Solution-3677 Water Conservation & Management Assignment 2

Department of Home & Health Sciences
Block No. 06, Sector H-8,

Allama Iqbal Open University, Islamabad.
Water Conservation & Management (3677)

(Industrial Wastewater Recycling Study, Gujranwala)
Assignment No. 02
Submitted to:
Sir Muhammad Abid
Water Resource Specialist
18-B, Jinnah Town,
Quetta, (0333-4712975, 081-2870705)
Email: abidakrsp@yahoo.com
Submitted by:
Muhammad Hammad Manzoor
2nd Semester, Roll No. BN-523998
M. Sc Sustainable Environmental Design
OGIL, # 514, 5th Floor, Continental Trade Centre (CTC)
Block – 08, Clifton, KARACHI
explorationist@gmail.com / (0332-527 2364)
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT
All praises to Almighty Allah, the creator of the Universe who blessed me with the
knowledge and enabled me to complete this research. I feel great pleasure and honor to
express my sincere gratitude and heartfelt thanks to my mentor and honorable Sir. Abid
(AIOU Faulty Member), for his guidance, encouragement and friendly attitude during the
semester.
I specially acknowledge the efforts of all the teachers and management of the AIOU for their
support and advice. I pay my thanks to all the Management Staff & Regional Director of the
AIOU Campus Karachi, for their kind support.
I wish to thank Mr. Rehan Farooqi, Mr. Waqas Ali Naqvi, Mr. Zia ul Haq, Mr. Anjum Taj, and
other M.Sc Sus. Env. Design Class Fellows for valuable discussions and knowledge
sharing (including data sharing) during the compilation of this assignment.
I further wish to record my thanks especially Mr. Saquib Ijaz (Manager, EMC) for sharing his
knowledge, experience to conduct this study.
M. Hammad Manzoor
2
By: M. Hammad Manzoor, M.Sc Sus. Env. Design, 514, 5th Floor, Continental Trade Centre (CTC), Clifton – 08, Karachi. (Roll No. BN-523998)
CONTENT LIST
S. NO TOPIC / DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1 INTRODUCTION / SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE ISSUE 4
DISCUSSED
2 OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY 8
3 METHODOLOGY 9
4 LITERATURE REVIEW 10
5 CONCLUSIONS OF THE STUDY 19
6 RECOMMENDATIONS 19
7 REFERENCES & RESEARCHES CITED 20
3
1. INTRODUCTION / SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE ISSUE DISCUSSED:
We have been assigned by Department of Home & Health Sciences to Search out at least
one case of waste-water recycling during last 5 years in Gujranwala at industrial scale.
What was the main objective of initiating the waste water recycling in the selected cases?
How the objectives were achieved? Is there any improvement in the demand and supply of
that particular facility? In addition discuss the roles played by Government, propose suitable
solutions to handle the water demand in future.
In fact, Awareness is the ability to directly know and perceive, to feel, or to be cognizant of
events. More broadly, it is the state of being conscious of something.
Wastewater is regarded as a combination of one or more of: domestic effluent consisting of

blackwater (excreta, urine and sludge) and greywater (used water from washing and
bathing); water from commercial establishments and institutions, including hospitals;
industrial effluent, stormwater and other urban runoff; and agricultural, horticultural and
aquaculture runoff (Raschid-Sally and Jayakody, 2008, p. 1, Ref. 1)
GLOBAL WASTE WATER-RECYCLE PERSPECTIVE:

Most human activities that use water produce wastewater. As the overall demand for water
grows, the quantity of wastewater produced and its overall pollution load are continuously
increasing worldwide.
On average, high-income countries treat about 70% of the municipal and industrial
wastewater they generate. That ratio drops to 38% in upper middle-income
countries and to 28% in lower middle-income countries. In low-income countries,
only 8% undergoes treatment of any kind. These estimates support the often-
cited approximation that, globally, over 80% of all wastewater is discharged
without treatment (2017 UN World Water Development Report, Wastewater: The
Untapped Resource, Ref. 2)
PAKISTAN WASTE WATER-RECYCLE PERSPECTIVE:

