
user, only the functionality will be provided to the user. In other words, the user will
have the information on what the object does instead of how it does it. In Java,
abstraction is achieved using Abstract classes and interfaces.

4.3.7 Java Identifiers

All Java components require names. Names used for classes, variables, and methods
are called identifiers. In Java, there are several points to remember about identifiers.
They are as follows:
All identifiers should begin with a letter (A to Z or a to z), currency character ($) or
an underscore (_).
After the first character, identifiers can have any combination of characters.
A key word cannot be used as an identifier.
Most importantly, identifiers are case sensitive.

4.3.8 Java Modifiers

Like other languages, it is possible to modify classes, methods, etc., by using
modifiers.
There are two categories of modifiers:
Access Modifiers: default, public , protected, private
Non-access Modifiers: final, abstract, strictfp We will be looking into more details
about modifiers in the next section.

4.3.9 Java Variables

Following are the types of variables in Java:
Local Variables
Class Variables (Static Variables)
Instance Variables (Non-static Variables)

4.3.10 Java Enums

Enums were introduced in Java 5.0. Enums restrict a variable to have one of only a
few predefined values. The values in this enumerated list are called enums. With the
use of enums it is possible to reduce the number of bugs in our code. For example, if
we consider an application for a fresh juice shop, it would be possible to restrict the
glass size to small, medium, and large. This would make sure that it would not allow
anyone to order any size other than small, medium, or large.
4.3.11 Java – Overriding
The benefit of overriding is: ability to define a behaviour that's specific to the
subclass type, which means a subclass can implement a parent class method based on
its requirement. In object-oriented terms, overriding means to override the
functionality of an existing method
Rules for Method Overriding
The argument list should be exactly the same as that of the overridden method.
The return type should be the same or a subtype of the return type declared in the
original overridden method in the superclass.
The access level cannot be more restrictive than the overridden method's access
level. For example: If the superclass method is declared public then the overriding
method in the sub lass cannot be either private or protected.
Instance methods can be overridden only if they are inherited by the subclass.
A method declared final cannot be overridden.
A method declared static cannot be overridden but can be re-declared.
If a method cannot be inherited, then it cannot be overridden.
A subclass within the same package as the instance's superclass can override
any superclass method that is not declared private or final.
A subclass in a different package can only override the non-final methods declared
public or protected.
An overriding method can throw any uncheck exceptions, regardless of whether the
overridden method throws exceptions or not. However, the overriding method should
not throw checked exceptions that are new or broader than the ones declared by the
overridden method. The overriding method can throw narrower or fewer exceptions
than the overridden method.
Constructors cannot be overridden.

4.3.12 Abstract Class

A class which contains the abstract keyword in its declaration is known as abstract
class.Abstract classes may or may not contain abstract methods, i.e., methods without
body.
if a class has at least one abstract method, then the class must be declared abstract.
If a class is declared abstract, it cannot be instantiated.
To use an abstract class, you have to inherit it from another class, provide
implementations to the abstract methods in it.
If you inherit an abstract class, you have to provide implementations to all the
abstract methods in it.

4.3.13 Java – Interfaces

An interface is a reference type in Java. It is similar to class. It is a collection of
abstract methods. A class implements an interface, thereby inheriting the abstract
methods of the interface. Along with abstract methods, an interface may also contain
constants, default methods, static methods, and nested types. Method bodies exist
only for default methods and static methods. Writing an interface is similar to writing
a class. But a class describes the attributes and behaviors of an object. And an
interface contains behaviors that a class implements. Unless the class that implements
the interface is abstract, all the methods of the interface need to be defined in the
class.
An interface is similar to a class in the following ways:
An interface can contain any number of methods.
An interface is written in a file with a .java extension, with the name of the
interface
matching the name of the file.
The byte code of an interface appears in a .class file.
Interfaces appear in packages, and their corresponding bytecode file must be in a
directory structure that matches the package name. However, an interface is different
from a class in several ways, including:
You cannot instantiate an interface.
An interface does not contain any constructors.
All of the methods in an interface are abstract.
An interface cannot contain instance fields. The only fields that can appear in an
interface must be declared both static and final.
An interface is not extended by a class; it is implemented by a class.
An interface can extend multiple interfaces.

4.3.14 Java – Packages

Packages are used in Java in order to prevent naming conflicts, to control access, to
make searching/locating and usage of classes, interfaces, enumerations and
annotations easier, etc. A Package can be defined as a grouping of related types
(classes, interfaces, enumerations and annotations ) providing access protection and
namespace management.
Some of the existing packages in Java are:
java.lang - bundles the fundamental classes
java.io - classes for input, output functions are bundled in this package
Programmers can define their own packages to bundle group of classes/interfaces,
etc. It is a good practice to group related classes implemented by you so that a
programmer can easily determine that the classes, interfaces, enumerations, and
annotations are related. Since the package creates a new namespace there won't be
any name conflicts with names in other packages. Using packages, it is easier to
provide access control and it is also easier to locate the related classes.
Creating a Package
While creating a package, you should choose a name for the package and include a
package statement along with that name at the top of every source file that contains
the classes, interfaces, enumerations, and annotation types that you want to include in
the package. The package statement should be the first line in the source file. There
can be only one package statement in each source file, and it applies to all types in the
file. If a package statement is not used then the class, interfaces, enumerations, and
annotation types will be placed in the current default package.

4.4 ENVIRONMENT SETUP

It is important that the Java environment is correctly set up. Java SE is freely available
for download. So download a version based on the operating system. Follow the
instructions to download Java and run the .exe to install Java on the machine. Once Java
is installed on the machine, environment is needed to be set variables to point to correct
installation directories:
4.4.1 SETTING UP THE PATH FOR WINDOWS 2000 AND LATER
Assuming that Java is installed in c:\Program Files\java\jdk directory:
Right-click on 'My Computer' (‘Computer’ or ‘This PC’) and select 'Properties'.

Click on the 'Environment variables' button under the 'Advanced' tab.

Now, alter the 'Path' variable so that it also contains the path to the Java executable.
Example, if the path is currently set to 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32', then change the
path to read 'C:\WINDOWS\SYSTEM32;c:\Program Files\java\jdk\bin'.

4.4.2 SETTING UP THE PATH FOR WINDOWS 95/98/ME

Assuming that Java is installed in c:\Program Files\java\jdk directory. Edit the
'C:\autoexec.bat' file and add the following line at the end: 'SET PATH=%PATH%;
C:\Program Files\java\jdk\bin'.
4.4.3 SETTING UP THE PATH FOR LINUX, UNIX, SOLARIS, FREEBSD
Environment variable PATH should be set to point to where the Java binaries have been
installed. Refer to the shell documentation if there is trouble doing this. Example, if bash
is used as the shell, then the user would add the following line to the end of '.bashrc:
export PATH=/path/to/java:$PATH'
Notepad: On Windows machine, user can use any simple text editor like Notepad or
TextPad
Netbeans:Is a Java IDE that is open-source and free.
Eclipse: Is also a Java IDE developed by the eclipse open-source community.

4.4.4 SETTING UP NETBEANS IDE

The Java SE Development Kit (JDK) 7 Update 10 (or later) or JDK 8 is required to install
NetBeans IDE.
To install the software:
1. After the download completes, run the installer.

 For Windows, the installer executable file has the .exe extension. Doubleclick the
installer file to run it.

 For Linux platforms, the installer file has the .sh extension. For these platforms,
the user is needed to make the installer files executable by using the following
command: chmod +x <installer-file-name>.Type ./<installed-file-name> to run
the installer.
2. If the All or Java EE bundle is downloaded, user can customize the installation.
Perform the following steps at the Welcome page of the installation wizard:
 Click Customize.

 In the Customize Installation dialog box, make the selections.

 Click OK.
3. At the Welcome page of the installation wizard, click Next.