Pakistan with a geographical area of 796,101 square kilometers possesses large river like
Indus, which along with its tributaries namely Chenab, Jhelum, Ravi, Kabul and Sutlej,
forms one of the mightiest river systems of the world. The River System comprises 3 super
storages/reservoirs (Tarbela and Chashma on River Indus and Mangla on River Jhelum
with present total live storage of about 11.818 MAF), 19 large river Head-works/Barrages,
45 independent irrigation canal commands measuring 63,000 kilometers, some 1.6 million
kilometers of water courses and 144 large dams. The total length of main canals alone is
58,500 km. Watercourses comprises another 1,621,000 kms. Diversion of river waters into
off-taking canals is made through barrages, which are gated diversion weirs and a system
of link canals (Figure -1). Water use pattern in Pakistan is 95% for agriculture sector, 3% for
drinking & sanitation sectors besides 2% for the industry.
4
• Population (Million) 212

• Population Density
(People Per Sq. KM) 245
• GDP, Per Capita (US$) 1,629
• GDP Per Capita PPP (US$) 5,040
• GDP (Billion US$) 270
• CO2 emissions (metric tones per capita)
0.85
• Fossil fuel energy consumption (% of
total) 60.08
• Renewable energy consumption (% of
total final energy consumption)
45.49
Waste Water Production in Pakistan:

Total discharge of wastewater for 14 major cities of Pakistan, computed on the basis of
1998 population census, is about 1.83 × 107m3h−1 (FAO, 2002). Latest estimates reveal
(PWSS, 2002 & Table 1) that total quantity of wastewater produced in Pakistan is 962,335
million gallons (4.369 x 10 9 m3/yr) including 674,009 million gallons (3.060 x 109m3/yr; a
figure of 5.54 x 109m3/yr for the year 2011) from municipal and 288,326 million gallons
(1.309 x 109m3/yr) from industrial use.
Table. 1
5
In Pakistan, domestic waste containing household effluent and human waste is either
discharged directly to a sewer system, a natural drain or water body, a nearby field or an
internal septic tank. Normally, municipal wastewater is not subjected to any treatment and
none of the cities have any biological treatment process except Islamabad and Karachi, and
even these cities treat only a small proportion of their wastewater before disposal.
Assuming that all the installed treatment plants are working at their full installed capacity, it
is estimated that about 8% of urban wastewater is probably treated in municipal treatment
plants (Table 2).
6
GUJRANWALA WASTE WATER-RECYCLE PERSPECTIVE:

Gujranwala is an industrial city in Gujranwala District, Punjab Province of Pakistan. It is the
fourth most populous metropolitan areas in Pakistan, and is one of the fastest growing cities
in the world. Gujranwala is 226 meters (744 ft) above sea level. It shares borders with
Ghakhar Mandi, Alipur Chatha, Kamonke and several small towns and villages.
About 80 kilometers (50 miles) south is the provincial capital, Lahore, Sialkot and Gujrat lies
to its north. The city has many commercial and industrial centers. Anthropogenic activities
in society generate large quantities of wastes posing a problem for their disposal. Improper
disposal leads to spreading of diseases and unhygienic condition besides spoiling the
aesthetics.
Municipal solid waste management has emerged as one of the greatest challenges facing
environmental protection agencies in Gujranwala. Many factors including uncontrolled
population, institutional weaknesses, urbanization, lack of resources lack of civic sense
towards solid waste disposal have contributed to inadequate Solid Waste Management
(hereinafter referred to as “SWM”) in Punjab. Gujranwala City was identified as the highest
priority among the cities (Faisalabad, Gujranwala, Lahore, Multan, Rawalpindi, Sargodha
and Sialkot) surveyed by the Japan International Cooperation Agency (hereinafter referred
to as “JICA”) in 2009 regarding SWM
7
2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:
The objectives of the study were as follows;
1- To study One case of waste-water recycling on Industrial scale.
2- To evaluate the achievements, success / failure
3- To determine the achievement of waste water re-cycling
4- To determine the improvement in demand / supply of waste water recycling in

industrial scale
5- To evaluate the role played by the Govt for water recycling in industrial side.
8
3. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THIS STUDY:
Methodology:
The theme of the methodology was to use different approaches and tools along with
utilization of different data collection methodology to the study more beneficial.
Data Collection:
Two data collection techniques have been used in this study. The technique includes;
1. Primary Data Collection

2. Secondary Data Collection
Primary Data Collection:

Primary data could not be collected by the researcher physically due to non-availability of
ample time and vast scale of the study of this assignment.
Secondary Data Collection:

Numerous secondary data collection methods have been used to complete this study which
is as follows;
1. Interaction with Environmental Specialist:

A Telephonic interaction has been made with Manager, Environmental Management
Consults (EMC – Ref-3), Karachi. Telephonic discussion includes the waste water
treatment strategies in Gujranwala, so that study could be more conclusive and
fruitful.
2. International renowned reports:

Different international reports have been brought into consideration to review and
consider the international standards and methodologies used by developed
countries. The reports include;
 2017 UN World Water Development Report (Ref. 2)
 Special Report: Pakistan's Waters at Risk; Water & Health Related Issues in
Pakistan & Key Recommendations by WWF (Ref. 4)
 Water Security in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges by UNDP (Ref. 5)
3. National Renowned Reports:

Different National reports have been reviewed and considered to study the local
scenarios w.r.t international publications.
4. Research Papers:
Different research papers from National & International authors have been also
studied to convene this study.
5. Government Policies:
Government Policies were also bring into consideration as data source to analyze
that which policies have been designed by the Government to handle the water
issues.
9
6. Rules & Regulations:

Different rules have been reviewed (Pakistan Environmental Protection Agency,
PEPA,1997, EIA/IEE, 2014 rules by SEPA etc)
4. LITERATURE REVIEW
The following two (02) research publications have been brought into consideration with
respect to national and global perspective;
1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF

MANAGING BODIES IN CONTEXT OF KARACHI (Ref. 6)
By Fabiha Khalid, Madiha Wasim, M. Tahir Qadri
Published on Journal of Information & Communication Technology - JICT Vol. 11 Issue. 1
The purpose of this paper was to discuss the relation between the industrial policies,
Industrial pollution and its environmental impact, the contribution of local managing bodies
in developing the standards of management of industrial effluent. Recommendations for
policy measures to reduced environmental impacts and the possibilities of Waste water
Treatment as an Industry is addressed in this paper.
2. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT IN DISTRICT GUJRANWALA OF

PAKISTAN- CURRENT STATUS AND FUTURE SUGGESTIONS (Ref. 7)
By Abdul Nasir, Ch Arslan, Muhammad Azam Khan, Nabeel Nazir, Usman Khalid Awan,
Muhammad Azhar Ali and Umar Waqas Liaqat
Published in: Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 49(1), 79-85; 2012 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN
(Online) 2076-0906
The purpose of this paper has been worked out to assess the quality of industrial effluents
in district Gujranwala Pakistan where industrial wastewater is causing serious threat to
environment. Ten parameters were chosen to assess the water quality of industrial
wastewater namely chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD),
total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH,
turbidity, electric conductivity (EC), carbonates (CO3 -1) and bicarbonates (HCO3 -1).
10
CASE STUDY
INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT IN DISTRICT
GUJRANWALA OF PAKISTAN;
Municipal effluents are one of the major reasons for rapidly degrading environment in the
metropolitans of developing countries lacking in wastewater treatment facilities. The
industrial activities have already caused substantial air and water pollution leading to
adverse effect on the vegetation as well as to the human beings and aquatic life (Mubin et
al., 2002). The quality of water can be assessed by chemical analyses using the
parameters like conductivity, alkalinity, hardness, total dissolved solids, chlorides as well as
dissolved oxygen (Makia et al., 1999).
Disposal of the untreated wastewater into drains and ultimately into the rivers, deteriorate
the water quality and harms aquatic life. Khurshid et al. (1999) reported that due to
discharge of the untreated effluents from industries, the dissolved oxygen (DO) level is
decreasing whereas biological oxygen demand (BOD) and total dissolved solids (TDS) are
increasing in the river Ravi.
The use of industrial and municipal wastewater in agriculture is a common practice in many
parts of the world (Sharma et al., 2007; Ahmad et al., 2010). Rough estimate indicates that
at least 20 million hectares in 50 countries are irrigated with raw or partially treated
wastewater (Scott et al., 2004). The major objectives of wastewater irrigation are that it
provides a reliable source of water supply to farmers and has the beneficial aspects of
adding valuable plant nutrients and organic matter to soil (Liu et al., 2005; Cheunbarn and
Peerapornpisal, 2010).
Wastewater effluent at least for irrigation use, could be a valuable source to augment this
dwindling water supply, and should not continue to be wasted. Reuse of wastewater effluent
could both decrease the disposal of water to the environment and reduce the demand on
fresh water supplies (Jasem et al., 2003).
Textile industries consume large volume of water and chemical for wet operation of textile.
The quantities and characteristics of effluent discharged vary from mill to mill depending on
the water use and the average daily product (Saha, 2007). One of the burning problems of
our industrial society is high consumption of water. Many approaches have been taken to
reduce water consumption, but better was to recycle wastewater into high quality water
(Schroder et al., 2007).
AIM OF THE STUDY:

The present study aims to assess the quality of industrial effluents in district Gujranwala
Pakistan where industrial wastewater is causing serious threat to environment. Ten
parameters were chosen to assess the water quality of industrial wastewater namely
chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended
solids (TSS), total dissolved solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity, electric
conductivity (EC), carbonates (CO3 -1) and bicarbonates (HCO3 -1). For example, BOD is
measured to estimate the organic strength of the wastewater. Wastewater with high organic
material and low DO may pose a risk to freshwater bodies by adversely impacting their
oxygen content and endangering aquatic species (fish etc.) that depend on higher oxygen
11
levels for their survival. Provide references that show these parameters to be effective in
evaluation wastewater and fro making recommendation of its treatment for recycling or
reuse.
Moreover, the use of wastewater for agriculture purpose without any treatment is affecting
the health of the human beings as well as deteriorating the groundwater quality. The water
is directly pumped out from the drains and being used in the fields for growing vegetables
and field crops. The present study would help assessing the wastewater quality status in
order to develop data base for of the competent authorities and its incorporation into
developmental plans for treatment and / or safe disposal of Gujranwala wastewaters.
MATERIALS & METHODS:
Study Area:
Study was conducted in district Gujranwala of Pakistan which is situated in the Punjab
province of Pakistan (Fig. 1). The population of the region is 3,401,000
(http://www.pportal.punjab.gov.pk/portal/portal/mediatype/html). Due to its extensive road
and rail links, the region has flourished with manufacturing and agricultural markets. The
city of Gujranwala also has set up several commercial and industrial centers allowing the
Manufacturing of ceramics, iron safes, metal utensils, textiles, steel, sanitary and tannery
production. Main crops in the region are sugarcane, melons, rice and grains for
international export. People grow vegetables by using effluent drained in to ditches near
fields and because the drain water is easily accessible to the farmers.
Figure 1. Location of study area in district Gujranwala of Pakistan
12
Sampling Strategy:
A sampling plan was prepared to evaluate the results of water quality parameters of
industries in the study region. Random samples were taken from twenty industries in the
city situated at different places. The randomly selected industries were ghee industries,
ceramic industries, flour mills, leather industries and textile industries. The designation
samples numbers for these industries presented in Table 1.
Wastewater samples were collected 500 ml size microbiological examination bottles. Then
each of the samples was tested against 10 parameters including chemical oxygen demand
(COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), total suspended solids (TSS), total dissolved
solids (TDS), dissolved oxygen (DO), pH, turbidity, electric conductivity (EC), carbonates
(CO3 -1) and bicarbonates (HCO3 -1).
Table 1. Type of selected industries and their designation sample number
These Industrial wastewater samples were collected from the outlets that represented
effluent from all sources of wastewater in each industrial operation. After taking samples,
the bottles were tightened properly to protect from any type of leakage.
Storage of the samples was done by cooling to near freezing temperature during storages,
even then holding time was kept to minimum. The samples were chilled to 20oC before
analysis.
For the samples, the industries were selected randomly to get accurate results. There is no
systematic system for the disposal of industrial effluent in drain water which is later on used
for agricultural purposes.
For wastewater quality parameters, different equipment can be used to find different
parameters. We used a Fenway Meter for finding the dissolved oxygen and pH.
To find the Electric Conductivity and Total Dissolved Solids, the equipment used was Hanna
Meter.
A Lovi Bond Meter was used to find the Chemical Oxygen Demand. Carbonates and
Bicarbonates were found by titration method (Koca et al., 2011).
The values of Total Suspended Solids were detected using Filtration Method. Turbidity was
found by using Turbidity Meter and Biochemical Oxygen Demand was found by using the 5-
Day BOD test.
13
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