4. At the License agreement page, review the license agreement, click the acceptance
check box, and click Next.

5. At the NetBeans IDE installation page, do the following:

 Accept the default installation directory for the NetBeans IDE or specify another
directory.
  (Applicable only to All or Java EE bundle) Accept the default JDK installation to
use with the NetBeans IDE or select a different installatioon from the dropdown
list. If the installation wizard did not find a compatible JDK installation to use
with the NetBeans IDE, the JDK is not installed in the default location. In this
case, specify the path to an installed JDK and click Next or cancel the
installation. After installing the required JDK version restart the installation.
6. If the GlassFish Server Open Source Edition 4.1.1 installation page opens, accept the
installation directory or specify another installation location.

7. If Apache Tomcat is being installed, on its installation page, accept the default
installation directory or specify another installation location. Click Next.

8. At the Summary page, do the following:

 Verify that the list of components to be installed is correct.

 Select the Check for Updates check box to check the Update Center for possible
updates.

 Verify that adequate space is available on the system for the installation.
9. Click Install to begin the installation.

10. At the Setup Complete page, provide anonymous usage data if desired, and click
Finish.
4.5 FIRST JAVA PROGRAM
A simple code that would print the words Hello World is given.

public class MyFirstJavaProgram{

/* This is my first java program.
* This will print 'Hello World' as the output
*/
public static void main(String[]args){
System.out.println("Hello World");// prints Hello World
}
}
Follow the steps given below to save, compile and run the file:
Open notepad and add the code as above.

Save the file as: MyFirstJavaProgram.java.

Open a command prompt window and go o the directory where the class is saved.
Assume it's C:\.
Type ' javac MyFirstJavaProgram.java ' and press enter to compile the code. If there
are no errors in the code, the command prompt will take to the next line(Assumption :
The path variable is set).

Now, type ' java MyFirstJavaProgram ' to run the program.

' Hello World ' is printed on the window.

5.1. SIMPLE JAVA PROJECT IN NETBEANS IDE

To create an IDE project:

1. Start NetBeans IDE.

2. In the IDE, choose File > New Project, as shown in the figure below.

Fig.5.1. Starting a new project

3. In the New Project wizard, expand the Java category and select Java Application as
shown in the figure below. Then click Next.
4. In the Name and Location page of the wizard, do the following (as shown in the figure
below):
In the Project Name field, type HelloWorldApp.
Leave the Use Dedicated Folder for Storing Libraries checkbox unselected.

In the Create Main Class field, type helloworldapp.HelloWorldApp.

Fig.5.2. Selecting ‘Java Application’

Fig.5.3. Naming the project
5. Click Finish.

The project is created and opened in the IDE. One can see the following components:
The Projects window, which contains a tree view of the components of the project,
including source files, libraries that the code depends on, and so on.
The Source Editor window with a file called HelloWorldApp open.

The Navigator window, which the user can use to quickly navigate between elements
within the selected class.

5.2. ADDING CODE TO THE GENERATED SOURCE FILE

Because the Create Main Class checkbox is left selected in the New Project wizard, the
IDE has created a skeleton main class. The user can add the "Hello World!" message to
the skeleton code by replacing the line:
// TODO code application logic here
with the line:
System.out.println("Hello World!");
Save the change by choosing File > Save.
The file should look something like the following code sample.
/*
* To change this template, choose Tools |
Templates
* and open the template in the editor.
*/
package helloworldapp;
/**
*
* @author <programmer’s name>
*/
public class HelloWorldApp {
/**
* @param args the command line arguments
*/
public static void main(String[] args) {
System.out.println("Hello World!");
}
}
5.3. COMPILING AND RUNNING THE PROGRAM
Because of the IDE's Compile on Save feature, there is no need to manually compile the
project in order to run it in the IDE. When a Java source file is saved, the IDE
automatically compiles it. The Compile on Save feature can be turned off in the Project
Properties window. Right-click on project, select Properties. In the Properties window,
choose the Compiling tab. The Compile on Save checkbox is right at the top. Note that in
the Project Properties window one can configure numerous settings for the project:
project libraries, packaging, building, running, etc.

To run the program:

Choose Run > Run Project.

The next figure shows what one should now see.

Fig.5.5. Running the
If there are compilation errors, they are marked with red glyphs in the left and right
margins of the Source Editor. The glyphs in the left margin indicate errors for the
corresponding lines. The glyphs in the right margin show all of the areas of the file that
have errors, including errors in lines that are not visible. User can mouse over an error
mark to get a description of the error. One can click a glyph in the right margin to jump to
the line with the error.
5.4. BUILDING AND DEPLOYING APPLICATION
Once the application is written and test run, the Clean and Build command can be used to
build the application for deployment. When the Clean and Build command is used, the
IDE runs a build script that performs the following tasks:
Deletes any previously compiled files and other build outputs.

Recompiles the application and builds a JAR file containing the compiled files.

To build the application:

Choose Run > Clean and Build Project.

The users can view the build outputs by opening the Files window and expanding the
HelloWorldApp node. The compiled bytecode file HelloWorldApp.class is within
thebuild/classes/helloworldapp subnode. A deployable JAR file that contains the
HelloWorldApp.class is within the dist node.
Fig.5.6. Files in a Java project
4.5 Conclusion
The activities that I undertook added more value to my career and I was exposed to a
lot of knowledge which will help me succeed in the field of Information Technology,
most especially in the section of java application because I explored a lot relating to it
and I was able to identify the areas that I need more improvement to become a better
IT specialist. Generally this Industrial Training was so educative and I can
confidently say that I academically and socially benefited from it.
 CHAPTER 5
DISCUSSION OF EXPERIENCE
5.1 Introduction
This chapter explains the experience I gained during my Internship at Atees Industrial
Training. Before getting started I was so eager to have hands on my experience within
the Computer science discipline and the period I spent at Atees gave me an
opportunity not only to gain the hands on experience to boost my technical skills but
also the non-technical skills which are very vital in a work environment. Industrial
Training somehow made me realize the tasks, difficulties and problems that are faced
in the real work environment; this gave me a direction to which every student
pursuing an CS career should follow.

5.2 Technical Experience

5.2.1 Program Development
When I interacted with the employee at AIT, I was going to develop java program. I
acquired more innovative ideas of program development using JDK. I think the
knowledge that was acquired during Industrial Training will definitely help in my
career.

5.2.2 Recruiting Activities

Training at Atess guarantees a professional platform that nourishes the real
professional in you, with high level of practical dexterity and emotional quotient.
AIT, the industrial training division of Atees works in enriching the knowledge base
of the graduates and aspirants who are keen to delivering their best in current
competitive industries. AIT is a conscious effort by Atees to kindle the professionals
to be better equipped, by its specific training packages. Here recruitment is done
through conducting test, interviews and measuring individual capabilities.
5.3 Non-Technical Experience
5.3.1 Interpersonal Skills
I gained a deeper understanding of the interpersonal skills needed in the work place
so as to keep a good relationship with the bosses and other employees. Some of the
things expected to do include the following:
1. Team Work.
2. Respect one another and show courtesy to colleagues, seniors and juniors because
each individual in a work place has different skills which may be needed to
compliment your personal efforts.
3. Provide exceptional services to end users so as to satisfy their expectations, this
will build a strong relationship between you and the end users.
5.3.2 Time Management Skills
I improved on my time management skills as I was assigned goal-relevant tasks. So
there was need to rank them, allocate time, prepare and follow schedules. For
example there was always the need to budget time appropriately so as to be able to
participate in the different tasks that are assigned to me during the same time of
allocation of a different task.
5.3.3 Self-Management Skills
My guide at Atees in most cases would just assign tasks and check on us like after
one day to see how far I had gone in accomplishing the tasks. This improved my
skills of self-drive hence working without supervision, I had to frequently access
myself, set personal goals, and monitor progress within a given period.
Work effectively:
I want to learn how to work effectively. I have achieved this halfway my internship
by working and using a to-do list. The to-do-list existed of work that needed to be
done first and had more priority than other daily tasks.
Work precisely:
I want to work more precisely. At the beginning of my internship, I noticed that there
are lots of mistakes found in my work. Mistakes in spelling and grammar but also in
delivering work that is not finished. Halfway my internship, I have improved in this
area by reading, listening and focussing better on my work.
Improve my communication:
I want to improve my communication skills. At the beginning of my internship, I
realized that I didn’t communicate often. This is because I was at the time unsecure
about my English. Halfway my internship I have improved this by communicating
more with the interns that I have worked with and talking to them about all kind of
different subjects.
More initiative:
I want to show more initiative during internships. At the beginning I had trouble
getting involved in the event planning process. This is because I wasn’t aware of how
the process was conducted and I didn’t have all the background information of it.
Halfway my internship I have improved in this area by getting more aware on how
the event process is conducted. In this field of computer science, self-management
refers to the process by which computer science will (one day) manage their own
operation without human intervention. Self-Management technologies are expected to
pervade the next generation of network management systems.
 CHAPTER 6
CONCLUSION