After a laboratory analyses of various samples and careful examination of the data, results
are being reported for retrieving useful information. Results are outlined to quantify and
evaluate the impact of untreated industrial effluents for different levels of wastewater quality.
Total suspended solids (TSS) and total dissolved solids (TDS): In National
Environmental Quality Standard (NEQS) Pakistan, the permissible value of total suspended
solids (TSS) for industrial water is 150mg/l as against the observed mean value of TSS of
577 mg/l from the industries and the it ranges from 385 to 820 mg/l (Fig. 2). The higher TSS
values are for leather industries i.e., S13, S14, S15 and S16.
Figure 2. Total suspended solids at different sampled industries
In fact, all of the observed values of TSS much higher than standards values suggesting a
poor quality of the wastewaters from the industries. In case of the TDS, the NEQS
standards of industrial effluent are 3500 mg/l. However, the TDS value of the leather
industry in study region is much higher than the set standards (Fig. 3). The mean value for
leather industry is 6303 mg/l. The value for all the industries ranges from 195 to 6537mg/l.
The least effected TDS among these samples were S1, S2, S3 and S4 all of these samples
were of industries. The moderate results for the values of TDS were from the Flour Mills i.e.,
S17, S18, S19 and S20.
Figure 3. Total dissolved solids at different sampled industries
14
Chemical oxygen demand (COD), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD) and dissolved
oxygen (DO): The standard values of dissolved oxygen (DO) is 2 mg/l. Results show that
DO value for all the industries falls between 0.2 mg/l to 2.5 mg/l (Fig. 4). The maximum
value for DO among all of the 20 samples was 1.8 mg/l for S13. The minimum value of DO
was 0.2 mg/l for S1.
Figure 4. Dissolved oxygen at different sampling industries
While in case of biochemical oxygen demand (BOD), the NEQS value should not exceed
80 mg/l for industrial wastewater. The mean value of BOD is 202 mg/l (Fig. 5). The
maximum value for BOD among all of the 20 samples is 301 mg/l for S7. The minimum
value of BOD is shown in the sample S3 which is 115 mg/l.
Figure 5. Biochemical oxygen demand at different sampling industries
The value of chemical oxygen demand (COD) for NEQS is 150 mg/l whereas the mean
value for COD in the study region is 430 mg/l (Fig. 6). The value for all the sampling points
ranges from 251 to 658 mg/l. The maximum value of COD among all of the 20 samples was
658 mg/l for sample S7. The minimum value of COD is for S3 is 132.
15
Figure 6. Chemical oxygen demand at different sampling industries
Turbidity, pH and electric conductivity (EC): The mean value for twenty samples of
industries for Turbidity is 180 FTU which ranges from 19 to 540 FTU (Fig. 7). The maximum
value of Turbidity among all of the 20 samples was 540 present in S7. The minimum value
of Turbidity is shown in the sample S3 which is 19.
Figure 7. Turbidity at different sampling industries
The NEQS for pH ranges from 6 to 9. From the Figure 8, it can be concluded that some of
the samples are slightly acidic. The sampling values vary from 5.63 to 8.8 mg/l. We found
the maximum value of pH among all of the 20 samples which is 8.8 mg/l in S13. The most
effected sample of pH was of S13, S12 and S8.
16
The mean value of EC was 2819 micro-s/cm (Fig. 9). The value of EC ranges from 285
micro-s/cm to 9950 micros/ cm. The minimum value of conductivity is shown in the sample
S2 which is 285 micro-s/cm. The highest values of EC were in leather industries.
Figure 9. Electrical conductivity at different sampling industries
Bicarbonates and Carbonates: The mean value for twenty samples of industries for
Bicarbonates is 435 mg/l. The value for all the sampling points ranges from 60 to 750 mg/l
(Fig. 10). The maximum value of Bicarbonates among all of the 20 samples was 750 mg/l
in S13. The minimum value of Bicarbonates is for sample S4 which is 60 mg/l.
Figure 10. Bicarbonates at different sampling industries
17
The mean value for twenty samples of industries for Carbonates is 49 mg/l (Fig. 11). Most
of the sampling points were observed carbonate nil. The maximum values were observed
370 and 210mg/l in textile and highest 390mg/l in S13, leather industry.
Figure 11. Carbonates at different sampling industries
18
5. CONCLUSIONS
The conclusions are based on the cases discussed above are as;
 Flour industry had minimal adverse impacts of wastewater releases
 The Ghee mills showed moderate effects that can be rectified and/or treated
within the factory premises through minor arrangements by the owners.
 Tanneries were the worst of all other industrial units; they demand serious
attention of the planners before it is too late.
6. RECOMMENDATIONS
 Special treatments processes are required to be installed at industrial units in

order avoid polluting all the drains, waterways, surface and groundwater.
 Government should pass rules for the implementation of Environmental