This chapter summarizes the internship report giving a general overview of the entire
internship program and also points out some recommendations on how the internship
program should be conducted. My internship have been very instructive for me. AIT
has offered me opportunities to learn and develop myself in many areas. I gained a lot
of experience, especially in the Java field. A lot of the tasks and activities that I have
worked on during my internship are familiar with what I’m studying at the moment. I
worked in many areas where I did different work. This gave me the chance to find out
which areas I want work in after my education. The area that I found most interesting
is communication and programming.

Before my internship started my ideas did not match the experiences have gained
during my internship. There is a big difference in the college projects and the tasks
and activities during the actual work. In college I learn how to describe the work in
projects, where in work i learn how to implement them in reality. This internship was
definitely an introduction to the actual work field for me. I have learned to work in a
business organization and apply my knowledge into practice. I learned a lot from the
different interns that I have been working with during my internship. Each intern had
a different educational background and that made it interesting for me. By working
with them I got to learn from them and become aware educational background.

I have also learned a lot from my guide during my internship. He has also lots of
knowledge in the working areas. He was very helpful and always willing to give me
advice and feedback which I appreciate. I have tried to learn as much as possible from
him and the interns during my internship. The conversation with the guide is also an
important learning moment for me during my internship. He had always time to
answer all my questions concerning my internship. And as a teacher, he also helped
me a lot by giving me feedback on how to use my skills. I appreciate all the advice he
gave me during my internship. I had fun following my internship at AIT. I learned a
lot about the different areas. I also become stronger in my own skills. Interning at
AIT was definitely a learning experience. This internship was definitely beneficial for
me and I’m grateful and thankful that I got to experience and learn many things.

I also acquired non-technical skills which made me realise that at work, it’s not only
the technical skills which matter but also the non-technical are very important.
However the most significant part of my Industrial training is that I was able to
experience a variety of activities associated to my career. The fact that I was able to
apply my theoretical knowledge to accomplish practical tasks was extremely
advantageous in terms of my professional development. An internship can be a really
useful addition to your resume. If done right, you will gain valuable experience, great
references and plenty of knowledge about the industry.

6.1 Recommendations
The current schedule of Industrial Training, kind of limits some students to acquire
more knowledge. Some organizations train students basing on what they have
covered in their lectures so in my opinion, this program needs to be carried out either
at the end of the second year of study or at the end of the third year of study when the
students has acquired most of the knowledge relating to the course. Also, it would be
of great assistance if the university partnered with several companies or organizations
that can take on students for internship placements.
AIT is a great learning company for interns. It is a company that helps interns
improves and develops their skills. I would recommend AIT to keep hiring interns
with different educational background, to help build and improve the company with
the knowledge they gained from their studies.
REFERENCE
1.Herbert Schildt, “Complete Reference Java Paperback (English)”, 7th Edition, Penguin
Books India, 2006.
2.Yashvanth Kanetkar, “Let Us Java”, 1st Edition, BPB Publications.
3. tutorialspoint.com, “Java Tutorial”
4. Wielenga and Geertjan, “Beginning Netbeans Ide: For Java Developers”, Apress
5.http://www.google.co.in

6.http://www.w3schools.co.in