Policies and make the local bodies responsible for its implementation.
 GIS based Land use plan should be prepared for documenting the existing
industrial sectors and mark the feasible sites for new industries and their
category. The potential of industrial zones in emitting water based pollution.
 Example of combined effluent treatment plant operating in Korangi Industrial

Area for Tanneries could should be followed.
 Further tests should be conducted to deal with the types of pollutants present
in each industrial zone.
 Each industry should have their internal environmentalists that could bridge
the gap in between the regulatory bodies and industries
 Awareness related activities should be promoted.
19
7. REFERENCES & RESEARCHES CITED:
1. http://www.iwmi.cgiar.org/Publications/IWMI_Research_Reports/PDF/PUB127/RR12
7.pdf
2. https://reliefweb.int/report/world/2017-un-world-water-development-report
wastewater-untapped-resource
3. http://emc.com.pk/waste-watertreatment/
4. https://reliefweb.int/report/pakistan/special-report-pakistans-waters-risk-water-health
related-issues-pakistan-key
5. Water Security in Pakistan: Issues and Challenges by UNDP
6. Fabiha Khalid et al, Environmental Impact of Industrial Effluent and Contributions of
Managing Bodies in context of karachi, Journal of Information & Communication
Technology - JICT Vol. 11 Issue. 1, ISSN 1816-613X
7. Abdul Nasir et al, industrial waste water management in district Gujranwala of
Pakistan, Pak. J. Agri. Sci., Vol. 49(1), 79-85; 2012 ISSN (Print) 0552-9034, ISSN
(Online) 2076-0906
8. Amjad,S (2010) 'Strategy For Industrial Waste Water And Pollution Control',
Pakistan Business Review
20

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Department of Home & Health Sciences

Block No. 06, Sector H-8,

Water Conservation & Management (3677)

S. NO TOPIC / DESCRIPTION PAGE NO

1. INTRODUCTION / SHORT DESCRIPTION OF THE ISSUE DISCUSSED:

Wastewater is regarded as a combination of one or more of: domestic effluent consisting of

GLOBAL WASTE WATER-RECYCLE PERSPECTIVE:

PAKISTAN WASTE WATER-RECYCLE PERSPECTIVE:

• Population (Million) 212

Waste Water Production in Pakistan:

GUJRANWALA WASTE WATER-RECYCLE PERSPECTIVE:

2. OBJECTIVE OF THE STUDY:

The objectives of the study were as follows;

1- To study One case of waste-water recycling on Industrial scale.

2- To evaluate the achievements, success / failure

3- To determine the achievement of waste water re-cycling

4- To determine the improvement in demand / supply of waste water recycling in

3. METHODOLOGY ADOPTED FOR THIS STUDY:

1. Primary Data Collection

Primary Data Collection:

Secondary Data Collection:

1. Interaction with Environmental Specialist:

2. International renowned reports:

3. National Renowned Reports:

6. Rules & Regulations:

1. ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACT OF INDUSTRIAL EFFLUENT AND CONTRIBUTIONS OF

2. INDUSTRIAL WASTE WATER MANAGEMENT IN DISTRICT GUJRANWALA OF

AIM OF THE STUDY:

MATERIALS & METHODS:

Figure 1. Location of study area in district Gujranwala of Pakistan

Table 1. Type of selected industries and their designation sample number

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION

Figure 2. Total suspended solids at different sampled industries

Figure 3. Total dissolved solids at different sampled industries

Figure 4. Dissolved oxygen at different sampling industries

Figure 5. Biochemical oxygen demand at different sampling industries

Figure 6. Chemical oxygen demand at different sampling industries

Figure 7. Turbidity at different sampling industries

Figure 9. Electrical conductivity at different sampling industries

Figure 10. Bicarbonates at different sampling industries

Figure 11. Carbonates at different sampling industries

 Flour industry had minimal adverse impacts of wastewater releases

 Special treatments processes are required to be installed at industrial units in

 Government should pass rules for the implementation of Environmental

 Example of combined effluent treatment plant operating in Korangi Industrial

 Awareness related activities should be promoted.

7. REFERENCES & RESEARCHES CITED:

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Solution-3677 Water Conservation & Management Assignment 2

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